Fluorine load in children

Aim. To study the association between the prevalence of caries and the ﬂuorine load in children according to ﬂuoride in the urine.Materials and methods. Fluoride level examination was conducted among 45 patients aged 3,6,12,15 years old. The assessment of the intensity of dental caries was carried out according to the KPU / kp index as recommended by WHO (1997). Dental examination in children was carried out in the Scientiﬁc Clinical Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Ministry of Health and SZN of the Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe.Results and discussion. The ﬂuorine status of breastfed children corresponded to a low level of ﬂuoruria. In children aged 4-6 years ﬂuorine load corresponded to a low level in 15.7% of the children, the optimal level was noted in 61.6% of the children, and a high level of the trace element over 2.5 mg/day was found in 22.7% of the children. High KPU index (3.1 and 5.7, respectively), determined in those cases where there was a low level of access to ﬂuoride.Conclusion. In infants, the level of urinary ﬂuoride excretion depends on the feeding pattern. The level of ﬂuoruria in (60.0%) children aged 12 years and (66.6%) 15 years old was below the standard indicators. The intensity of caries in 15-year-old children was higher than in 12-year-old children.

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Detection of Knowledge Levels Related to Covid-19 Among State University Students, NKRI-RDTL Border Area

Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA ◽

10.29303/jppipa.v8i1.1079 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 132-139

Author(s):

Yunawati Sele ◽

Fincensius Oetpah ◽

Vinsensia Ulia Rita Sila

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Risk Groups ◽

State University ◽

Border Area ◽

Low Level ◽

Average Value ◽

The Republic ◽

High Level

This research was conducted with the aim of revealing the level of knowledge related to COVID-19 among state university students, in the NKRI-RDTL border area. This study includes a qualitative descriptive study involving the population, namely all active students of state universities, Timor University, which are located in the border area of the Republic of Indonesia-RDTL. By using a simple random sampling technique, obtained 1181 students as respondents. The research instrument in the form of a knowledge questionnaire related to covid was distributed to respondents offline and also online using the google form. The results showed that 17.7% of respondents had knowledge at a low level, 62.66% of respondents had knowledge at a moderate level, while 19.64% of respondents had knowledge at a high level. Among the 4 aspects of knowledge, knowledge on the etiology and symptom aspects, as well as aspects of preventing the spread of covid-19, are at a high level with an average value of each aspect, namely 85.61 and 83.09. Meanwhile, knowledge on aspects of risk groups and aspects of the spread of COVID-19 is at a low level with an average value of 51.54 and 54.19. This needs attention because the quality of knowledge basically has a relationship with attitudes and behavior related to COVID-19

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Current issues of the banking system development of the republic of Uzbekistan

Общество и инновации ◽

10.47689/2181-1415-vol2-iss2/s-pp179-186 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2/S) ◽

pp. 179-186

Author(s):

Shohboz Ibodullaev ◽

Gulbahor Bakoeva

Keyword(s):

Central Bank ◽

Commercial Banks ◽

System Development ◽

Banking System ◽

Resource Base ◽

Low Level ◽

Current State ◽

The Republic ◽

High Level

The article analyzes the current state of the banking system of the Republic of Uzbekistan and identifies problems associated with its development. In particular, such problems as the presence of the problem of unbalanced liquidity in commercial banks, insufficient resource base of banks, a low level of profitability of assets of commercial banks, and a high level of rates of required reserves of the Central Bank were identified. Also, the article studies the scientific and theoretical views of economists on the development of the banking system. In the article, on the basis of the analyzes carried out, scientific proposals have been developed aimed at the development of the banking system of the Republic of Uzbekistan. In particular, the ways of increasing the profitability of commercial banks 'assets were developed, the possibilities of strengthening the resource base and increasing the level of banks' liquidity were substantiated, proposals for improving the policy of required reserves of the Central Bank were substantiated.

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Analysis of the dental health level within the framework of a social project for medical examination and maintenance of orphanages in the Republic of Kazakhstan

International Professional Journal Medicine ◽

10.31082/1728-452x-2020-215-216-5-6-38-52 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5-6 (215-216) ◽

pp. 38-52

Author(s):

Mariyam Iskakova ◽

◽

Urnisa Kuvatbaeva ◽

Madina Aukhadiyeva ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Dental Health ◽

Educational Institutions ◽

Dental Examination ◽

The Republic

Today, the issues of studying the dental health of children and adolescents living in various regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan remain relevant. The health of the younger generation, including dental health, is an important priority area that contributes to improving the quality of life. Aim. To study dental morbidity in children and adolescents in various regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Material and methods. A survey of 608 children and adolescents living in educational institutions was carried out. The results of the preventive dental examination were recorded in an electronic dental card. Passport data, subjective, objective data and data of intraoral examination were included in the electronic map for studying the prevalence. Particular importance was attached to the state of oral hygiene, the indicator of sanitized patients and the need for sanitation of the oral cavity. Results and discussion. The rationale for conducting the survey in various regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan was the study of the level of health in children and adolescents to establish risk factors for dental morbidity. Dental examination of 608 children and adolescents testifies to the high intensity and prevalence of dental caries, periodontal tissue diseases, dentoalveolar anomalies. Most children and adolescents need oral cavity sanitation, this figure was 51,9%. Undoubtedly, in educational institutions it is necessary to carry out sanitary and educational work and timely sanitation of the oral cavity. The obtained statistical data will allow us to draw up a "dental health map" of children and adolescents living in various regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan and develop a comprehensive program for the prevention of dental diseases. Conclusions. One of the main issues in dental practice is the study of the prevalence of caries in early childhood, including among children under 14 years of age, in order to prevent the development of complications, to carry out preventive measures to improve the quality of life. Dental caries is the most common among children living in educational institutions. Also, 28% of children have poor-quality fillings, decayed teeth, and due to non-observance of oral hygiene, inflammatory diseases of the periodontal tissues develop. About 35% of children need orthodontic care due to the development of dentoalveolar anomalies. Orthodontic care, which is a paid service, is not fully provided to this category of children and adolescents. Therefore, there remain a number of organizational-preventive and organizational-therapeutic measures that need to be addressed. Keywords: examination, dental health, analysis, project.

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Relationship of Dental Caries at Different Concentrations of Fluoride in Endemic Areas: An Epidemiological Study

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.17796/jcpd.35.1.u6vm217421w3h521 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 41-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Charu Mohan Marya ◽

Sonal Dhingra ◽

Vandana Marya ◽

BR Ashokkumar

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Epidemiological Study ◽

Study Design ◽

School Children ◽

Dental Fluorosis ◽

Optimal Level ◽

Caries Prevalence ◽

Fluoride Level ◽

Relationship Of

Objective: Fluoride has been an effective tool to prevent dental caries but efforts have been on to establish optimal level of fluoride in drinking water in different communities. The present study seeks to establish the safe and acceptable concentration of fluoride in drinking water which would lead to maximum caries protection with least amount of clinically observable dental fluorosis. Study Design: 30 villages from 2 districts of Haryana were classified according to differing levels of fluoride in the drinking water. 3007 school children(1558 males & 1449 female)] were examined and the DMFT score was related to the level of fluoride in drinking water. Results: The caries prevalence was maximum (48.02%) in the area having 0.50 ppm fluoride in drinking water. The children from area having the 1.13 ppm fluoride level had the least caries prevalence i.e. 28.07%. Conclusion: The results of the present study did not suggest any additional anticaries benefit beyond 1.13ppm fluoride level. The present investigation showed that the optimal fluoride levels for drinking water for our conditions were near 1.13ppm (1-1.2 ppm) as there was maximum caries protection with least amount of esthetically objectionable fluorosis at that level.

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Teknik Data Mining Dalam Clustering Produksi Susu Segar Di Indonesia Dengan Algoritma K-Means

BRAHMANA: Jurnal Penerapan Kecerdasan Buatan ◽

10.30645/brahmana.v1i1.5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 31-39

Author(s):

Ilham Safitra Damanik ◽

Sundari Retno Andani ◽

Dedi Sehendro

Keyword(s):

Data Mining ◽

Milk Production ◽

Clustering Algorithm ◽

Clustering Method ◽

Data Mining Techniques ◽

Low Level ◽

Fresh Milk ◽

Nutritional Needs ◽

High Level ◽

Level Cluster

Milk is an important intake to meet nutritional needs. Both consumed by children, and adults. Indonesia has many producers of fresh milk, but it is not sufficient for national milk needs. Data mining is a science in the field of computers that is widely used in research. one of the data mining techniques is Clustering. Clustering is a method by grouping data. The Clustering method will be more optimal if you use a lot of data. Data to be used are provincial data in Indonesia from 2000 to 2017 obtained from the Central Statistics Agency. The results of this study are in Clusters based on 2 milk-producing groups, namely high-dairy producers and low-milk producing regions. From 27 data on fresh milk production in Indonesia, two high-level provinces can be obtained, namely: West Java and East Java. And 25 others were added in 7 provinces which did not follow the calculation of the K-Means Clustering Algorithm, including in the low level cluster.

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Determinants of Abuse of the Bodies of the Dead

Rossijskoe Pravo. Obrazovanie, Praktika, Nauka ◽

10.34076/2410-2709-2019-4-71-77 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 71-77

Author(s):

Margarita Khomyakova

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Criminal Code ◽

Value Judgments ◽

Legal Norms ◽

Low Level ◽

Medical Institutions ◽

Specific Object ◽

The Subject ◽

The Dead ◽

High Level

The author analyzes definitions of the concepts of determinants of crime given by various scientists and offers her definition. In this study, determinants of crime are understood as a set of its causes, the circumstances that contribute committing them, as well as the dynamics of crime. It is noted that the Russian legislator in Article 244 of the Criminal Code defines the object of this criminal assault as public morality. Despite the use of evaluative concepts both in the disposition of this norm and in determining the specific object of a given crime, the position of criminologists is unequivocal: crimes of this kind are immoral and are in irreconcilable conflict with generally accepted moral and legal norms. In the paper, some views are considered with regard to making value judgments which could hardly apply to legal norms. According to the author, the reasons for abuse of the bodies of the dead include economic problems of the subject of a crime, a low level of culture and legal awareness; this list is not exhaustive. The main circumstances that contribute committing abuse of the bodies of the dead and their burial places are the following: low income and unemployment, low level of criminological prevention, poor maintenance and protection of medical institutions and cemeteries due to underperformance of state and municipal bodies. The list of circumstances is also open-ended. Due to some factors, including a high level of latency, it is not possible to reflect the dynamics of such crimes objectively. At the same time, identification of the determinants of abuse of the bodies of the dead will reduce the number of such crimes.

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EXPRESS: Marketers Project Their Personal Preferences onto Consumers: Overcoming the Threat of Egocentric Decision Making

Journal of Marketing Research ◽

10.1177/0022243721998378 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 002224372199837

Author(s):

Walter Herzog ◽

Johannes D. Hattula ◽

Darren W. Dahl

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Consumer Preferences ◽

Research Question ◽

Pilot Studies ◽

Low Level ◽

Marketing Managers ◽

False Consensus Effect ◽

False Consensus ◽

High Level

This research explores how marketing managers can avoid the so-called false consensus effect—the egocentric tendency to project personal preferences onto consumers. Two pilot studies were conducted to provide evidence for the managerial importance of this research question and to explore how marketing managers attempt to avoid false consensus effects in practice. The results suggest that the debiasing tactic most frequently used by marketers is to suppress their personal preferences when predicting consumer preferences. Four subsequent studies show that, ironically, this debiasing tactic can backfire and increase managers’ susceptibility to the false consensus effect. Specifically, the results suggest that these backfire effects are most likely to occur for managers with a low level of preference certainty. In contrast, the results imply that preference suppression does not backfire but instead decreases false consensus effects for managers with a high level of preference certainty. Finally, the studies explore the mechanism behind these results and show how managers can ultimately avoid false consensus effects—regardless of their level of preference certainty and without risking backfire effects.

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Exploring The Effect of Visual Information Degradation on Human Perception and Performance In A Human-Telerobot System

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/1071181320641310 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 1302-1307

Author(s):

Richard Stone ◽

Minglu Wang ◽

Thomas Schnieders ◽

Esraa Abdelall

Keyword(s):

Visual Information ◽

Human Perception ◽

Low Level ◽

Hit Rate ◽

Word Level ◽

Level Of Automation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Human Operators ◽

And Performance ◽

High Level

Human-robotic interaction system are increasingly becoming integrated into industrial, commercial and emergency service agencies. It is critical that human operators understand and trust automation when these systems support and even make important decisions. The following study focused on human-in-loop telerobotic system performing a reconnaissance operation. Twenty-four subjects were divided into groups based on level of automation (Low-Level Automation (LLA), and High-Level Automation (HLA)). Results indicated a significant difference between low and high word level of control in hit rate when permanent error occurred. In the LLA group, the type of error had a significant effect on the hit rate. In general, the high level of automation was better than the low level of automation, especially if it was more reliable, suggesting that subjects in the HLA group could rely on the automatic implementation to perform the task more effectively and more accurately.

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