scholarly journals KHAKASS LEXICOGRAPHY: IT'S PAST AND PRESENT

2022 ◽  
pp. 39-59
Author(s):  
И.М. Чебочакова ◽  
С.А. Чебодаева
Keyword(s):  
Complex Material ◽  
History Of ◽  
Russian Dictionary

В статье рассматривается история развития хакасской лексикографии. Фиксация лексических материалов по хакасскому языку была начата научными экспедициями, снаряженными в Сибирь для сбора комплексного материала в целях исследования России в естественно - историческом плане. Первым печатным изданием стал словарь Н. Г. Катанова «Хакастан орыс т1ллэр1н1н' сос шчИ», опубликованный в 1928 году. В годы становления и развития С С С Р развивается и хакасская лексикография. Стали возможными подготовка и опубликование как школьных словарей, так и академических словарей: «Хакасско - русский словарь» (1953), «Хакасско - русский словарь» (2006), «Русско - хакасский словарь» (1961). Хакасская лексикография сегодня располагает отраслевыми словарями. В 2020 году выпущен первый том «Толкового словаря хакасского языка». The article examines the history of the development of Khakass lexicography. The fixation of lexical materials on the Khakass language was started by scientific expeditions sent to Siberia to collect complex material for the purpose of studying Russia in the natural - historical plan. The first printed edition was the dictionary of N. G. Katanov «Khakastang orys tillerining soes pichigi», published in 1928. During the years of the formation and development of the USSR, Khakass lexicography was also developing. It became possible to prepare and publish both school dictionaries and academic dictionaries: «Khakass - Russian dictionary» (1953), «Khakass - Russian dictionary» (2006), «Russian - Khakass dictionary» (1961). Today Khakass lexicography has specialized dictionaries. The first volume of "The Explanatory Dictionary of the Khakass Language" was published in 2020.

A New Handwritten Dictionary of the Komi-Zyryan Language in the History of Komi Lexicography

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-104
Author(s):  
Galina V. Fedyuneva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Historical Interpretation ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lexical Composition ◽  
Russian Dictionary

The article presents an analysis of the lexical composition of the newly discovered Zyryan-Russian dictionary of the 17th century and clarifies its place in the history of Komi lexicography. The article solves the problems of classification of lexicographic monuments and systematization of approaches to their description, and reveals gaps in research that has not been conducted since the mid-20th century. The currently known lexicographic monuments of the Komi language are limited to the dictionary materials of D.G. Messerschmidt, F.I. Stralenberg, G.F. Miller, P.S. Pallas and I.I. Lepekhin; the materials were collected during their expeditions in the 1720s–1770s. Unlike the church monuments of the Old Komi language of the 14th–17th and 18th centuries, the materials have not yet received a thorough archaeographic description, textual analysis and cultural and historical interpretation. The new Zyryan-Russian dictionary, discovered as part of the manuscript collection of the monk Prokhor Kolomnyatin and accurately dated (1668), is the earliest monument in the history of Komi lexicography today. The dictionary is interesting because it belongs to the period almost undocumented by written evidence and differs from all existing monuments in its dialect basis. The article describes the structure of the dictionary, thoroughly analyzes the lexical composition and presents most of its content, and reveals parallels with the dictionary materials of other monuments. The Russian-Komi dictionary-phrasebook that I.I. Lepekhin found and published in his Diary Notes is considered in more detail. Later V.I. Lytkin reprinted and deciphered the phrasebook, as well as made commentaries on it in his Old Permic Language (1952); thus, it became an auxiliary material for the reconstruction of the Old Komi language of the 14th–17th centuries. The dictionary dates back to the 18th century, although it has not been subjected to serious cultural-historical and chronological attribution. The newly discovered monument, unlike Lepekhin’s dictionary created by the type of translated old Russian dictionaries-phrasebooks based on the Russian questionnaire, reflects the live Komi-Zyryan language of the second half of the 17th century. It does not contain typical phrases, phrases from dialogues and connected texts that are typical of translated phrasebooks. There is only a certain tendency towards a thematic presentation of the material, although not always consistent. Like the dictionary materials contained in the draft papers of Russian and foreign travellers of the 18th century, the vocabulary of the new dictionary was written by the author of the collection directly from the words of a native speaker (or native speakers) of the Komi language in order to fix it and, apparently, was not intended for communicative use. Unlike the existing dictionary materials, which often contain short lists of Komi numerals, the new dictionary contains a consistent detailed money vocabulary list, from “denga” to “thousand rubles”. Numerical values are given in the Cyrillic numeral system using letters, which is undoubtedly of interest for ethnohistorical research and Russian paleography.

scholarly journals From the history of studying the Koibal dialect of the Khakass language

2020 ◽  
pp. 126-137
Author(s):  
A. D. Kaksin
Keyword(s):  
Common Property ◽  
General View ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Main Work ◽  
The People ◽  
Sufficient Detail ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
History Of ◽  
Russian Dictionary

The article gives a general view of the modern Koibal dialect of the Khakass language. The history of studying Koibal speech includes several stages. In the 18th and early 19th centuries, the first evidence of the people living at the mouth of the Abakan River and their language, was collected. Some interesting records were made by G. Miller, P. Pallas, G. Spassky, some other scientists and travelers. Comparing the people under study with other peoples inhabiting the Minusinsk Hollow at that time allowed defining quite a large number of peoples in this area (including Koibals) to be Samoyeds speaking languages with one common property: these are different versions of the Turkic type language. In other words, in that period already, the assimilation of Samoyeds languages by Turkic languages was underway. The article then provides an assessment of the main work of an outstanding Finno-Ugrist and Altaist Mathias-Alexander Castren in linguistic Turkology − a brief grammar of Koibal and Karagas dialects (published in 1857), with notes made by the prominent orientalist Nikolai Katanov to the text by Kastren taken into account. In the second half of the 19th and 20th centuries, the information on the Koibal dialect and other linguistic formations of this part of Southern Siberia was systematized by L. P. Potapov, N. A. Baskakov in the Khakass-Russian dictionary (1953) and an essay by S. I. Weinstein. Later, when the study of South Siberian languages was put on a serious scientific and organizational basis, the Koibal dialect, like other territorial varieties of the Khakass language, was described in sufficient detail by V. G. Karpov, M. I. Borgoyakov, D. F. Patachakova, O. P. Anzhzhanova, in Grammatik and the Khakass-Russian dictionary (2006). Finally, some lexical and grammatical phenomena in modern Koibal dialect are considered, and a scheme (model) of language interaction that resulted in the Koibal dialect of the Khakass language is introduced.

Electronic terminological dictionaries published by the Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology and plans for the future

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Zaitseva ◽  
◽  
Yury Smirnov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology ◽  
Public Library ◽  
The State ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Bibliographic Records ◽  
Electronic Dictionary ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Machine Readable ◽  
Russian Dictionary

Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology publishes electronic terminological dictionaries. The history of this activity line and the publications are discussed, e. g.: The English-Russian Dictionary in Machine-readable Cataloguing, SIBID Electronic Terminological Dictionary (1-st and 2-nd editions), and Electronic Dictionary of Standardized Abbreviations in the Russian and 25 Foreign European Languages for Bibliographic Records. Links to purchase the dictionaries are given. Plans for the future are discussed. The paper is prepared within the framework of the State Order to RNPLS&T for 2021 No. 730000F.99.1.BV09АА00006.

scholarly journals PERSIAN LEXICAL LOANWORDS IN SWAHILI

2020 ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
Рамиль Тагирович Юзмухаметов
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Bantu Languages ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Abstract Words ◽  
Lexical Composition ◽  
Muslim Culture ◽  
Russian Dictionary

Статья посвящена исследованию персидских лексических заимствований в языке суахили. Язык суахили является официальным языком ряда государств в Восточной Африке, таких как Танзания, Кения, Уганда, Коморские острова и др., эти страны можно считать родиной суахили. Актуальность исследования определяется интересом к распространению персидской заимствованной лексики в Восточной Африке параллельно с интересом к вопросу истории появления мусульманской культуры в Восточной Африке. Несмотря на то что арабские заимствования проникали в языки банту одновременно с персидскими словами, в этой статье рассмотрены исключительно персидские слова с целью подробнее исследовать тематические и структурные группы персидских заимствований, фонетические, морфологические и лексико-семантические изменения в них. Методологической и теоретической базой для исследования стали труды отечественных и зарубежных языковедов и африканистов, изучавших историю языка суахили, его строение, лексический состав, а также этническую структуру общества в Восточной Африке. Материалом для исследования послужили заимствованные из персидского языка слова, зафиксированные в «Суахили-русском словаре» под редакцией Н. В. Громовой. В лексическом составе языка суахили содержится значительное количество иностранных заимствований, что отражает разные периоды истории колонизации и освоения Восточной Африки. Персидских слов в суахили содержится порядка тридцати. Они представлены главным образом конкретными именами, обозначающими различные бытовые понятия, имеется и несколько абстрактных слов, связанных с религией и общественным укладом жизни. В морфологическом, фонологическом и лексико-семантическом плане обнаружены признаки глубокого усвоения иранизмов со стороны языка-реципиента - банту. The article is devoted to the study of Persian lexical borrowings in Swahili. Swahili is the official language of a number of states in East Africa; these are Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, the Comoros and others. These countries can be considered the homeland of Swahili. The relevance of the study is determined by interest in the distribution of Persian borrowed vocabulary in East Africa, along with interest in the issue of the history of the emergence of Muslim culture in East Africa. Despite the fact that Arabic borrowings penetrated the Bantu languages simultaneously with Persian words, this article exclusively discusses Persian words in order to study in more detail the thematic and structural groups of Persian borrowings, phonetic, morphological and lexical-semantic changes in them. The methodological and theoretical framework for this study was determined by works of the domestic and foreign linguists and africanists who studied the history of Swahili, its structural and lexical composition. The material for the study was taken from “Swahili-Russian Dictionary” (ed. N. V. Gromova). The lexical composition of Swahili contains a significant amount of foreign lexical borrowings, which reflects different periods of the history of colonization of East Africa. There are about thirty Persian words in Swahili. They are represented mainly by specific words denoting various everyday concepts, and there are several abstract words related to religion and the social way of life. On the morphological, phonological, and lexical-semantic plane, signs of a deep assimilation of Iranisms by the recipient language, Bantu, were found

scholarly journals Alphabetical world: Russian dictionary philosophy

KANT ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-161
Author(s):  
Maksim Proskuriakov
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
History Of ◽  
Russian Dictionary

The history of each language shows that it is constantly evolving and changing; all phenomena occurring in the life of society are fixed in it. Noticeable changes appear primarily in the lexical system of the language. Some lexeme meanings are gradually lost, disappear from general use, or replaced with new ones. One way to preserve and systematize this process in historical memory is to create dictionaries. The article shows the importance of dictionaries as sources of information and means of improving the communicative culture of native speakers, presents the basic principles of lexicography, and considers the possibilities of classifying dictionaries.

The Authority of the Old Testament

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-209
Author(s):  
William Johnstone
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Complex Material ◽  
The Past ◽  
Present Volume ◽  
History Of

The S.G.M. Press has published within the past decade several important studies on the place of the Old Testament within the Christian Bible and on how it is to be interpreted. Now John Bright has produced a volume (The Authority of the Old Testament, S.C.M. Press, 1967, pp. 272, 40s.), containing his own review of the questions involved—the enduring authority possessed by the Old Testament, and the appropriate method of interpreting it. Any book to which the name of John Bright is attached is an 'important' one. He is the author of a standard History of Israel, and as such, as well as in his other works particularly his Commentaries, he has shown that he is a master of organising a mass of complex material, of being fair to scholarship with which he is in little sympathy, and of being in command of such adequate expression that it is difficult to better him. All this makes it the more important to evaluate critically his present volume. The book discloses a pleasing symmetry of construction, and, as expected, a persuasive and well-expressed argument. The doubt in my mind is whether it is, conceptually, broadly enough based.

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