scholarly journals Continuous Separation Process of Water-in-Crude Oil Emulsion by Simultaneous Application of an Electrical Field Combined with a Novel Absorbent Based on Functionalised PolyHIPE Polymer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-113
Author(s):  
Dr. Abbas K. Algburi
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Inlet Flow ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Inlet Flow Rate ◽  
Electrostatic Separator ◽  
Oil Emulsions

During the extraction process of crude oil, the removal of water from a high stability water-in-crude oil emulsions is life-threatening for the production of a profitable product. However, several technologies of separation exist today, e.g. stripping columns, centrifugal separators, coalescence separators, vacuum distillation systems and gravity separators, almost all of these approaches are not able to completely remove water from water-in-crude oil emulsions besides their high cost. In this study, the preparation of a high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) was achieved on a laboratory scale. Subsequently, it was polymerized and sulphonated to produce a hydrophilic macroporous polyHIPE polymer (PHP) called silane (vinyl trimethoxy silane) PHP with a relatively high surface area of 104 m 2/g. It demonstrates high water absorption capability in addition to its ability to remove surface active substances such as Mg, Ca, Na and Cl, from crude oil which cause crude oil emulsification. The rates of demulsification of water-in-crude oil emulsions were examined in high AC field under various emulsion inlet flow rates from 100 ml/min to 1500 ml/min and different applied voltages from 1-5 kV (equivalent to 14-69 kV/m) by using a model of an electrostatic separator combined with silane PHP as absorber. It was found that the best separation efficiency was 91% with applied voltage of 5 kV and emulsion inlet flow rate of 100 ml/min. When the spent silane PHP was reused in the demulsification process under similar conditions, a separation efficiency of up to 73% was achieved. Also, it was noticed that the separation efficiency was increased with the increase in applied voltage and reduction in the inlet flow rate of emulsion. Moreover, the original or spent silane PHP were able to remove the undesired metals present in the crude oil. Keywords: Demulsification; Emulsion flow rate; Separation efficiency; Electrostatic Separator;  Electric field strength.

Study on Hydrocyclone Part of Integration Equipment Used to Pretreatment on High Turbidity Silt Water

2015 ◽  
Vol 1092-1093 ◽  
pp. 927-932
Author(s):  
Dao Ji Wu ◽  
Pei Shi Sun ◽  
Jian Peng Shao ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Cheng Long Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Water Medium ◽  
Inlet Flow ◽  
Silt Content ◽  
Inlet Flow Rate ◽  
High Turbidity ◽  
Medium Diameter

The silt content of inlet A, inlet flow B and underflow diameter C were the important factors on the separation efficiency of the hydrocyclone, using hydrocyclone for pretreatment of high turbidity silt water. The silt content of inlet selected 5 kg/m3, 4.5 kg/m3, 3 kg/m3, 2.5 kg/m3. Inlet flow rate selected 2.5 m3/h, 2.2 m3/h, 1.8 m3/h, 1.5 m3/h. The optimal solution selected B2A1C2,which was 2.5 m3/h, 2.5 kg/m3and 10 mm. The effects of various factors on the hydrocyclone separation were summarized objectively through the analysis of silt content of overflow and particle size. The result showed that: when the silt content of inlet was kept in a certain range, the medium diameter of overflow decreased to 18μm with the inlet flow rate increasing. Condensed bottle silt can discharged successfully, and the overflow water medium diameter decreased gradually with underflow diameter increasing.

Demulsification of a Water-in-crude Oil Emulsion with a Corn Oil BasedDemulsifier using the Response Surface Methodology: Modelling and Optimization

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abed Saad ◽  
Nour Abdurahman ◽  
Rosli Mohd Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Oil Emulsions

: In this study, the Sany-glass test was used to evaluate the performance of a new surfactant prepared from corn oil as a demulsifier for crude oil emulsions. Central composite design (CCD), based on the response surface methodology (RSM), was used to investigate the effect of four variables, including demulsifier dosage, water content, temperature, and pH, on the efficiency of water removal from the emulsion. As well, analysis of variance was applied to examine the precision of the CCD mathematical model. The results indicate that demulsifier dose and emulsion pH are two significant parameters determining demulsification. The maximum separation efficiency of 96% was attained at an alkaline pH and with 3500 ppm demulsifier. According to the RSM analysis, the optimal values for the input variables are 40% water content, 3500 ppm demulsifier, 60 °C, and pH 8.

scholarly journals Investigation of the transport characteristics of Pb(II) in sand-bone char columns

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 003685042110236
Author(s):  
Gang Li ◽  
Jinli Zhang ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
Tao Luo ◽  
Yu Xi
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Column Height ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Complexation Reaction ◽  
Bone Char ◽  
Inlet Flow ◽  
Inlet Flow Rate

Pb(II) leakage from batteries, dyes, construction materials, and gasoline threaten human health and environmental safety, and suitable adsorption materials are vitally important for Pb(II) removal. Bone char is an outstanding adsorbent material for water treatment, and the effectiveness in Pb(II) removing need to be verified. In this paper, the transport characteristics of Pb(II) in columns filled with a sand and bone char mixture were studied at the laboratory scale, and the influences of the initial concentration, column height, inlet flow rate, and competing ion Cu(II) on Pb(II) adsorption and transport were analyzed. The Thomas and Dose-Response models were used to predict the test results, and the mechanisms of Pb(II) adsorption on bone char were investigated. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of the bone char increased with increasing column height and decreased with increasing initial Pb(II) concentration, flow rate, and Cu(II) concentration. The maximum adsorption capacity reached 38.466 mg/g and the saturation rate was 95.8% at an initial Pb(II) concentration of 200 mg/L, inlet flow rate of 4 mL/min, and column height of 30 cm. In the competitive binary system, the higher the Cu(II) concentration was, the greater the decreases in the breakthrough and termination times, and the faster the decrease in the Pb(II) adsorption capacity of the bone char. The predicted results of the Dose-Response model agreed well with the experimental results and were significantly better than those of the Thomas model. The main mechanisms of Pb(II) adsorption on bone char include a surface complexation reaction and the decomposition-replacement-precipitation of calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA). Based on selectivity, sensitivity, and cost analyses, it can be concluded that bone char is a potential adsorbent for Pb(II)-containing wastewater treatment.

Research on the Removal Results of Hydrogen Sulfide of the Treatment of Coal Gasification Wastewater Biogas in the Anaerobic Biotrickling Filter

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 2000-2005
Author(s):  
Chun Yan Xu ◽  
Hong Jun Han
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Inlet Flow ◽  
H2s Removal ◽  
Outlet Concentration ◽  
Volume Load ◽  
Inlet Flow Rate

The uncertainty of operating parameters hinders the practical application of the biological desulfurization. To solve this problem, this study which was conducted in room temperature, pH around seven conditions, investigated the effects of the operating parameters on the hydrogen sulfide (H2S) removal performance in the biotrickling filter, including inlet H2S concentration, inlet flow rate or gas retention time, inlet volume load and circulating liquid spraying flux. The results showed that, the inlet H2S concentration should be controlled within 800mg/m3, 650mg/m3, 400mg/m3, 300mg/m3 respectively while the inlet flow rate was 150L/h, 200L/h, 250L/h, 300L/h, at those conditions, the outlet H2S concentrations were lower than 8mg/m3 and the H2S removal efficiencies were more than 98%. The optimum gas retention time was 12.37s, corresponding to the inlet flow rate of 200L/h, at this time, even if the inlet H2S concentration as high as 700mg/m3, the removal efficiency could be still more than 98%, the outlet concentration of H2S was only 13.1mg/m3. The maximum inlet volume load was 130g/(m3•h), in this condition, the outlet concentration of H2S could be controlled below 12mg/m3, the removal efficiency could above 98.4%.

A new method for prediction of the acoustic performance and design parameter sensitivity analysis of multi-chamber perforated resonators with an irregular cross-section

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Rong Guo ◽  
Zanzan Sun ◽  
Zhen Huang ◽  
Rui Luo
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Prediction ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
New Method ◽  
Frequency Noise ◽  
Acoustic Characteristics ◽  
Inlet Flow ◽  
Acoustic Performance ◽  
Inlet Flow Rate ◽  
Prediction Approach

Abstract Aiming at reducing the high-amplitude and wide-frequency noise in charged air intake system of the powertrain, this paper proposes a new method for predicting the acoustic characteristics of an irregular cross-section multi-chamber perforated resonator under flow conditions. By this method, the presence of three-dimensional sound waves and the effects of higher-order modes are considered, and the acoustic performance of the resonator can be evaluated through the computation of transmission loss. Moreover, by discretizing the cross-section of perforated resonator and extracting node information, this method can solve the acoustic characteristics of the perforated resonator with any cross-section. Based on the transfer matrix method, the quadrupole parameters of each chamber are obtained. Then the acoustic characteristics of the multi-chamber perforated resonator could be calculated. The theoretical prediction data and the experimental data have been compared and the results show good agreement within the entire frequency range, which verifies the accuracy of the theoretical prediction approach. Based on this prediction approach, the influence of section ratio, structure parameters and inlet flow rate on the acoustic characteristics of the resonator is explored. The results show that when the structural parameters change, the peak resonance frequency of the resonator will have a regular shift. With the increase of the inlet flow rate, the main frequency band of sound attenuation will decrease significantly. The theoretical method developed in this work can be used for the calculation and optimization of multi-chamber resonators in various applications.

Flow Analysis of a Hydrocyclone Designed to High Oil Content Application

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Raposo ◽  
A. O. Nieckele
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Turbulence Models ◽  
Reynolds Stress Model ◽  
Tangential Component ◽  
Inlet Flow ◽  
Unit Process ◽  
Inlet Flow Rate

Development of small size and weight separation equipment are crucial for the petroleum off-shore exploration. Since centrifugal fields are several times stronger than the gravity field, cyclonic separation has became very important as a unit process for compact gas-liquid, liquid-liquid and solid-liquid separation. The major difference between the various cyclones is their geometry. Cyclone optimization for different uses is, every year, less based on experiments and more based on mathematical models. In the present work, the flow field inside high oil content hydrocyclones is numerically obtained with FLUENT. The performance of two turbulence models, Reynolds Stress Model (RSM) and Large Eddy Simulation (LES), to predict the flow inside a high oil content hydrocyclone, is investigated by comparing the results with experimental data available in the literature. All models overpredicted the tangential component, especially at the reverse cone region. However, the prediction of the tangential turbulent fluctuations with LES was significant better than the RSM prediction. The influences of the inlet flow rate and hydrocyclone length in the flow were also evaluated. RSM model was able to foresee correctly, in agreement with experimental data, the correct tendency of pressure drop reduction with decreasing inlet flow rate and increasing length.

scholarly journals hydrocyclone Performance Comparison between Recycled Single Stage and Double Stage Hydrocyclones

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Mohannad A. Raheem ◽  
Raghad F. Qassim
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Modes Of Operation ◽  
Split Ratio ◽  
Inlet Flow Rate ◽  
Water Feed ◽  
The Cost

   This research presents a comparison of performance between recycled single stage and double stage hydrocyclones in separating water from water/kerosene emulsion. The comparison included several factors such as: inlet flow rate (3,5,7,9, and 11 L/min), water feed concentration (5% and 15% by volume), and split ratio (0.1 and 0.9). The comparison extended to include the recycle operation; once and twice recycles. The results showed that increasing flow rate as well as the split ratio enhancing the separation efficiency for the two modes of operation. On the contrary, reducing the feed concentration gave high efficiencies for the modes. The operation with two cycles was more efficient than one cycle. The maximum obtained efficiencies were 97% and 97.5% at 5% concentration, 11 L/min, and 0.9 split ratio for twice recycled single stage and double stage hydrocyclones, respectively. The pressure drop was the same for the two modes of operation. It was concluded that using recycled single stage hydrocyclone was more economical since it reduced the cost of additional hydrocyclone.

scholarly journals Numerical Study of Bubble Rising and Coalescence Characteristics under Flow Pulsation Based on Particle Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ronghua Chen ◽  
Minghao Zhang ◽  
Kailun Guo ◽  
Dawei Zhao ◽  
Wenxi Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Flow Instability ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Flow Pulsation ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Inlet Flow ◽  
Inlet Flow Rate ◽  
Bubble Rising

Two-phase flow instability may occur in nuclear reactor systems, which is often accompanied by periodic fluctuation in fluid flow rate. In this study, bubble rising and coalescence characteristics under inlet flow pulsation condition are analyzed based on the MPS-MAFL method. To begin with, the single bubble rising behavior under flow pulsation condition was simulated. The simulation results show that the bubble shape and rising velocity fluctuate periodically as same as the inlet flow rate. Additionally, the bubble pairs’ coalescence behavior under flow pulsation condition was simulated and compared with static condition results. It is found that the coalescence time of bubble pairs slightly increased under the pulsation condition, and then the bubbles will continue to pulsate with almost the same period as the inlet flow rate after coalescence. In view of these facts, this study could offer theory support and method basis to a better understanding of the two-phase flow configuration under flow pulsation condition.

Application of Sonic Nozzle in Unsteady Flow Rate Generating System for Compressible Fluid

2014 ◽  
Vol 496-500 ◽  
pp. 703-706
Author(s):  
Xiao Xin Wang ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Jun Zheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Unsteady Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Compressible Fluid ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Inlet Flow ◽  
Sonic Nozzle ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Inlet Flow Rate ◽  
Generating System

To meet the requirement of unsteady flow rate generating system for compressible fluid, an inlet flow rate control method with sonic nozzle is proposed. When inlet flow rate is known, feedback of unsteady flow rate can be obtained by an isothermal tank. A proper sonic nozzle is designed according to the technical requirements, and the flow rate is calculated. Open loop experiments are carried out on generating system with and without sonic nozzle. The results indicate that influence of downstream on upstream can be greatly reduced by the designed sonic nozzle, and accurate feedback of unsteady flow rate is ensured.

Large eddy simulation of an axial pump with coupled flow rate calculation using the sharp interface immersed boundary method

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 2253-2276
Author(s):  
Mohammad Haji Mohammadi ◽  
Joshua R. Brinkerhoff
Keyword(s):  
Large Eddy Simulation ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Immersed Boundary Method ◽  
Sharp Interface ◽  
Immersed Boundary ◽  
Inlet Flow ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Eddy Simulation ◽  
Inlet Flow Rate ◽  
Large Eddy

Purpose Turbomachinery, including pumps, are mainly designed to extract/produce energy from/to the flow. A major challenge in the numerical simulation of turbomachinery is the inlet flow rate, which is routinely treated as a known boundary condition for simulation purposes but is properly a dependent output of the solution. As a consequence, the results from numerical simulations may be erroneous due to the incorrect specification of the discharge flow rate. Moreover, the transient behavior of the pumps in their initial states of startup and final states of shutoff phases has not been studied numerically. This paper aims to develop a coupled procedure for calculating the transient inlet flow rate as a part of the solution via application of the control volume method for linear momentum. Large eddy simulation of a four-blade axial hydraulic pump is carried out to calculate the forces at every time step. The sharp interface immersed boundary method is used to resolve the flow around the complex geometry of the propeller, stator and the pipe casing. The effect of the spurious pressure fluctuations, inherent in the sharp interface immersed boundary method, is damped by local time-averaging of the forces. The developed code is validated by comparing the steady-state volumetric flow rate with the experimental data provided by the pump manufacturer. The instantaneous and time-averaged flow fields are also studied to reveal the flow pattern and turbulence characteristics in the pump flow field. Design/methodology/approach The authors use control volume analysis for linear momentum to simulate the discharge rate as part of the solution in a large eddy simulation of an axial hydraulic pump. The linear momentum balance equation is used to update the inlet flow rate. The sharp interface immersed boundary method with dynamic Smagorinsky sub-grid stress model and a proper wall model is used. Findings The steady-state volumetric flow rate has been computed and validated by comparing to the flow rate specified by the manufacturer at the simulation conditions, which shows a promising result. The instantaneous and time averaged flow fields are also studied to reveal the flow pattern and turbulence characteristics in the pump flow field. Originality/value An approach is proposed for computing the volumetric flow rate as a coupled part of the flow solution, enabling the simulation of turbomachinery at all phases, including the startup/shutdown phase. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first large eddy simulation of a hydraulic pump to calculate the transient inlet flow rate as a part of the solution rather than specifying it as a fixed boundary condition. The method serves as a numerical framework for simulating problems incorporating complex shapes with moving/stationary parts at all regimes including the transient start-up and shut-down phases.

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