scholarly journals Results of treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis of mycobacteria using bedaquiline and delamanid

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafig Bayramov ◽  
◽  
Jeyhun Ismayilzada ◽  
Orkhan Suleymanov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Regimen ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Therapy Regimen ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Group I ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Group Ii

The article presents the results of an analysis of the efficacy and safety of bedaquiline and delamanid in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). We studied 73 patients with MDR-TB of the lungs who received treatment with bedaquiline and / or delamanid for> 4 weeks in combination with a background regimen recommended by the WHO. For all patients, the treatment regimen was selected individually, according to the drug sensitivity test. The average age of patients was 49.1 ± 2.77 years, men were 46 (63.0%), women — 27 (37.0%). The patients were divided into 3 groups: Group I — 28 patients who were included in the treatment regimen with bedaquiline, Group II — 25 patients who were included in the treatment regimen with delamanid, Group III — 20 patients were treated with both drugs. A month after treatment, the amount of hemoglobin in comparison with the initial value in group I increased by an average of 29.5% (p <0.05), in groups II and III by 31.9% (p <0.05) and 31, 4% (p <0.05), respectively. The mean albumin value increased by 13.2%, 14.7% and 20.3% in groups I, II and III, respectively. The concentration of ALT and AST in the blood after treatment decreased, respectively, by 24.0 and 28.2% in group I, by 29.8 and 36.5% (p <0.05) in group II, by 32.0 (p < 0.05) and 39.0% (p <0.05) in group III. Samples of 49 (80.3%), 44 (71.5%) and 28 (45.9%) patients were resistant to ethambutol, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin, respectively. Resistant to kanamycin were 30.1% of the samples, to ofloxacin — 68.5%. in 58.9% of cases, sputum cultures were positive at the time of initiation of treatment with bedaquiline and / or delamanid. Of these, 39.7% have achieved culture conversion. Adverse reactions were observed in 43.8% of patients. The inclusion of bedaquiline and delamanid in the anti-tuberculosis therapy regimen promotes clinical improvement and a decrease in bacterial excretion in a fairly short time. Treatment of MDR-TB patients with bedaquiline and/or delamanid was effective and well tolerated.

scholarly journals The role of external osteosynthesis in treatment of unstable pelvic osseous injuries

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
N. L. Аnkin ◽  
L. N. Аnkin ◽  
T. M. Petryk ◽  
V. А. Ladyka
Keyword(s):  
External Fixation ◽  
Pelvic Ring ◽  
Fixation Method ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Pelvic Injuries ◽  
Group I ◽  
Joint Revision ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Group Ii

Objective. To specify the role and indications for application of аpparatus of external fixation (АEF) in treatment of unstable pelvic osseous injuries (UPOI); to study up the advantages and faults of the external fixation method; to share the experience of treatment, using this procedure. Маterials and methods. There were 229 patients, suffering pelvic injuries, examined on the base of orthopedic-traumatological centre of Kyiv’s Regional Clinical Hospital in 2005 - 2017 yrs and distributed into three Groups. In Group I 143 (62.4%) injured persons were included, in whom external osteosynthesis played the function of temporary measures of fixation, in Group II - 27 (11.8%) patients, in whom while hospitalization a fracture was fixed, using AEF, аnd after stabilization of the state the posterior pelvis osteosynthesis and reposition was conducted, in Group III - 59 (25.8%) patients, who, using several indications, were definitely treated, applying the external fixation method only. Results. Excellent effect of treatment in Group I was registered in 23 (19.0%), a good one - in 58 (47.9%), satisfactory - in 32 (26.4%), poor - in 8 (6.6%) of 121 patients; in Group II - accordingly, - in 5 (20.8%), 11 (45.8%), 7 (29.2%) and 1 (4.2%) of 24 patients; in Group III - accordingly, in 4 (8.3%), 12 (25%), 23 (47.9%) and 9 (18.6%) of 48 patients. Conclusion. Best results of treatment of patients with unstable pelvic osseous injuries were obtained while applying the tactics of change from external fixation into internal one. On the first stage the pelvic ring fixation, using AEF, was performed, аnd after stabilization of a patient general status - internal osteosynthesis. Application of the internal osteosynthesis method permits to control and stabilize the reposition achieved, to conduct the sacro-ileal joint revision.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF PHYSICAL REHABILITATION ON QUALITY OF LIFE AFTER RENAL TRANSPLANTATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Y. Zhirnova ◽  
E. E. Аchkasov ◽  
O. M. Tsirulnikova ◽  
E. M. Shilov ◽  
O. B. Dobrovolskiy
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Physical Rehabilitation ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Background: Aim of this study was to evaluate the role of physical rehabilitation to improve the quality of life (QOL) of people after kidney transplantation. Patients and methods: Analyzes the results of treatment of 57 recipients (mean age 35±9,65 years) donor kidney at different times of the postoperative period. Depending on the physical rehabilitation program allocated 3 groups of patients: group II — physical rehabilitation was carried out only in the first week after surgery to prevent early postoperative complications, in group I — during the year; in group III combined 30 relatively healthy people do not need an organ transplant and with a mean age 33,7±8,7 years, leading a normal life, not engaged in regular recreational physical culture. Quality of life was assessed using a questionnaire SF36 at 1, 3, 6 and a 12 months after surgery. Results: One year after surgery in both groups compared with preoperative indicators marked improvement according to all scales of the questionnaire. However, in group I indicators of quality of life were higher than in group II from 11,4 to 19,7%, and even some items questionnaire SF-36 is higher than in group III which is associated with the physical rehabilitation. Conclusion: It has been shown that exercises is an important component of treatment and rehabilitation after kidney transplantation and help improve both the psychological and the physical component of quality of life.

scholarly journals CURRENT STRATEGIES IN THE TREATMENT OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Neethu Td ◽  
Mebin Alias
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Regimen ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Proper Treatment ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb

Objective: The objective of the study was to analyze and review the current knowledge about the principles of treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), World Health Organization treatment regimen to treat MDR-TB, mechanism of resistance, and risk factors for emergence of resistance, and novel antitubercular drugs (ATDs) available and control measures to improve treatment outcomes of MDR-TB.Methods: Various articles were reviewed from PubMed and other databases and were analyzed to write the review.Results: Mycobacterium is a largely curable infectious disease if proper treatment should be followed. The success of the treatment depends on the designing of proper treatment regimen and patient adherence to that medication.Conclusion: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is now the most lethal infectious pathogen. Drug resistance has become a major problem in the treatment of TB. In MDR-TB, the bacteria is resistant to at least isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF), and in extensively drug-resistant TB the bacteria is resistant to INH, RIF, any fluoroquinolone, and at least one of three injectable second-line drugs for TB such as kanamycin, capreomycin, and amikacin. More recently, a more worrying situation has emerged with the description of M. tuberculosis strains that have been found resistant to all antibiotics that were available for testing, a situation labeled as totally drug resistant-TB. Other reasons like poor planning by the authorities and the government may also result in the emergence of resistant strain. Rather than the effective chemotherapy and the moderately protective vaccine, new anti-TB agents, and novel controlled release nanoparticulate system like polymeric nanocarrier systems containing existing ATDs are urgently needed to decrease the global incidence of TB.

scholarly journals The surgical correction of refractory venous trophic ulcers

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
S. E. Katorkin ◽  
M. J. Kushnarchuk ◽  
M. A. Melnikov ◽  
A. A. Zhukov ◽  
P. F. Kravtsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Complete Healing ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Shave Therapy

Objectives. To study the effectiveness of layered dermatolipectomy and endoscopic fasciotomy in the surgical treatment of refractory venous trophic ulcers.Materials and methods. Patients (n = 105) of the C6 clinical class underwent crossectomy and short stripping. In group I (n = 35), free autodermoplasty of trophic ulcers with a perforated flap was performed. In group II (n = 36), shave therapy and autodermoplasty were performed. In group IIІ (n = 34), fasciotomy, shave therapy and autodermoplasty were performed. Long-term results of treatment were studied in the period from 1 to 12 months.Results. Complete healing of venous trophic ulcers was observed in group I at 49,4 ± 7,2, in II – at 31,4 ± 4,7, in III – at 32,1 ± 3,6 days сутки (t1-2 = 2,09; p1-2 = 0,049; t1-3 = 2,24; p1-3 = 0,024; t2-3 = 0,03; p2-3 = 0,763). Full engraftment of an autograft graft was recorded in 7 (19,4 %) patients of group I, in 27 (77,1 %) cases in group II and in 27 (79,4 %) patients of comparison group III (χ21-2 = 23,674; p1-2 = 0,001; χ21-3 = 25,173; p1-3 = χ22-3 = 0,052; p2-3 = 0,826).Conclusion. Layered dermatolipectomy with autodermoplasty and endoscopic decompression fasciotomy is an effective method for the treatment of persistent refractory venous trophic ulcers.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE CAUSES OF MECHANICAL COMPLICATIONS AFTER OSTEOSYNTHESIS OF THE LIMBS

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
O. Pelypenko ◽  
O. Kovalov
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Treatment Regimen ◽  
Mechanical Complications ◽  
Outpatient Unit ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Articular Fractures ◽  
Iatrogenic Complications ◽  
Group I ◽  
Post Operation ◽  
Group Ii

Summary. The complications, reported most frequently by physicians are: additions of an infection, impaired fracture union processes, the occurrence of persistent joint contractures, especially after intra-articular fractures. Mechanical-related complications associated with bone-fixing devices are of particular importance. The information mechanical complications in the literature is rather controversial. Particularly debatable is the identification of any specific backgrounds of these complications. Virtually no attention is paid to the behavioral or social aspects of the issue, and the quality of the rehabilitation regime. Objective. Analysis of the background of the complications after surgical treatment, associated with mechanical factors, and identification of the means able to prevent them. Material and methods. The results of treatment of 36 patients operated on for fractures of their extremities, who had complications related to the inadequate mechanical fixation of their broken bones. The onset of complications ranged from 5 days to 1 year from the date of surgery. All patients were divided into 2 groups: Group I (iatrogenic) - 10 patients with iatrogenic complications; Group II (patient-dependent) - 26 patients with clearly identified patient-dependent disorders. Results. There were 15 fractures of a retainer (or its elements) and 21 cases of migration or deformation of structures. The most problematic segment was the proximal thigh, which, in our opinion, has a clear age dependence. Analyzing the errors of surgical treatment (group I), we have assumed that they could be prevented by the timely correction of postoperative complications. The prescribed treatment regimen was violated in 72,2% of cases (group II). 13 patients (50%) reported a repeated trauma in the early post-operative period. Conclusions. Prevention of mechanically-induced complications should be based on the adherence to surgical protocols, dynamic observation of the patients in the post-operation period through tight relations with the outpatient unit, considering both somatic and psychological criteria, and timely correction of the treatment regimen.

scholarly journals Analysis of results of treatment of patients with discolored teeth using different types of lumineers and composite veneers

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
M. V. Ivankova ◽  
N. I. Krikheli
Keyword(s):  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Lithium Disilicate ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Group I ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
Group Ii

The aim of the study was to study the results of treatment of patients with discolored teeth using various types of lumineers and composite veneers.Materials and methods. The study involved patients with discoloration of the teeth who underwent dental treatment: in group I (n = 10) – using lumineers made of ceranite ceramics, in group II (n = 10) – using modified lumineers made from lithium disilicate, in the group III (n = 20) – using composite veneers. The duration of follow-up after treatment was 24 months.Results. According to the results of a two-year observation, and analysis of the effectiveness of treatment using lumineers made of ceramite ceramics Lumineers by Cerinate (USA), using modified lumineers made of lithium disilicate IPS e.max Press (Liechtenstein) and using IPS Empress direct (Liechtenstein) composite veneers was higher in the group using lumineers compared to composite veneers, but these differences were not statistically significant. Also, there were no statistically significant differences when using lumineers made of ceranite ceramics and modified lumineers made of lithium disilicate.

scholarly journals Genetic Variation Putatively Associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Resistance to Perchlozone, a New Thiosemicarbazone: Clues from Whole Genome Sequencing and Implications for Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 669
Author(s):  
Igor Mokrousov ◽  
Anna Vyazovaya ◽  
Gulnora Akhmedova ◽  
Natalia Solovieva ◽  
Eugeni Turkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Treatment Regimen ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb

Perchlozone ([PCZ] 4-thioureido-iminomethylpyridinium perchlorate) is a new thiosemicarbazone approved for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Russia and some other countries. The ethA and hadABC mutations may confer PCZ resistance. At the same time, ethA mutations are known to mediate resistance to ethionamide (ETH) and prothionamide (PTH). We aimed to study the genetic variation underlying Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to PCZ through whole genome sequencing (WGS) of consecutive isolates recovered during long-term treatment. This prospective study included patients admitted in 2018–2019 to the regional tuberculosis dispensary, Kaliningrad, Russia, whose treatment regimen included PCZ. Multiple M. tuberculosis isolates were recovered during PCZ treatment, and the bacterial DNA was subjected to WGS followed by bioinformatics analysis. We identified mutations in the genes putatively associated with PCZ resistance, ethA, and hadA. The most frequent one was a frameshift ethA 106 GA > G (seven of nine patients) and most of the other mutations were also likely present before PCZ treatment. In one patient, a frameshift mutation ethA 702 CT > C emerged after six months of PCZ treatment. A frequent presence of cross-resistance mutations to PCZ and ETH/PTH should be taken into consideration when PCZ is included in the treatment regimen of MDR-TB patients.

scholarly journals Eligibility for a Shorter Treatment Regimen for Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis in the United States, 2011–2016

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarisse A Tsang ◽  
Neha Shah ◽  
Lori R Armstrong ◽  
Suzanne M Marks
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Regimen ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cost Burden ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
The Us ◽  
Mdr Tb

Abstract Background In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended a shorter (9–12 month) multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment regimen (as compared to the conventional 18–24 month regimen) for patients without extrapulmonary TB, pregnancy, a previous second-line TB medication exposure, or drug resistance to pyrazinamide, ethambutol, kanamycin, moxifloxacin, ethionamide, or clofazimine. The recommendation was based on successful clinical trials conducted in Asia and Africa, but studies, using mainly European data, have shown few patients in higher-resource settings would meet WHO eligibility criteria. Methods We assessed eligibility for the shorter regimen among US MDR-TB cases that had full drug susceptibility testing (DST) results and were reported during 2011–2016 to the US National TB Surveillance System. We estimated costs by applying the eligibility criteria for the shorter regimen, and proportional inpatient/outpatient costs from a previous, population-based study, to all MDR-TB patients reported to the National TB Surveillance System. Results Of 586 reported MDR-TB cases, 10% (59) were eligible for the shorter regimen. Of 527 ineligible patients, 386 had full DST, of which 246 were resistant to ethambutol and 217 were resistant to pyrazinamide. Compared with conventional MDR-TB treatment, implementing the shorter regimen would have reduced the US annual societal MDR-TB cost burden by 4%, but the cost burden for eligible individuals would have been reduced by 37–46%. Conclusions Relying on full DST use, our analysis found a minority of US MDR-TB patients would have been eligible for the shorter regimen. Cost reductions would have been minimal for society, but large for eligible individuals.

scholarly journals High Levels of Treatment Success and Zero Relapse in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients Receiving a Levofloxacin-Based Shorter Treatment Regimen in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Le T. N. Anh ◽  
Ajay M. V. Kumar ◽  
Gomathi Ramaswamy ◽  
Thurain Htun ◽  
Thuy Thanh Hoang Thi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Treatment Regimen ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Line Drug

Vietnam has been using a levofloxacin-based shorter treatment regimen (STR) for rifampicin resistant/multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (RR/MDR-TB) patients since 2016 on a pilot basis. This regimen lasts for 9–11 months and is provided to RR/MDR-TB patients without second-line drug resistance. We report the treatment outcomes and factors associated with unsuccessful outcomes. We conducted a cohort study involving secondary analysis of data extracted from electronic patient records maintained by the national TB program (NTP). Of the 302 patients enrolled from April 2016 to June 2018, 259 (85.8%) patients were successfully treated (246 cured and 13 ‘treatment completed’). Unsuccessful outcomes included: treatment failure (16, 5.3%), loss to follow-up (14, 4.6%) and death (13, 4.3%). HIV-positive TB patients, those aged ≥65 years and patients culture-positive at baseline had a higher risk of unsuccessful outcomes. In a sub-group of patients enrolled in 2016 (n = 99) and assessed at 12 months after treatment completion, no cases of relapse were identified. These findings vindicate the decision of the Vietnam NTP to use a levofloxacin-based STR in RR/MDR-TB patients without second-line drug resistance. This regimen may be considered for nationwide scale-up after a detailed assessment of adverse drug events.

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