scholarly journals THE POTENTIALITY OF THE ENERGY GENERATION FROM SLAUGHTERHOUSE SLUDGE AND WOOD SAWDUST

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (33) ◽  
pp. 140-147
Author(s):  
K. M. da S. MENEZES ◽  
C. P. PRADOS ◽  
K. S. L. de FIGUEREDO
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Wood Sawdust ◽  
Urban Solid Waste ◽  
Immediate Analysis ◽  
Calorific Power ◽  
The City

The use of waste for energy production through processes like pyrolysis, combustion and oil extraction is a sustainable solution to serious environmental problems like centralization of the energy matrix in nonrenewable materials and pollutants and the volume of urban solid waste. In this context, this work aimed to analyze the energy potential of two solid waste biomasses: municipal slaughter sludge and wood sawdust generated in the city of Gurupi –TO. Were evaluated the contents of humidity, volatile content, ash, fixed carbon through the immediate analysis and upper (PCS) and lower (PCI) calorific value were evaluated for all samples collected. In the immediate analysis it was found that the sludge sample had higher ash content than the sawdust and both had high volatile contents. The sawdust presented higher calorific power (4882 cal kg-1) than the sludge (3952.5 cal kg-1), but the process of obtaining energy from the sludge requires less heat. It can also be concluded that both materials present viable alternatives for obtaining energy.

scholarly journals PENGARUH SUHU DAN KONSENTRASI PEREKAT TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK BRIKET BIOARANG BERBAHAN BAKU TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN PROSES PIROLISIS

Konversi ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Yuli Ristianingsih ◽  
Ayuning Ulfa ◽  
Rachmi Syafitri K.S
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Rate Of Combustion

Abstrak-Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit merupakan limbah padat hasil produksi Crude Palm Oil (CPO). Setiap 1(satu) ton tandan buah segar dihasilkan 23% limbah padat. Limbah padat ini dapat di konversi menjadi bahan bakar pengganti minyak yaitu briket. Briket bioarang adalah bahan bakar padat yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bakar alternatif pengganti bahan bakar yang berasal dari fosil seperti minyak dan gas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu pirolisis terhadap yield bioarang yang dihasilkan dan mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi perekat kanji (5% w/w, 10% w/w, 15% w/w) terhadap karakteristik briket hasil penelitian (kadar air, volatile matter, kadar abu, fixed carbon, nilai kalor dan laju pembakaran). Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode pirolisis yaitu proses pembakaran bahan baku dalam reaktor pirolisis dengan menggunakan suhu yang tinggi dan tanpa atau dengan sedikit oksigen. Pirolisis dilakukan selama 2,5 jam dengan variasi suhu yaitu 350°C, 400°C, 450°C dan 500°C. Arang yang dihasilkan dicampur dengan perekat sesuai variasi dan dicetak menjadi briket. Briket kemudian dianalisa kadar air, kadar abu, kadar karbon, kadar zat terbang, nilai kalor dan laju pembakaran. Briket dengan yield tertinggi terdapat pada suhu 350°C sebesar 51,53% dan yield terendah pada suhu 500°C sebesar 26,03%. Briket hasil penelitian ini telah memenuhi standar mutu briket sebagai bahan bakar dilihat dari nilai kalor. Komposisi optimal antara perekat kanji dan arang TKKS hasil pirolisis yaitu pada 5%:95% yang menghasilkan nilai kalor terbesar yaitu 6748,15kal/g.  Kata kunci : Briket Bioarang, Pirolisis, Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit                Abstract-Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunches are solid waste from Crude Palm Oil (CPO industry). For 1 ton of fresh fruit bunches produced 23% of solid waste. This solid waste can be converted into alternative energy that called briquettes. Briquettes are solid fuel that can be used as an alternative fuel replacement for fossil fuels such as oil and gas. This study aims to determine the effect of temperature on the yield generated briquettes and the effect of stach adhesive concentration (5, 10 and 15% wt) to briquettes characteristics (moisture content, volatile matter, ash content, fixed carbon, calorific value and the rate of combustion). In this reseacrh, two kilograms of palm oil empty fruit bunches was burned using pyrolisis reactor at different temperatur (350, 400, 450 and 5000C) for 2.5 hour. Charcoal produced was mixed with an adhesive in accordance variations and molded into briquettes. Briquettes then analyzed the water content, ash content, carbon content, volatile matter content, heating value and rate of combustion. The maximum yield of briquettes which was obtained in this research is 51.53% at temperature 3500C and the lowest yield at temperature of 500 ° C by 26.03%. Briquettes results of this study have met the quality standards of fuel briquettes as seen from the heating value. Optimal adhesive composition between starch and charcoal TKKS is 5%: 95% that generates highest calorific value about 6748.15kal/ g. Keywords: Briquette Bioarang, Pyrolysis, oil palm empty bunches

scholarly journals GESTÃO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS: UMA REFLEXÃO SOBRE PRÁTICAS EM UM MUNICÍPIO DO INTERIOR DO ESTADO DO PARANÁ

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-69
Author(s):  
Myller Augusto Santos Gomes ◽  
Angelica Biagi Bertocco
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
Waste Policy ◽  
Urban Solid Waste ◽  
The City ◽  
Selective Collection

The respective work is an investigation on practices of urban solid waste management in the city of Fernandes Pinheiro-PR, with the objective of understanding the problems related to the disposal and disposal of solid waste with the intention of promoting new projects that favor citizens with guidance and marketing of recyclable waste. Having projects in partnership with the population to solve the problems of incorrect waste disposal and encourage selective collection, reuse and recycling are guidelines provided for in the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS). Through the elaboration of a diagnosis of the situation of solid waste in the municipality and documentary analysis, among these, practices carried out by the public authorities were verified and the actions are being carried out, still potentiating good projects and proposing continuous improvement actions along with the adoption of new problem-oriented practices.  

scholarly journals Implementation of a cattle manure biodigester for the production of gas for single family use

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 01003 ◽  
Author(s):  
AS Mullo ◽  
WE Sanchez ◽  
FW Salazar ◽  
JM Chacha ◽  
A. Flores
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
The Family ◽  
Domestic Use ◽  
The City ◽  
Firing Tests

Cattle manure has an energy potential that is unknown to farmers. In the rural areas of the city of Latacunga - Ecuador there are inconveniences for the transport of the G.L. (Liquefied Petroleum Gas). For this reason, this document shows the implementation of a biodigester to obtain biogas for domestic use at Hacienda Terán located in La Dolorosa Belisario Quevedo, the cattle manure is analyzed, obtaining 13.7% of total solids. In addition, it was established that 100 kg of mixture with the quantification of manure in a period of 12 days. In order to maintain the elevated temperature a greenhouse was built obtaining an average of 28.48°C in a time for the generation of biogas in 30 days and a minimum temperature of 22.7°C. Temperatures that are within the limits established for the generation of biogas. With these parameters. a 4.25 m3 bio-bag was dimensioned generating a production of 1.1 m3 of gas that satisfies the family use of 0.7 m3 Biogas and G.L.P. firing tests were carried out up to 80° C obtaining a calorific value of 4800 kcal. per m3.

scholarly journals Assessment of the energetic potential by hazelnuts pruning in Viterbo’s area

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Monarca ◽  
M. Cecchini ◽  
A. Colantoni ◽  
S. Di Giacinto ◽  
A. Marucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Laboratory Analysis ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Thermal Potential

In this work the amount of biomass available by the hazelnuts pruning in the province of Viterbo was investigated. At present, the pruning’s residues are destroyed by farmers directly in the field, at the end of the pruning; in this way a large quantity of biomass, represented by hazelnut’s prunings, is lost; the residues obtained from the hazelnut’s pruning, are an important source of biomass that could be used for thermal energy production. The aim of this work is to realize a map with the estimated energy potential from hazelnut pruning biomass, in the province of Viterbo. In the first phase the amount of biomass obtained from a hectare of hazelnut’s cultivationwas estimated:sampling were carried out in some municipalities of Viterbo while hazelnut pruning was taking place, from January to March.In the field, biomass was weighed and some pieces of wood were collected for laboratory analysis; in particular humidity of biomass, low calorific value, ashand the content of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and nitrogen (N) were determined. In the calculation of the biomass were considered the age of the plants and the number of plants per hectare. The results show that the amount of biomass obtained from pruning of hazelnuts varies with the age of plants, but even more so by the number of plants per hectare. The average value of biomass obtained from pruning of a hectare of land is just under 0,9 t. Knowing the net calorific value of the hazelnut wood and the number of hectares cultivated for each municipality, a map of thermal potential energy has been realized.

Seasonal characterisation of municipal solid waste from Astana city, Kazakhstan: Composition and thermal properties of combustible fraction

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1271-1281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bexultan Abylkhani ◽  
Berik Aiymbetov ◽  
Almira Yagofarova ◽  
Diyar Tokmurzin ◽  
Christos Venetis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Waste Composition ◽  
Different Seasons

This study presents the results of a seasonal municipal solid waste composition campaign, that took place over the period of September 2017 to June 2018 in the capital city of Kazakhstan, Astana. Four sampling campaigns were conducted in order to identify the seasonal variation of municipal solid waste composition, recyclables and energy potential materials, such as combustible fraction, useful for the evaluation of waste-to-energy potential. The combustible fraction was analysed for thermal fuel properties, such as proximate and elemental analyses and gross calorific value. The results over the four different seasons showed that the average recyclable fraction of municipal solid waste on a wet basis of 33.3 wt.% and combustibles fraction was 8.3 wt.%. The largest fraction was the organics (47.2 wt.%), followed by plastic (15.4 wt.%) and paper (12.5 wt.%). Small seasonal variations were observed for organics, paper, plastic and glass fractions. The highest values were found in summer for the organic waste, in spring for paper and plastic and autumn for glass. The recyclables fraction showed an absolute seasonal variation of 5.7% with a peak in the winter season (35.4%) and the combustibles fraction showed a seasonal variation between 8.3 wt.% to 9.4 wt.%. Finally, the average calorific value of the combustible fraction was estimated to be 21.6 MJ kg-1 on a dry basis.

scholarly journals Age and tree spacing and their effects on energy properties of Ateleia glazioviana

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elder Eloy ◽  
Dimas Agostinho da Silva ◽  
Braulio Otomar Caron ◽  
Elvis Felipe Elli ◽  
Felipe Schwerz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Volatile Material ◽  
Energy Productivity ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Calorific Power ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACT: The use of wood for energy purposes is common in Brazil, motivated mainly by the diversity of species that present a potential for energy production. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of tree age and spacing on the energy properties of different components of the biomass: wood, bark, and branch of the species Ateleia glazioviana Baill, distributed at different spacings: 2.0 × 1.0m, 2.0 × 1.5m, 3.0 × 1.0m, and 3.0 × 1.5m in the 1st, 3rd, and 5th year after the planting. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The following variables were determined: biomass (BIO), gross calorific power (GCV), basic density (BD), energy productivity (EP), energy density (ED), fixed carbon content (FCC), volatile material content (VMC), and ash content (AC). Different tree ages significantly affected all analyzed variables, increasing the distribution of BIO, EP, AC, BD, and ED with no tendency to stabilize over time. The four tree spacings induced different levels of BIO and EP, with a trend toward lower values with increasing tree spacing for all assessed periods. The four components of the trees had a significant effect on the variables BIO, EP, GCV, FCC, VMC, and AC.

scholarly journals Assessment of the energetic potential by hazelnuts pruning in Viterbo’s area

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Monarca ◽  
M. Cecchini ◽  
A. Colantoni ◽  
S. Di Giacinto ◽  
A. Marucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Laboratory Analysis ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Thermal Potential

In this work the amount of biomass available by the hazelnuts pruning in the province of Viterbo was investigated. At present, the pruning’s residues are destroyed by farmers directly in the field, at the end of the pruning; in this way a large quantity of biomass, represented by hazelnut’s prunings, is lost; the residues obtained from the hazelnut’s pruning, are an important source of biomass that could be used for thermal energy production. The aim of this work is to realize a map with the estimated energy potential from hazelnut pruning biomass, in the province of Viterbo. In the first phase the amount of biomass obtained from a hectare of hazelnut’s cultivationwas estimated:sampling were carried out in some municipalities of Viterbo while hazelnut pruning was taking place, from January to March.In the field, biomass was weighed and some pieces of wood were collected for laboratory analysis; in particular humidity of biomass, low calorific value, ashand the content of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and nitrogen (N) were determined. In the calculation of the biomass were considered the age of the plants and the number of plants per hectare. The results show that the amount of biomass obtained from pruning of hazelnuts varies with the age of plants, but even more so by the number of plants per hectare. The average value of biomass obtained from pruning of a hectare of land is just under 0,9 t. Knowing the net calorific value of the hazelnut wood and the number of hectares cultivated for each municipality, a map of thermal potential energy has been realized.

Environmental Protection, Work, and Social Inclusion: Formalizing the Recycling of Urban Solid Waste in Buenos Aires

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-107
Author(s):  
Johanna Maldovan Bonelli
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
The Social ◽  
Urban Solid Waste ◽  
The City

The changes in the paradigms regarding urban solid waste management that have occurred in the past few decades have led to a reformulation of Argentine social, labor, and environmental policies. In the case of the city of Buenos Aires, the presence of thousands of “informal” recyclers dedicated to the recovery of recyclable materials for their subsistence has given a particular imprint to the design of these policies, the focus of which has been the social inclusion of these workers through the creation of cooperatives. An examination of the assumptions underlying the use of the concept of informality in the development of cooperatives for recycling from 2007 to 2013 shows that they are part of a complex process in which measures for increasing rights and protections are associated with various forms of labor instability. En las últimas décadas, los cambios en los paradigmas de manejo de residuos sólidos urbanos han dado lugar a una reformulación de las políticas sociales, laborales y ambientales argentinas. En el caso de la ciudad de Buenos Aires, la presencia de miles de recicladores “informales” dedicados a recuperar materiales reciclables para su subsistencia le ha dado un cariz particular al diseño de dichas políticas, las cuales buscan la inclusión social de estos trabajadores a través de la creación de cooperativas. Un análisis de los supuestos que subyacen el uso del concepto de informalidad en el desarrollo de las cooperativas para reciclaje de 2007 a 2013 muestra que son parte de un complejo proceso en el que las medidas para aumentar los derechos y grado de protección de los trabajadores se asocian a diversas formas de inestabilidad laboral.

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