scholarly journals Physicochemical Characterization and FTIR Spectroscopic Study of Pectin from Bombax ceiba (Bamta) Fruit

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-91
Author(s):  
Eneche Edogbo Jude ◽  
Ibrahim Iliya Nkafamiya ◽  
Dimas Blessed Jen ◽  
Isaac Ernest
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Citric Acid Buffer ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Temperature Time

Pectin is a naturally occurring biopolymer which can be used for food and pharmaceutical applications. In this study the effect of temperature, time and pH on the yield, physicochemical characteristics of pectin extracted from Bombax ceiba fruits was investigated. The extraction of pectin was done using citric acid buffer followed by 96% alcohol precipitation. The optimum temperature, time and pH for the  extraction of pectin were determined to be 85 °C, 90 min and 2.0, respectively. The yield of pectin under these optimum conditions was found to be 16.35%. The physicochemical properties determined under these optimum conditions were found to be; equivalent weight; 765.40 mg/mol, methoxyl content: 6.62%, anhydrouronic acid content; 65.25%, degree of esterification; 72.45%, moisture content; 1.30% and ashcontent; 0.60% for Bombax ceiba fruits extracted pectin, respectively. FTIR was also utilized for characterizing the pectins. Generally, the findings of the study showed that the pectin extracted from Bombax ceiba fruit can find industrial applications, especially in food processing and pharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals Biocatalytic Synthesis of D-Allulose Using Novel D-Tagatose 3-Epimerase From Christensenella minuta

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Yuvaraj Ravikumar ◽  
Guoyan Zhang ◽  
Junhua Yun ◽  
Yufei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Immature Stage ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Rare Sugars ◽  
Good Number

D-allulose, which is one of the important rare sugars, has gained significant attention in the food and pharmaceutical industries as a potential alternative to sucrose and fructose. Enzymes belonging to the D-tagatose 3-epimerase (DTEase) family can reversibly catalyze the epimerization of D-fructose at the C3 position and convert it into D-allulose by a good number of naturally occurring microorganisms. However, microbial synthesis of D-allulose is still at its immature stage in the industrial arena, mostly due to the preference of slightly acidic conditions for Izumoring reactions. Discovery of novel DTEase that works at acidic conditions is highly preferred for industrial applications. In this study, a novel DTEase, DTE-CM, capable of catalyzing D-fructose into D-allulose was applications. In this study, a novel DTEase, DTE-CM, capable of catalyzing D-fructose into D-allulose was DTE-CM on D-fructose was found to be remarkably influenced and modulated by the type of metal ions (co-factors). The DTE-CM on D-fructose was found to be remarkably influenced and modulated by the type of metal ions (co-factors). The 50°C from 0.5 to 3.5 h at a concentration of 0.1 mM. The enzyme exhibited its maximum catalytic activity on D-fructose at pH 6.0 and 50°C from 0.5 to 3.5 h at a concentration of 0.1 mM. The enzyme exhibited its maximum catalytic activity on -fructose at pH 6.0 and 50°C with a Kcat/Km value of 45 mM−1min−1. The 500 g/L D-fructose, which corresponded to 30% conversion rate. With these interesting catalytic properties, this enzyme could be a promising candidate for industrial biocatalytic applications.

Flavonoids as Potential Therapeutic Agents for the Management of Diabetic Neuropathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (42) ◽  
pp. 5468-5487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankita Sood ◽  
Bimlesh Kumar ◽  
Sachin Kumar Singh ◽  
Pankaj Prashar ◽  
Anamika Gautam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Secondary Complications ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Flavonoids are secondary metabolites that are widely distributed in plants. These phenolic compounds are classified into various subgroups based on their structures: flavones, flavonols, isoflavones, flavanones, and anthocyanins. They are known to perform various pharmacological actions like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, antidiabetic and antiallergic, etc. Diabetes is a chronic progressive metabolic disorder that affects several biochemical pathways and leads to secondary complications such as neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, and cardiomyopathy. Among them, the management of diabetic neuropathy is one of the major challenges for physicians as well as the pharmaceutical industries. Naturally occurring flavonoids are extensively used for the treatment of diabetes and its related complications due to their antioxidant properties. Moreover, flavonoids inhibit various pathways that are involved in the progression of diabetic neuropathy like the reduction of oxidative stress, decrease in glycogenolysis, increase glucose utilization, decrease in the formation of advanced glycation end products, and inhibition of the α-glucosidase enzyme. This review entails current updates on the therapeutic perspectives of flavonoids in the treatment of neuropathic pain. This manuscript explains the pathological aspects of neuropathic pain, the chemistry of flavonoids, and their application in amelioration of neuropathic pain through preclinical studies either alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents.

scholarly journals Effect of temperature gradient on heavy quark anti-quark potential using gravity dual model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Ganesh ◽  
M Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Gluon Plasma ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Dual Model ◽  
Thermal Gradients ◽  
Imaginary Time ◽  
Thermal Systems ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Quark Potential ◽  
Stationary Approximation

Abstract Thermal systems have traditionally been modeled via Euclideanized space by analytical continuation of time to an imaginary time. We extend the concept to static thermal gradients by recasting the temperature variation as a variation in the Euclidean metric. We apply this prescription to determine the Quark anti-Quark potential in a system with thermal gradient. A naturally occurring QCD medium with thermal gradients is a Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP). However, the QGP evolves in time. Hence, we use a quasi-stationary approximation, which is applicable only if the rate of time evolution is slow. Hence the application of our proposal to a Quark anti-Quark potential in QGP can be seen as a step towards a more exact theory which would incorporate time varying thermal gradients. The effect of a static temperature gradient on the Quark anti-Quark potential is analyzed using a gravity dual model. A non-uniform black string metric is developed, by perturbing the Schwarzchild metric, which allows to incorporate the temperature gradient in the dual AdS space. Finally, an expression for the Quark anti-Quark potential, in the presence of a static temperature gradient, is derived.

Kaempferol Extraction from Cuscuta reflexa using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Separation of Kaempferol from the Extracts

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranabendu Mitra ◽  
Kyu -Seob Chang ◽  
Dae-Seok Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Supercritical Co2 Extraction ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Cuscuta Reflexa ◽  
Optimal Processing ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Temperature Time ◽  
Central Composite

Kaempferol, a strong antioxidant, was extracted from Cuscuta reflexa (a medicinal plant) using supercritical CO2 and separated using thin-layer chromatography, column chromatography and HPLC analysis. A rotatable central composite design was used to determine the influence of process variables and arrive at optimal processing conditions in the supercritical CO2 extraction process of kaempferol. The kaempferol yield was effectively modelled as a function of the independent variables (temperature, time and pressure). The kaempferol yield increased with the increasing of temperature and time and decreasing of pressure of the supercritical CO2 extraction process. The predicted kaempferol yield at the optimum point was 52.92 µg/g and the optimum conditions were 50.7°C for 132.6 min and 15.9 MPa.

scholarly journals The Ability of a Novel Strain Scheffersomyces (Syn. Candida) shehatae Isolated from Rotten Wood to Produce Arabitol

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Kordowska-Wiater ◽  
Adam Kuzdraliński ◽  
Tomasz Czernecki ◽  
Zdzisław Targoński ◽  
Magdalena Frąc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Candida Shehatae ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Biotechnological Production ◽  
Rotten Wood ◽  
Optimization Study ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Interesting Alternative

Arabitol is a polyalcohol which has about 70% of the sweetness of sucrose and an energy density of 0.2 kcal/g. Similarly to xylitol, it can be used in the food and pharmaceutical industries as a natural sweetener, a texturing agent, a dental caries reducer, and a humectant. Biotechnological production of arabitol from sugars represents an interesting alternative to chemical production. The yeast Scheffersomyces shehatae strain 20BM-3 isolated from rotten wood was screened for its ability to produce arabitol from L-arabinose, glucose, and xylose. This isolate, cultured at 28°C and 150 rpm, secreted 4.03 ± 0.00 to 7.97 ± 0.67 g/l of arabitol from 17–30 g/l of L-arabinose assimilated from a medium containing 20–80 g/l of this pentose with yields of 0.24 ± 0.00 to 0.36 ± 0.02 g/g. An optimization study demonstrated that pH 4.0, 32°C, and a shaking frequency of 150 rpm were the optimum conditions for arabitol production by the investigated strain. Under these conditions, strain 20BM-3 produced 6.2 ± 0.17 g/l of arabitol from 17.5 g/l of arabinose after 4 days with a yield of 0.35 ± 0.01 g/g. This strain also produced arabitol from glucose, giving much lower yields, but did not produce it from xylose. The new strain can be successfully used for arabitol production from abundantly available sugars found in plant biomass.

scholarly journals THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RECYCLED-PLASTIC PELLETS OBTAINED FROM DISPOSABLE FACE MASK WASTES

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Vienna Saraswaty ◽  
Rossy Choerun Nissa ◽  
Bonita Firdiana ◽  
Akbar Hanif Dawam Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Government ◽  
Plastic Pellets

THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RECYCLED-PLASTIC PELLETS OBTAINED FROM DISPOSABLE FACE MASK WASTES. The government policy to wear a face mask during the COVID-19 pandemic has increased disposable face mask wastes. Thus, to reduce such wastes, it is necessary to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of disposable face masks wastes before the recycling process and the recycled products. In this study, physicochemical characterization of the 3-ply disposable face masks and the recycled plastic pellets after disinfection using 0.5% v/v sodium hypochlorite were evaluated. A set of parameters including the characterization of surface morphology by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), functional groups properties by a fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal behavior by a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile strength and elongation at break were evaluated. The surface morphological of each layer 3-ply disposable face mask showed that the layers were composed of non-woven fibers. The FT-IR evaluation revealed that 3-ply disposable face mask was made from a polypropylene. At the same time, the DSC analysis found that the polypropylene was in the form of homopolymer. The SEM analysis showed that the recycled plastic pellets showed a rough and uneven surface. The FT-IR, tensile strength and elongation at break of the recycled plastic pellets showed similarity with a virgin PP type CP442XP and a recycled PP from secondary recycling PP (COPLAST COMPANY). In summary, recycling 3-ply disposable face mask wastes to become plastic pellets is recommended for handling disposable face mask wastes problem.

scholarly journals PENGARUH SUHU DAN WAKTU MASERASI TERHADAP AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH KAKAO (Theobroma cacao L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Dimas Anggi Ananta ◽  
G.P. Ganda Putra ◽  
I Wayan Arnata
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Cocoa Pod Husk ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Temperature Time

Cocoa pod husk is a by-product of cocoa processing which is quite abundant and has not been used optimally. Cacao pod husk can be used more optimally by extracting, its content of polyphenol compounds which can be used as natural antioxidants. The aim of this study were to determine the effect of temperature and maceration time of cocoa pod husk extract as a source of antioxidants and to determine the best type of temperature and maceration time to produce cocoa pod husk extract as a source of antioxidants. This experiment was designed by using factorial randomized block design. The first factor was type of maceration temperature consisting of 30±2°C, 45±2°C and 60±2°C. The second factor was maceration time, which were done for 24, 36 and 48 h. The data were analyzed with analysis of variance and continued with the Tukey test. The results showed that the temperature and time of maceration had a very significant effect on yield, total phenolic and antioxidant capacity of cocoa pod husk extract. Interactions between treatments had a very significant effect on total phenolic and antioxidant capacity but did not significantly affect the yield of cocoa pod husk extract. The best treatment for producing cocoa pod husk extract as a source of antioxidants was using maceration temperature 60±2°C and maceration time for 36 h with yield characteristics 5,28±0,15%, total phenolic at 168.16±0,06 mg GAE/g and capacity antioxidant 130.94±0.84 mg GAEAC/g. Keywords: Cocoa pod husk, extraction, temperature, time, antioxidants.

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