An Empirical Examination of Financial Pattern of Infrastructure Sectors in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 221-227
Author(s):  
Manjunatha T. ◽  
Vikas K M.
Keyword(s):  
Financial Data ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
Infrastructure Finance ◽  
Financing Pattern ◽  
The Individual

Governments around the world have realized that development of infrastructure require huge capital and governments’ revenues are not adequate to develop the required infrastructure. Finance is an essential part of infrastructure development. Whether it is government, public or private sectors which undertake to develop infrastructure, they require different forms of finance. Understanding the financing patterns of companies is an empirical issue. This paper aims at ascertaining the financing patterns of infrastructure companies. We use the financial data of 306 Indian companies in different sectors in India and present the analysis of financing pattern for four sectors. Financing pattern of sample companies has been studied by using 20 different ratios. Result shows that the financing patterns in the construction, steel, cement and power sectors companies in India have used more debt, that too short term debt, to finance their assets as well the operations. Companies in most of these sectors have not been able to generate adequate revenues to service the debts. The result also shows that there is a significant difference in the financing pattern of different infrastructure sectors. The results of the study may be used by investors, policy makers, researchers. Further study may be undertaken to analyse the individual companies in each sector to know the financing pattern.

Adjudicating International Trade Cases in the World Trade Organization

2020 ◽  
pp. 330-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Hughes
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Institutional Legitimacy ◽  
Appellate Body ◽  
Limited Experience ◽  
The World ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Perspective

The presence of women on WTO panels and the Appellate Body makes a difference from the perspective of institutional legitimacy. However, given the limited experience with women adjudicators on the WTO bench and the fact that WTO dispute reports are not signed individually but by all three adjudicators, it is impossible to prove whether women have made a difference by bringing a unique perspective to WTO adjudication. Nevertheless, it is possible to suppose that they would do so for two reasons. First, WTO Members believe that the individual perspective of an adjudicator can inform her or his decision-making, at least in the case of developing country adjudicators. Second, trade policy makers have come to realize that trade policies can affect women and men differently, and hence that developing trade policies requires a gender-based analysis. With this in mind, it is suggested that there is a gender-based approach to WTO adjudication.

scholarly journals Short-term versus Long-term Investments: A Study of Women Stock Investors of Punjab

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Vohra
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Capital Gains ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cross Tabulation

Short term capital gains and long term capital appreciation are important factors influencing the investment decisions of every investor. The purchase of long-term and short term investments by an investor varies across gender. The present study is an attempt to identify the term for which investments are made by women investors of Punjab and to explore if there is a significant difference in the term for which investments are made by women investors based on their demographics. For the purpose of the study, data were collected from primary sources using a pre tested, well-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics as well as cross-tabulation analysis have been used in order to analyse the collected data. The results of the study brought out that the majority of women invest for a short term. The term for which the investments are made also varies with the personal monthly income of the respondents. In the light of results, the study suggests that government and the policy makers should undertake various initiatives for the economic empowerment of women as their economic empowerment is a pre requisite for their long term financial well-being.

Rehearsing post-Covid-19 citizenship: Social representations and social practices in UK mutual aid groups

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Jane O'Dwyer ◽  
Beascoechea-Seguí ◽  
Luiz Silva Souza
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Crisis Response ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The World ◽  
Practical Implications

People across the world have responded to the pandemic by mobilising and organising to support their communities, setting up mutual aid groups to provide practical, financial, and social support. Mutual aid means short-term ‘crisis response’ for some, while for other groups, it is a chance to radically restructure society, and what it means to be a member of that society. We applied a social representations lens to examine the ways in which citizenship was understood and performed by members of UK Covid-19 mutual aid groups. Interviews were conducted with 29 members of these groups. A reflexive thematic analysis developed three conceptualisations of citizenship: (1) human rights-based citizenship, untied to concerns around ‘deservingness’ or legal status; (2) neoliberal citizenship, to which participants oriented pragmatically in order to claim their group’s legitimacy at the same time as they rejected its individualism; and (3) resistant citizenship, which captured the tension between working within/with existing political structures, or working outside/against them. Findings are discussed in relation to previous theoretical and empirical work and practical implications for policy makers and local government are set out.

Airbnb, Platform Capitalism and the Globalised Home

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-118
Author(s):  
Nicole Gurran ◽  
◽  
Pranita Shrestha ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rental Housing ◽  
Housing Markets ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Residential Homes ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The World ◽  
The Many

Airbnb, the most ubiquitous of the many online short-term rental platforms offering residential homes to tourists, has infiltrated local neighbourhoods and housing markets throughout the world. It has also divided policy-makers and communities over whether tourism in residential homes is a benign example of the so-called ‘sharing’ economy or a malignant practice which destroys neighbourhoods. These differing positions reflect alternative and changing notions of ‘home’ within wider processes of financialisation and platform capitalism. This paper examines these themes with reference to stakeholder statements solicited in response to government inquiries on how to regulate short-term rental housing in Australia.

Re-Allocation of Matrimonial Property at the Dissolution of Marriage in Zimbabwe

1990 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Welshman Ncube
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Equal Importance ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Property Regimes

Most countries of the world have at one time or another been confronted with questions of what principles or rules should guide the courts in readjusting the property rights of spouses at the dissolution of their marriage. Virtually all civilised countries have accepted marriage as an equal partnership of two legally equal individuals to which each one of them contributes in one way or another. Most policy makers agree that the partners contribute to the marriage through their division of labour and that these contributions although not equal in absolute terms are nonetheless of equal relative value to the welfare of the family.This recognition of the equal worth and equal importance of the two spouses to a marriage relationship has had profound effects on the matrimonial property regimes of numerous countries which have had to tackle the problem of the construction of a fair and equitable legal formula for the reallocation of matrimonial property rights at the dissolution of marriage. The fundamental problem has been whether a fair and equitable system is achieved by means of fixed rules of apportionment or through flexible discretionary judicial powers exercisable at the discretion of courts, in the light of the individual circumstances of each case.

scholarly journals ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF COVID-19 DATA: EVIDENCE FROM NEWCOMB-BENFORD LAW

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hrvoje Jošić ◽  
Berislav Žmuk
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Individual Country ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The World ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Benford Law ◽  
Made In

The COVID-19 infection started in Wuhan, China, spreading all over the world, creating global healthcare and economic crisis. Countries all over the world are fighting hard against this pandemic; however, there are doubts on the reported number of cases. In this paper Newcomb-Benford Law is used for the detection of possible false number of reported COVID-19 cases. The analysis, when all countries have been observed together, showed that there is a doubt that countries potentially falsify their data of new COVID-19 cases of infection intentionally. When the analysis was lowered on the individual country level, it was shown that most countries do not diminish their numbers of new COVID-19 cases deliberately. It was found that distributions of COVID-19 data for 15% to 19% of countries for the first digit analysis and 30% to 39% of countries for the last digit analysis do not conform with the Newcomb-Benford Law distribution. Further investigation should be made in this field in order to validate the results of this research. The results obtained from this paper can be important for economic and health policy makers in order to guide COVID-19 surveillance and implement public health policy measures.

scholarly journals Development of Multifactor Index for Assessing Quality of Life of a Tribal Population of India: Multilevel Analysis Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bagavandas m
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Tribal Population ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Multilevel Factor Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
The Individual

Abstract BackgroundThe main objective of this study is to develop multilevel multi-factor index to assess the quality of life of Malayali tribal population of India at the individual and village levels based on nine domains, namely, Demography, Economy, Health, Human Development, Infrastructure Development, Work Participation, Recreation, Social Capital and Self Perception. Also, an attempt is made to classify the individuals as well as villages on the basis of the overall scores of multifactor index within a community which will help policy makers to develop concrete policy recommendations for the improvement of quality of life of this tribal group.MethodMultilevel factor analysis is utilized to determine uncorrelated meaningful factors and their respective weights using Mplus software from the nested dataset consists of values of nine domains of 1096 individuals collected from 19 villages. Multilevel multifactor index is constructed using the weights of these factors. The qualities of lives of different households and of different villages are assessed using the scores of this index.ResultsThree different factors are identified at household as well as village levels. The quality of life at Households and at villages levels are classified as poor, low, moderate, good and excellent based on five quintiles of the scores of the multifactor index and the contribution of each domain in this classification is ascertained.DiscussionThis study finds that at household as well as at village levels, the quality of life of the individuals of this tribal population increases with increase in education, income and occupation status which make them to lead a healthy life and also make them to find time and money to spend on recreation. Infrastructure does not play a significant role at the house hold level whereas it is a matter at village level. ConclusionThe main purpose of developing this kind of multifactor index at different levels is to provide a tool for tribal development based on realistic data which can be used to monitor the key factors that encompass the social, health, environmental and economic dimensions of quality of lives at the individual/household and community levels of this tribal people.

THE EFFECT OF CAFFEINE ON SHORT-TERM SPATIAL LEARNING IN PERIPLANETA AMERICANA

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan D Broder ◽  
Kristen M Cattoi ◽  
William B Clinkscales ◽  
Taylor S Triana
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Individual Trial ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Time Required

The American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, has been used extensively in recent years to study aspects of the complex vertebrate nervous system as a simple and accessible invertebrate model. This experiment examined the effects of caffeine on short-term spatial learning in cockroaches using a modified Barnes maze. Prior to every trial, the treatment group was injected with a caffeine solution and the control group was injected with a saline solution. The amount of time required for the cockroach to complete the maze during the initial learning trial was recorded. One hour later, the amount of time required for the subjects to complete a second memory trial was also recorded. A one-tailed t-test between the individual trial times for the control group established that learning had occurred. A two-tailed t¬-test between the individual trial times for the treatment group showed no significant difference. A t-test of means compared the difference in maze completion times between the groups and proved there was a significant difference. Therefore, caffeine did not positively affect short-term spatial learning in cockroaches.

Writing in Aphasia Rehabilitation: Cursive vs Manuscript

1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Boone ◽  
Harold M. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Correct Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
Read Aloud ◽  
Writing Style ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Manual Responses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Written Form ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Read Number

Reading and writing performance was observed in 30 adult aphasic patients to determine whether there was a significant difference when stimuli and manual responses were varied in the written form: cursive versus manuscript. Patients were asked to read aloud 10 words written cursively and 10 words written in manuscript form. They were then asked to write on dictation 10 word responses using cursive writing and 10 words using manuscript writing. Number of words correctly read, number of words correctly written, and number of letters correctly written in the proper sequence were tallied for both cursive and manuscript writing tasks for each patient. Results indicated no significant difference in correct response between cursive and manuscript writing style for these aphasic patients as a group; however, it was noted that individual patients varied widely in their success using one writing form over the other. It appeared that since neither writing form showed better facilitation of performance, the writing style used should be determined according to the individual patient’s own preference and best performance.

New walls to keep the bad out: populism and the totalitarian psyche

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-130
Author(s):  
Coline Covington
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Berlin Wall ◽  
Group Solidarity ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
Psychological Understanding ◽  
Psychic Development ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Cold War

The Berlin Wall came down on 9 November 1989 and marked the end of the Cold War. As old antagonisms thawed a new landscape emerged of unification and tolerance. Censorship was no longer the principal means of ensuring group solidarity. The crumbling bricks brought not only freedom of movement but freedom of thought. Now, nearly thirty years later, globalisation has created a new balance of power, disrupting borders and economies across the world. The groups that thought they were in power no longer have much of a say and are anxious about their future. As protest grows, we are beginning to see that the old antagonisms have not disappeared but are, in fact, resurfacing. This article will start by looking at the dissembling of a marriage in which the wall that had peacefully maintained coexistence disintegrates and leads to a psychic development that uncannily mirrors that of populism today. The individual vignette leads to a broader psychological understanding of the totalitarian dynamic that underlies populism and threatens once again to imprison us within its walls.

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