Biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic aspects of hopantenic acid in pediatric pharmacotherapy

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Cristina Ciobanu ◽  
◽  
Diana Guranda ◽  
Valentin Oprea ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Current Task ◽  
A Current

The development of efficient, high-quality, harmless and affordable pharmaceutical forms for drug treatment in pediatrics is a current task of contemporary pharmacy. Currently, psychiatrists and neurologists from various curative-prophylactic institutions prescribe for children and adolescents nootropic preparations in the form of tablets, powders and syrups, in various neurological diseases, the share of which, according to national and international statistics, is constantly increasing. Currently, the prescription of hopanthenic acid is gaining popularity, thanks to its neuroprotective, neurotrophic, neurometabolic, antidepressant, anxiolytic and analgesic effects. The presented paper has as starting point the analysis of the structural-molecular properties of hopanthenic acid, exposed by biopharmaceutical study, pharmacokinetic parameters and strategies for optimizing pharmaceutical formulations with gastric release.

scholarly journals Sliding Contacts in Planetary Magnetospheres

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 283
Author(s):  
Elena Belenkaya ◽  
Igor Alexeev
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Strong Field ◽  
Magnetized Plasma ◽  
Sliding Contacts ◽  
Radio Emissions ◽  
Planetary Magnetospheres ◽  
Current Task ◽  
Surrounding Space ◽  
Non Local ◽  
A Current

In the planetary magnetospheres there are specific places connected with velocity breakdown, reconnection, and dynamo processes. Here we pay attention to sliding layers. Sliding layers are formed in the ionosphere, on separatrix surfaces, at the magnetopauses and boundaries of stellar astrospheres, and at the Alfvén radius in the equatorial magnetosphere of rapidly rotating strongly magnetized giant planets. Although sliding contacts usually occur in thin local layers, their influence on the global structure of the surrounding space is very great. Therefore, they are associated with non-local processes that play a key role on a large scale. There can be an exchange between different forms of energy, a generation of strong field-aligned currents and emissions, and an amplification of magnetic fields. Depending on the conditions in the magnetosphere of the planet/exoplanet and in the flow of magnetized plasma passing it, different numbers of sliding layers with different configurations appear. Some are associated with regions of auroras and possible radio emissions. The search for planetary radio emissions is a current task in the detection of exoplanets.

scholarly journals Vibrotactile-Based Rehabilitation on Balance and Gait in Patients with Neurological Diseases: A Systematic Review and Metanalysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 518
Author(s):  
Sara De Angelis ◽  
Alessandro Antonio Princi ◽  
Fulvio Dal Farra ◽  
Giovanni Morone ◽  
Carlo Caltagirone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Fear Of Falling ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Gait Rehabilitation ◽  
Proprioceptive Information ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Task Oriented ◽  
Multisensory Information

Postural instability and fear of falling represent two major causes of decreased mobility and quality of life in cerebrovascular and neurologic diseases. In recent years, rehabilitation strategies were carried out considering a combined sensorimotor intervention and an active involvement of the patients during the rehabilitation sessions. Accordingly, new technological devices and paradigms have been developed to increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation by integrating multisensory information and augmented feedback promoting the involvement of the cognitive paradigm in neurorehabilitation. In this context, the vibrotactile feedback (VF) could represent a peripheral therapeutic input, in order to provide spatial proprioceptive information to guide the patient during task-oriented exercises. The present systematic review and metanalysis aimed to explore the effectiveness of the VF on balance and gait rehabilitation in patients with neurological and cerebrovascular diseases. A total of 18 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included. Due to the lack of high-quality studies and heterogeneity of treatments protocols, clinical practice recommendations on the efficacy of VF cannot be made. Results show that VF-based intervention could be a safe complementary sensory-motor approach for balance and gait rehabilitation in patients with neurological and cerebrovascular diseases. More high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed.

scholarly journals Fear conditioning and stimulus generalization in association with age in children and adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Reinhard ◽  
Anna Slyschak ◽  
Miriam A. Schiele ◽  
Marta Andreatta ◽  
Katharina Kneer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Conditioned Fear ◽  
Fear Learning ◽  
Stimulus Generalization ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Current Task

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate age-related differences in fear learning and generalization in healthy children and adolescents (n = 133), aged 8–17 years, using an aversive discriminative fear conditioning and generalization paradigm adapted from Lau et al. (2008). In the current task, participants underwent 24 trials of discriminative conditioning of two female faces with neutral facial expressions, with (CS+) or without (CS−) a 95-dB loud female scream, presented simultaneously with a fearful facial expression (US). The discriminative conditioning was followed by 72 generalization trials (12 CS+, 12 GS1, 12 GS2, 12 GS3, 12 GS4, and 12 CS−): four generalization stimuli depicting gradual morphs from CS+ to CS− in 20%-steps were created for the generalization phases. We hypothesized that generalization in children and adolescents is negatively correlated with age. The subjective ratings of valence, arousal, and US expectancy (the probability of an aversive noise following each stimulus), as well as skin conductance responses (SCRs) were measured. Repeated-measures ANOVAs on ratings and SCR amplitudes were calculated with the within-subject factors stimulus type (CS+, CS−, GS1-4) and phase (Pre-Acquisition, Acquisition 1, Acquisition 2, Generalization 1, Generalization 2). To analyze the modulatory role of age, we additionally calculated ANCOVAs considering age as covariate. Results indicated that (1) subjective and physiological responses were generally lower with increasing age irrespective to the stimulus quality, and (2) stimulus discrimination improved with increasing age paralleled by reduced overgeneralization in older individuals. Longitudinal follow-up studies are required to analyze fear generalization with regard to brain maturational aspects and clarify whether overgeneralization of conditioned fear promotes the development of anxiety disorders or vice versa.

Radical Tense-Indexical Historicality and the De Se

KronoScope ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-27
Author(s):  
Carl Humphries
Keyword(s):  
Alternative View ◽  
The Past ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
De Se ◽  
Temporal Expressions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Self Reference ◽  
A Current ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract “Being is said in many ways,” claimed Aristotle, initiating a discussion about existential commitment that continues today. Might there not be reasons to say something similar about “having been,” or “having happened,” where these expressions denote something’s being located in the past? Moreover, if history – construed not only as an object of inquiry (actual events, etc.) but also as a way of casting light on certain matters – is primarily concerned with “things past,” then the question just posed also seems relevant to the question of what historical understanding amounts to. While the idea that ‘being’ may mean different things in different contexts has indisputable importance, the implications of other, past-temporal expressions are elusive. In what might any differences of substantive meaning encountered there consist? One starting point for responding – the one that provides the subject matter explored here – is furnished by the question of whether or not a certain way of addressing matters relating to the past permits or precludes forms of intelligibility that could be said to be ‘radically historical.’ After arguing that the existing options for addressing this issue remain unsatisfactory, I set out an alternative view of what it could mean to endorse or reject such an idea. This involves drawing distinctions and analogies connected with notions of temporal situatedness, human practicality and historicality, which are then linked to a further contrast between two ways of understanding the referential significance of what is involved when we self-ascribe a relation to a current situation in a manner construable as implying that we take ourselves to occupy a unique, yet circumstantially defined, perspective on that situation. As regards the latter, on one reading, the specific kind of indexically referring language we use – commonly labelled “de se” – is something whose rationale is exhausted by its practical utility as a communicative tool. On the other, it is viewed as capturing something of substantive importance about how we can be thought of as standing in relation to reality. I claim that this second reading, together with the line of thinking about self-identification and self-reference it helps foreground, can shed light on what it would mean to affirm or deny the possibility of radically historical forms of intelligibility – and thus also on what it could mean to ascribe a plurality of meanings to talk concerning things being ‘in the past.’

Compulsion to Repeat

2017 ◽  
pp. 9-35
Author(s):  
Mavis Reimer ◽  
Deanna England ◽  
Melanie Dennis Unrau ◽  
Nyala Ali
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Young People ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Literary Fiction ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Series Fiction ◽  
Compulsion To Repeat

Beginning of the article: There is a curious gap in the scholarship on texts for young people: while series fiction has been an important stream of publishing for children and adolescents at least since the last decades of the nineteenth century, the scholarship on these texts has not been central to the development of theories on and criticism of texts for young people. The focus of scholarship is much more likely to be on stand-alone, high-quality texts of literary fiction.

scholarly journals Sukcesy fińskiego systemu edukacji, czyli dlaczego Finlandia szczyci się jednym z najlepszych systemów szkolnictwa na świecie – porównawcze studium przypadku

2018 ◽  
pp. 349-365
Author(s):  
Ewelina Czujko-Moszyk
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Educational Reforms ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Descriptive Case Study ◽  
Education Major ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
High Social Status

This paper seeks to answer the question why Finland is considered to have one of the best education systems in the world. The author aims at providing a descriptive case study of Finland in comparison to the Polish educational system with some reference to other Western countries. The world first noticed Finland following the release of PISA results in 2001. Yet, PISA overview is just a starting point for this case study. The paper analyses different social, economic and political factors which, in the author’s opinion, contributed the most to the Finnish success in education. Major arguments for the Finnish success are preceded by an overview of educational reforms from the 1950s until the present. The author argues that the remarkably high social status of teachers, their autonomy and great qualifications,consistency in educational reforms which offer high quality, equity and decentralization are the primary reasons for Finland’s global success. All of the above achievements are compared to Poland’s current situation in education.

scholarly journals Institutional care for children and adolescents that use drugs

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Corrêa GOMES ◽  
Fernanda Kimie Tavares MISHIMA-GOMES ◽  
Clarissa Mendonça CORRADI-WEBSTER
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Institutional Care ◽  
Psychosocial Care ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Specific Population ◽  
A Current

Abstract The literature highlights the existence of weaknesses in the psychosocial care network, especially in the treatment of children and adolescents that use drugs. The study aimed to comprehend, based on the Winnicottian theoretical framework, how a Residential Care Unit has been providing care to children and adolescents with needs arising from drugs use in situations of social vulnerability. Semi-structured interviews, with eight care providers, and 65 hours of participant observation were carried out. From the thematic analysis, three themes were constructed: (1) Setting: regarding attention to basic needs and construction of a routine; (2) View: regarding empathy and expansion of perspectives; (3) Aggressiveness: regarding new ways of relating. Important actions are aimed at constructing care for this specific population, as this is a current theme with recent and weakly structured public policies.

Evidence for multiple drivers of aerial insectivore declines in North America

The Condor ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly J Spiller ◽  
Randy Dettmers
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Prey Abundance ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Prey Quality ◽  
Aerial Insectivore ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Aerial Insectivores

Abstract Aerial insectivores (birds that forage on aerial insects) have experienced significant population declines in North America. Numerous hypotheses have been proposed for these declines, but current evidence suggests multiple factors could be operating in combination during their annual migratory cycles between breeding and nonbreeding areas. Potential drivers include decreased prey abundance, direct or indirect impacts of environmental contaminants, habitat loss, phenological changes due to warming climate, and conditions on migratory stopover or wintering grounds. While no single threat appears to be the cause of aerial insectivore declines, existing evidence suggests that several of these factors could be contributing to the declines at different times in the annual lifecycle. Breeding productivity for most of these species does not appear to be limited by overall prey abundance, contaminants, or habitat loss, which suggests that similar issues on nonbreeding grounds or carryover effects could play important roles. However, a better understanding of the importance of prey quality throughout the lifecycle is critically needed. Based on current evidence, we propose that changes in availability of high-quality prey, with variability across breeding and nonbreeding grounds, reduce various combinations of fledging success, post-fledging survival, and nonbreeding season body condition of aerial insectivores, resulting in species and geographic differences in population trends. We encourage others to use this hypothesis as a starting point to test specific mechanisms by which availability of high-quality prey influences demographic parameters. We suggest that future research focus on defining prey quality, monitoring insect abundance in conjunction with birds, comparing demographic models across local populations experiencing different population growth rates, and using tracking technology to document important migratory and nonbreeding areas. Considerable research progress already has been made, but additional research is needed to better understand the complex web of potential causes driving aerial insectivore declines.

Dehydration and Sieving to 150 Microns Process of Melon Seed

2019 ◽  
Vol 394 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Imelda de Jesús Loera-Hernández ◽  
Gerardo Espinosa-Garza
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Neuronal Function ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Great Demand ◽  
Pulp Industry ◽  
Current Task ◽  
Horticultural Products ◽  
Melon Seeds ◽  
A Current

Melon is one of the main horticultural products that are harvested in Mexico and is a sourceof employment and an important income for farmers in the country. Melon is in great demand in thejuice and pulp industry and nowadays it is a current task to develop technologies for the use ofprocessed seeds from melons. The objective of the present investigation is to determine the yield of15 minerals and the composition of fatty acids present in melon seeds in order to add value to thisresidue. Some polyphenols were also determined in order to verify their possible intake to reducecertain health problems. Allergies and lactose intolerances have increased in recent years andtherefore there has been a growing demand for alternatives. By taking advantage of the melon seeds,we sought to create a drink made of melon seeds as a substitute for milk. After performing severalexperiments in the lab, it was demonstrated that melon seeds contain high amounts of linoleic acid, asubstance that regulates hormone production, improves neuronal function, strengthens the immunesystem and reduces cholesterol, thus preventing certain cardiac problems.

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