Airbnb, Platform Capitalism and the Globalised Home

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-118
Author(s):  
Nicole Gurran ◽  
◽  
Pranita Shrestha ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rental Housing ◽  
Housing Markets ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Residential Homes ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The World ◽  
The Many

Airbnb, the most ubiquitous of the many online short-term rental platforms offering residential homes to tourists, has infiltrated local neighbourhoods and housing markets throughout the world. It has also divided policy-makers and communities over whether tourism in residential homes is a benign example of the so-called ‘sharing’ economy or a malignant practice which destroys neighbourhoods. These differing positions reflect alternative and changing notions of ‘home’ within wider processes of financialisation and platform capitalism. This paper examines these themes with reference to stakeholder statements solicited in response to government inquiries on how to regulate short-term rental housing in Australia.

Airbnb and the rent gap: Gentrification through the sharing economy

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1147-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wachsmuth ◽  
Alexander Weisler
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
Housing Markets ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Property Income

Airbnb and other short-term rental services are a topic of increasing concern for urban researchers, policymakers, and activists, because of the fear that short-term rentals are facilitating gentrification. This article presents a framework for analyzing the relationship between short-term rentals and gentrification, an exploratory case study of New York City, and an agenda for future research. We argue that Airbnb has introduced a new potential revenue flow into housing markets which is systematic but geographically uneven, creating a new form of rent gap in culturally desirable and internationally recognizable neighborhoods. This rent gap can emerge quickly—in advance of any declining property income—and requires minimal new capital to be exploited by a range of different housing actors, from developers to landlords, tenants, and homeowners. Performing spatial analysis on three years of Airbnb activity in New York City, we measure new capital flows into the short-term rental market, identify neighborhoods whose housing markets have already been significantly impacted by short term, identify neighborhoods which are increasingly under threat of Airbnb-induced gentrification, and estimate the amount of rental housing lost to Airbnb. Finally, we conclude by offering a research agenda on gentrification and the sharing economy.

scholarly journals Water and Energy nexus: findings of the World Water Development Report 2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 366 ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
M. Miletto
Keyword(s):  
Policy Makers ◽  
Water Development ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The World ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Many

Abstract. The post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) are likely to include increased access to water and energy services. The fifth edition of the United Nations World Water Development Report (WWDR) Water and Energy aims to contribute to the this international process by informing the decision-making about the interlinkages, potential synergies and trade-offs as well as by stressing the need for appropriate responses and regulatory frameworks that account for both water and energy priorities. The Report provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the impacts of ever-increasing energy production on water resources and water users, including agriculture, rapidly expanding cities, expanding industry and the environment. It analyses major and emerging trends from around the world, with examples of how some of the trend-related challenges have been addressed, their implications for policy-makers, and further actions that can be taken by stakeholders and the international community. As the first of a new series of theme-oriented reports to be released on an annual basis, the WWDR 2014 marks a pivotal new direction for the WWDR series, for the World Water Assessment Programme (WWAP), and the many partner agencies that contribute substantially in the production of the flagship report of UN-Water.

Rehearsing post-Covid-19 citizenship: Social representations and social practices in UK mutual aid groups

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Jane O'Dwyer ◽  
Beascoechea-Seguí ◽  
Luiz Silva Souza
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Crisis Response ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The World ◽  
Practical Implications

People across the world have responded to the pandemic by mobilising and organising to support their communities, setting up mutual aid groups to provide practical, financial, and social support. Mutual aid means short-term ‘crisis response’ for some, while for other groups, it is a chance to radically restructure society, and what it means to be a member of that society. We applied a social representations lens to examine the ways in which citizenship was understood and performed by members of UK Covid-19 mutual aid groups. Interviews were conducted with 29 members of these groups. A reflexive thematic analysis developed three conceptualisations of citizenship: (1) human rights-based citizenship, untied to concerns around ‘deservingness’ or legal status; (2) neoliberal citizenship, to which participants oriented pragmatically in order to claim their group’s legitimacy at the same time as they rejected its individualism; and (3) resistant citizenship, which captured the tension between working within/with existing political structures, or working outside/against them. Findings are discussed in relation to previous theoretical and empirical work and practical implications for policy makers and local government are set out.

Asymmetrien in der Wohnungspolitik reduzieren

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Just
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Housing Markets ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Policy ◽  
Policy Mix ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Energy Emissions ◽  
Outward Migration

AbstractThere are four major challenges for housing policy in the near and midterm future: First, rents in many German conurbations have been rising significantly faster than incomes over the last five years. Though it can rightly be argued, that the suggested policies of the new German federal government are less detrimental than often perceived by real estate professionals, it must be feared that policy makers have underestimated indirect negative effects for both housing and labour markets. Still, what is more important, is that the current discussion on housing policies is focused on the short term putative misallocations, and to a significant lesser extent on the other three structural challenges of the German housing markets, i. e. increasing vacancies in outward-migration areas, severe lack of „low-barrier“- housing for seniors and a need to reduce energy emissions in the property stock. This asymmetry is unintelligible, as markets can comparatively easily deal with the first short-term challenge, provided supply-elasticities are increased. However, the other three challenges are to a large extent due to externalities, and this implies that markets cannot easily correct imbalances. It would therefore be important to rebalance the current policy-mix and debate.

The Impact of Airbnb on Long-Term Rental Housing: The Case of Ljubljana

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-158
Author(s):  
Polona Obrč ◽  
◽  
Boštjan Kerbler ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rental Housing ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Large Share ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Residential Characteristics ◽  
Direct Competition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Overnight Stays

Airbnb has become a fixture in the development of global cities. It especially impacts cities’ residential characteristics. The company works with the concept of the sharing economy, the essence of which is the exchange of services or goods between individuals who set the rules of operation without generating profits, but together generate more revenue. It insists that it does not represent a form of direct competition with other urban accommodation services and that it merely seeks to expand the tourism market. Nonetheless, this article proceeds from the assumption that Airbnb is influencing and transforming the housing market of the cities it operates in. It focuses on Ljubljana, which until 2019 had a record number of international arrivals and overnight stays. The findings confirm that short-term Airbnb rentals have affected the long-term rental market in Ljubljana. They also show that a very large share of rentals through Airbnb take place in the grey economy. However, the analysis of cases from selected European cities showed that, in addition to the drawbacks described, Airbnb also has positive effects on the development of cities. It is therefore necessary to accept and adapt appropriately to this global phenomenon through specific measures, such as those proposed in the conclusion for Ljubljana.

A flexible pipeline dream: Iran’s LNG goals

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 542-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Shokri Kalehsar
Keyword(s):  
Global Market ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Take The Best ◽  
Plan B ◽  
Oil Diplomacy ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Many ◽  
Bargaining Table ◽  
Made In

It is no secret that Iran has expressed interest in becoming a leading producer of LNG. Although currently not a producer at all, the country has made it repeatedly that transporting its gas reserves by sea is the best logical short-term goal vis-a-vis the many geopolitical, technical, and financial obstacles set against its international pipeline projects, which will take the best part of a decade to come to fruition, if at all. However, this by no means makes LNG a plan-B in the minds of policy-makers. LNG carries with it a unique set of advantages which make it a much-sought asset in oil diplomacy: Simply put, unlike with pipeline transit, suppliers can send their shipments wherever the price is right, making LNG supplies a “flexible pipeline” which will no doubt have an impact at the bargaining table. Indeed, it is not only investment and infrastructure which Iran needs to reclaim its position on the global market, but a comprehensive oil diplomacy to consolidate any headway made in the post-sanctions era.

Digital marketing in tourism: why Greek tourists use digital marketing applications like Airbnb

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lambros Tsourgiannis ◽  
Stavros Valsamidis
Keyword(s):  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Digital Marketing ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Marketing Application ◽  
Tourism Sector

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the attitudes of tourists toward digital marketing applications related to peer-to-peer short-term rental services within the sharing economy in the tourism sector. It aims to identify the factors that make Greek tourists to use these applications and to classify them into groups according to their attitudes toward these websites and to profile each group of tourists according to their personal and demographic characteristics and their preferences regarding their holidays/travel. Design/methodology/approach A primary survey was conducted in April 2018 for a random selected sample of Greek tourists. Principal component analysis was conducted to identify the main factors that affect tourists in using digital marketing application related to peer-to-peer short-term rental services within the sharing economy in the tourism sector. Cluster analysis was performed to classify tourists into groups according to their attitudes toward the use of these websites while discriminant analysis was conducted to check cluster predictability. Non-parametric tests, including the chi-square test, were performed to profile each strategic group according to their demographic characteristics and their preferences regarding their holidays/travel. Findings The study classified tourists into three groups, i.e. pioneers, convenience seekers and conscious, according to their attitudes toward the use of such applications. Research limitations/implications The choice for the Greek context of the research is justified by the fact that Greece has suffered from recession in the last decade, but it is also a tourism-friendly country. The empirical results of this pioneer study should trigger further investigation. Although tourists’ behavior towards the adoption of digital marketing application related to peer-to-peer rental services within the sharing economy in the tourism sector might be culturally specific and the results are mainly applicable in the Greek market, they could be generalized in other countries with similar characteristics in both Greece and other parts with similar characteristics. Practical implications Tourists are extremely important both for developers and policy makers in tourism industry. For developers such information is important because the expectation of viable markets will motivate investments. For policy makers, this type of information will help them to respond more adequately through regulation tools and programs. From a practical perspective, the tourism operators may benefit from focusing on their differentiating features and aligning their marketing communication with their tourists’ aspirations by developing, optimizing and customizing their websites according to the needs of the customers and the extension of touristic activities to other sectors of tourism industry. Social implications Visitors who choose Airbnb accommodations spend more days travelling; consequently, the market size of the tourism industry expands from the increase in the number of visitors. Originality/value The originality of the paper derives from the understanding of the tourists’ behavior toward the adoption of digital marketing applications related to peer-to-peer rental services within the sharing economy in the tourism sector. More specifically, it identifies the factors that make Greek tourists to use those applications, classifies them into groups according to their attitudes towards those websites and profiles each group of tourists according to their personal and demographic characteristics and their preferences regarding their holidays/travel.

An Empirical Examination of Financial Pattern of Infrastructure Sectors in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 221-227
Author(s):  
Manjunatha T. ◽  
Vikas K M.
Keyword(s):  
Financial Data ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
Infrastructure Finance ◽  
Financing Pattern ◽  
The Individual

Governments around the world have realized that development of infrastructure require huge capital and governments’ revenues are not adequate to develop the required infrastructure. Finance is an essential part of infrastructure development. Whether it is government, public or private sectors which undertake to develop infrastructure, they require different forms of finance. Understanding the financing patterns of companies is an empirical issue. This paper aims at ascertaining the financing patterns of infrastructure companies. We use the financial data of 306 Indian companies in different sectors in India and present the analysis of financing pattern for four sectors. Financing pattern of sample companies has been studied by using 20 different ratios. Result shows that the financing patterns in the construction, steel, cement and power sectors companies in India have used more debt, that too short term debt, to finance their assets as well the operations. Companies in most of these sectors have not been able to generate adequate revenues to service the debts. The result also shows that there is a significant difference in the financing pattern of different infrastructure sectors. The results of the study may be used by investors, policy makers, researchers. Further study may be undertaken to analyse the individual companies in each sector to know the financing pattern.

scholarly journals Productive Housing: Spatial Structuring and Social Division in Urban Centers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Esguevillas ◽  
◽  
Luz Carruthers ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Accelerated Expansion ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Social Division ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Welfare State

This paper examines the way in which Airbnb dynamics are changing spatial and social conditions in urban centers. A comparative study of the situation in three important global metropolis—New York, London and Barcelona—provides an approach to analyzing how policymakers struggle to control the accelerated expansion of the short-term rental housing platform, under the scrutiny of the public. It aims to foster a broader understanding of the impact of the sharing economy in the realm of housing, in a context of economic globalization and decline of the welfare state, where advances in technology meet with sociological and generational shifts in behavior.

scholarly journals Urban Zoning for Sustainable Tourism: A Continuum of Accommodation to Enhance City Resilience

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7317
Author(s):  
Chung-Yim Yiu ◽  
Ka-Shing Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Gear Up ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Exclusionary Zoning ◽  
Current Disruption ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Options Value

While governments around the world are embarking on the path to recovery from the COVID-19 crisis, sustainable tourism planning is crucial, in particular in the hospitality sector, which enhances the resilience of destinations. However, many destination management models overlook the role of urban zoning. Little is known about the impacts of land-use zoning on the hospitality and property industries, especially with the current disruption of short-term peer-to-peer accommodation like Airbnb. Euclidean zoning, also known as effects-based planning, has long been criticised in destination management for its exclusionary nature and lack of flexibility. With exclusionary zoning, property owners may only be able to use their land sub-optimally, and cities will be less efficient in responding to market changes in short-term and long-term accommodation demands, but planning intentions can be better controlled, and the property supply can be more stable. Taking Hong Kong as a noteworthy case, this study puts forward a conceptual framework that enables comparison of a novel zoning approach with the traditional zoning approach. This novel zoning approach encompasses both the short- and long-term rental sectors as a continuum of accommodation, ranging from hotels and serviced apartments to Airbnb and rental housing units under a unified regulatory and planning regime to enhance the switching options value. This novel zoning system can gear up the tourism sector with the rapid growth of the sharing economy and aligns with sustainable tourism to ensure long-term socioeconomic benefits to related stakeholders. We extract the data of Airbnb listings to construct the first Airbnb ADR Index (ADRI) by Repeat-sales method, and the results support our Switching Option Hypothesis.

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