MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL ELASTOMER COMPOSITES BASED ON INDUSTRIAL WASTE NICKEL ZINC FERRITE AND NATURAL RUBBER

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nordalila Moksin ◽  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
Muhammad Khalil Abdullah ◽  
Raa Khimi Shuib
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Zinc Ferrite ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Nickel Zinc ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Tan Δ

ABSTRACT Magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) based on waste nickel zinc ferrite and natural rubber were prepared. The amount of waste nickel zinc ferrite was varied at five levels (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 phr) to assess the optimum amount of waste nickel zinc ferrite content for highest dynamic mechanical and tensile performance. Curing characteristics of the MREs were determined by moving disk rheometer (MDR 2000), and thermal properties were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Tan δ was measured through parallel and plate rheometer over a frequency range of 0.1–100 Hz and a strain amplitude range of 0.1–6%. Tensile properties were measured with a universal tensile tester. The results revealed that tan δ, tensile properties, and thermal stability of the MREs increased with increase of waste nickel zinc ferrite contents. Anisotropic MREs, which had chain-like columnar structures of magnetic particles in the matrix as a consequence of an applied magnetic field during curing, were found to produce higher dynamic mechanical performance compared with isotropic MREs cured in the absence of a magnetic field.

Tensile Properties and Dynamic Mechanical Behaviour of Natural Rubber Compound Filled with Rice Husk Silica Produced via Solvent-Thermal Extraction Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 947 ◽  
pp. 195-199
Author(s):  
Zainathul Akhmar Salim Abdul Salim ◽  
Aziz Hassan ◽  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
Nor Hafizah Che Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Rice Husk Silica ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Thermal Extraction ◽  
Rubber Filler

This study highlighted the effect of incorporation of rice husk silica (RHS) on the tensile properties and dynamic mechanical behaviour of natural rubber (NR) compounds. High purity RHS was synthesised by solvent-thermal extraction method, which was inspired by TAPPI T204 cm-97 and TAPPI T264 cm-97 standards with some modifications. The extraction method had successfully produced RHS with 99.9% of silica content and surface area of 234.25 m2/g. The incorporation of RHS in NR showed increment in tensile properties compared to unfilled NR. Further improvement was recorded by surface modification of RHS with 1 wt. % bis (triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide (TESPT). The modification of RHS with TESPT increased the rubber-filler interaction between RHS and NR matrix, hence enhancing the strength-related properties. The modified RHS-NR also recorded highest storage modulus, and the presence of RHS in the NR compound had slightly shifted the glass transition temperature (Tg) to a higher value. This confirmed that the strong rubber-filler interaction had increased the rigidity of the compounds and restricted the mobility of the rubber chains.

scholarly journals Effect of Magnetic Field and Aggregation on Electrical Characteristics of Magnetically Responsive Suspensions for Novel Hybrid Liquid Capacitor

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunio Shimada
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Nonlinear Response ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Particle Aggregation ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Wide Range

Magnetically responsive fluid based on polymers of natural rubber (NR-latex) involves a magnetic compound fluid (MCF) rubber liquid. For a wide range of engineering applications of suspensions or liquids with particles, their electrical characteristics of fluidic suspensions are investigated to obtain useful results that might be important in the study of devices, such as fluidic sensors and capacitors. The author of the present paper proposes that MCF rubber liquid can be produced by combining MCF and rubber latex. The influence of the aggregation of magnetic particles and rubber molecules on electrical characteristics under a magnetic field was investigated by measuring electrical properties under an applied voltage. The electrical characteristics change with a linear or a nonlinear response, based on conditions of particle aggregation. The capacity of the electric charge also changes with the conditions of particle aggregation. These results show that MCF rubber liquid is a novel hybrid capacitor.

Preparation and Structural Characterization of Vulcanized Natural Rubber Nanocomposites Containing Nickel-Zinc Ferrite Nanopowders

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 2691-2699 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. S. Bellucci ◽  
L. O. Salmazo ◽  
E. R. Budemberg ◽  
M. R. da Silva ◽  
M. A. Rodríguez-Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Zinc Ferrite ◽  
Nickel Zinc ◽  
Rubber Nanocomposites

Static and Dynamic Mechanical Performance of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polyethersulfone Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 895 ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Harshavardhan ◽  
R. Ravishankar ◽  
Bheemappa Suresha ◽  
S. Srinivas
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Static Properties ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Static Mechanical

This study has been carried out to demonstrate the effect of short carbon fiber (SCF) loading on static and dynamic mechanical performance of polyethersulfone (PES) composites. Different combinations of SCF/PES composites were prepared by extrusion followed by injection molding. The static mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile and flexural properties of PES based composites were analyzed following ISO standards. As engineering materials, the polymer composites with high modulus as well as excellent damping properties are of great interest in aerospace and automotive industries for severe dynamic environment. Furthermore, in addition to static properties of composites, dynamic mechanical behaviour of PES based composites was evaluated. Mechanical test results showed that increasing the SCF wt. % in the composites increases the hardness, tensile and flexural properties. Furthermore, the optimal SCF loading was found to be 30 wt. % for significantly improving the overall composite mechanical performance. Upon the reinforcing of SCFs, an improvement in the storage modulus was found. Based on the fractographic analysis, orientation and aligned structure of carbon fibers, good bonding of fibers within the matrix and better fiber-matrix interaction were the primary reasons leading to the improvement of mechanical properties. The optimized composite (PES with 30 wt. % of SCF) could be used in automotive components like frames, flap covers and gears of printing machinery.

The study of enhancement of magnetorheological effect based on natural rubber/thermoplastic elastomer SEBS hybrid matrix

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xincheng Song ◽  
Wenju Wang ◽  
Fufeng Yang ◽  
Guoping Wang ◽  
Xiaoting Rui
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Carbonyl Iron ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
Iron Particles ◽  
Magnetorheological Elastomers ◽  
Hybrid Matrix ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Magnetorheological Effect

Magnetorheological elastomers are one kind of smart materials which consist of matrix materials and magnetic particles. The mechanical properties of magnetorheological elastomers were controllable under an external magnetic field. Applications of magnetorheological elastomers are limited as a result of their poor magnetorheological effect and mechanical performance, so enhancing the magnetorheological effect of them is critical for their application. Styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene based thermoplastic elastomer was added to natural rubber to fabricate hybrid matrix–based magnetorheological elastomers. Zero modulus of magnetorheological elastomers increased from 0.50 to 0.64 MPa and magnetorheological effect increased from 28.00% to 43.75% with the addition of styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene based thermoplastic elastomer. The contact angle of carbonyl iron particles with the matrix showed that styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene based thermoplastic elastomer can improve the compatibility of carbonyl iron particles with the matrix. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis has been carried out to investigate the internal structure of hybrid matrix–based magnetorheological elastomers.

The field-dependent complex modulus of magnetorheological elastomers consisting of sucrose acetate isobutyrate ester

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (14) ◽  
pp. 1993-2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muntaz Hana Ahmad Khairi ◽  
Saiful Amri Mazlan ◽  
Ubaidillah ◽  
Ku Zarina Ku Ahmad ◽  
Seung-Bok Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Complex Modulus ◽  
Excitation Frequency ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Magnetorheological Elastomer ◽  
Magnetorheological Elastomers ◽  
Storage And Loss Moduli ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Magnetorheological Effect

In this work, epoxidized natural rubber-50 magnetorheological elastomer was synthesized using conventional rubber processing. The ester plasticizer sucrose acetate isobutyrate was then incorporated into epoxidized natural rubber-50 to soften the matrix and to improve the relative magnetorheological effect. The influence of sucrose acetate isobutyrate ester on the microstructures and properties of epoxidized natural rubber-50 magnetorheological elastomers were experimentally investigated. It has been identified that the addition of sucrose acetate isobutyrate ester can reduce the viscosity of the matrix and increase the mobility of magnetic particles in a matrix. The elongation of magnetorheological elastomer was increased by 19%, and the tensile strength was reduced by 17% at 10 wt% content of the sucrose acetate isobutyrate ester. It is observed that the employment of sucrose acetate isobutyrate ester enhanced the thermal stability leading to low degradation of the properties of magnetorheological elastomer. In rheology test, both absolute and relative magnetorheological effects were increased by 0.16 MPa and 23%, respectively, with incorporation of the 7.5-wt% sucrose acetate isobutyrate ester. It is also identified that the storage and loss moduli as well as loss factor are increased as the excitation frequency is increased. It is finally concluded that agglomeration issues in isotropic magnetorheological elastomer which degrade performances of magnetorheological elastomer application devices and systems can be resolved by the addition of sucrose acetate isobutyrate ester to epoxidized natural rubber-50 used in this work.

Dynamic Mechanical Properties and Tensile Behavior of Oil Palm Ash Filled Natural Rubber Vulcanizates

2013 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
pp. 305-308
Author(s):  
Zhong Xian Ooi ◽  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
Azhar Abu Bakar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Storage Modulus ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Oil Palm Ash ◽  
Tan Δ

The potential of utilizing low cost filler, i.e. oil palm ash (OPA) as a new filler in natural rubber (NR) compounds using conventional laboratory-sized two roll mills. The NR compound was cross-linked using sulphuric system. The variations of tensile and dynamic properties were examined in the NR vulcanizates with the OPA filling at low loading. In the view of reinforcement, the tensile strength and elongation at break was improved with the low loading of OPA (<10 phr). Dynamic mechanical properties of OPA filled NR vulcanizates was investigated with respect to the storage modulus and mechanical loss factor (Tan δ). Result showed that the storage modulus of the OPA filled NR vulcanizates became higher than that of gum NR vulcanizates whereas the peak height of tan δmax was reduced as the OPA loading was increased. This phenomenon manifested a strong rubber-filler interaction with the low loading of OPA.

A Comparative Study of the Effect of Crosslink Agents and Chemical Modification on Properties of Natural Rubber Vulcanizates

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 2334-2337
Author(s):  
Anoma Thitithammawong ◽  
Charoen Nakason ◽  
Rusmawatee Kasoe
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Mooney Viscosity ◽  
Natural Rubber Vulcanizates

The influence of crosslink agents on properties of modified-NRs was investigated. The results prove that the presence of oxirane rings and/or chlorine atoms on the ENR and CENR molecules prominently affects on overall studied properties of the vulcanized rubbers. Crosslink agents also play significant role on Mooney viscosity, curing and tensile properties of the vulcanized rubbers, however, they are less influence on dynamic mechanical and thermal properties.

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