POLYCENTRIC MODEL OF SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT OF AGGLOMERATION AS AN ACTUAL TREND IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN MEGAPOLISES

Author(s):  
Marina V. Sviridenko ◽  

The article considers the model of development of modern megacities and substantiates the need for the formation of a polycentric structure of the spatial development of agglomerations. The current trends in the placement of educational, research, innovation, business and shopping and entertainment functions for the development of the agglomeration territory are analyzed, the structure of the risks of implementing a polycentric model of the development of the St. Petersburg agglomeration and the directions of their leveling and overcoming are proposed. As the most important driver for the polycentric development of the St. Petersburg agglomeration, the author highlights the creation of places of employment, both in the production and post-industrial spheres – the service economy and the knowledge economy, the IT sector.

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 17-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Kyed

En række sociologer har de seneste år peget på, at den postindustrielle serviceøkonomi stiller stadigt større krav til servicemedarbejderes sociale og følelsesmæssige kompetencer. Eva Illouz (2008) argumenterer eksempelvis for, at vestlige samfund kendetegnes af en ”emotionel kapitalisme”, hvor følelsesmæssige kompetencer er blevet en central stratifikationsfaktor, som marginaliserer især mænd med en traditionel arbejderklasse habitus. Men få studier har undersøgt, hvordan arbejdsgivere rent faktisk vurderer ansøgernes sociale og følelsesmæssige kompetencer. Gennem interviews og observationsstudier har artiklens forfatter undersøgt, hvordan verdens største ambulanceoperatør vurderer og værdsætter ansøgeres sociale og følelsesmæssige kompetencer gennem rekrutteringsprocessen til stillingen som ambulanceredderelev. Artiklen viser med udgangspunkt i fire ansættelsessamtaler med mandlige ansøgere, hvordan ansøgerens primære følelsesmæssige habitus har betydning for samtalens udfald og de sympatirelationer, som skabes i forbindelse med samtalen. Data viser også, at selvom ledelsen fremhæver, at personlighed og empati er afgørende i screeningen af ansøgerne, så anvender virksomheden ikke personlighedstest eller andre psykologiske teknologier i rekrutteringsprocessen. Sociale og følelsesmæssige kompetencer vurderes derimod ud fra ansøgerens institutionaliserede omsorgskapital samt bedømmelsesudvalgets mavefornemmelse af ansøgerens følelsesmæssige dispositioner og evne til at passe ind både i faget og virksomhed. ENGELSK ABSTRACT: Morten Kyed: ”We Are a Business that Is Really above Average in Empathy”: Recruiting ”Soft Competences” in Ambulance Service A number of sociologists have suggested that the post-industrial service economy is placing increasing demands on service employees’ social and emotional skills. Eva Illouz (2008), for instance, argues that Western societies are characterised by an ”emotional capitalism”, in which emotional competencies are pivotal for social stratification and marginalisation of men with a traditional working class habitus. However, few studies have examined how employers actually assess applicants’ social and emotional skills. Through interviews and observational studies, the author has studied how the world’s largest ambulance operator assesses and evaluates social and emotional skills of ambulance apprentice applicants. Employing four job interviews with male candidates, the article illustrates how the applicant’s primary emotional habitus is important for the construction of sympathy relations during the job interviews and the outcome of the conversation. The data also shows that although management emphasises that personality and empathy are crucial when screening applicants, the company does not use personality tests or other psychological technologies in the recruitment process. Assessment of social and emotional skills is based on the candidate’s ”institutionalised care capital” and the assessment committee’s gut feeling about the applicant’s emotional disposition and ability to fit into both the vocation and the company. Keywords: service work, service economy, recruitment, social competences, emotional competences, gender.


Author(s):  
Olga Brizhak ◽  
Vladimir Novikov

Dynamic and deep socio-economic transformations at the present stage of the development of social and economic life even more accentuate the attention of researchers and practitioners on the concentration of reflected forms that characterize their virtual nature. The superstructure of virtual forms, complementing the real basis of the economic system, transforms it in a similar way. Virtual signs, products, images form many-sided images, reproducing the mental activity of a person endlessly. Rapid flows of information are increasing, financial derivatives and currency transactions are multiplying, specific services are carried out that do not have a subjectobject basis and form virtual reality, reflecting and multiplying. The article shows that behind the movement of reflected forms there is a certain essence containing past and future scenarios of the formation of a new way of organizing economic activity of people, designated in a number of works as “knowledge economy”. For effective management of such economy the system quality of communications in all spheres of social and economic processes and the phenomena at the present stage is important. The authors investigate the structural elements of virtual reality and their characteristics; consider synonymous categories denoting the interaction of socio-economic systems in the network space. The article demonstrates theoretical and methodological approaches that reveal the essence, nature and content of the “virtual economy” and “virtual reality” in the conditions of modern socioeconomic transformations. The article uses the resources of knowledge economy, political economy, evolutionary and post-industrial methodology.


2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padmini Sharma

The advent of e-retailing has brought about colossal transformation in the realm of traditional retailing services. As a part of virtual services, the human component involved in this sector is hidden right from placing of an order till its delivery. These workers, once deemed as a segment of invisible workforce in academic debate, have lately caught attention with their growing resentment at workplace (Cherry, 2016). The purpose of this article is to understand the nature of work in delivery segment of e-retailing’s value chain that is emerging as a major blue collar job in several metro cities of India. This would help contextualize whether these kinds of jobs, being developed through advent of information technology in service economy, resembles post-industrial theory or supports critics of such theory. This has been carried out through analysis of work organization and workplace relationships in delivery services, against a backdrop of Braverman’s (1998) de-skilling thesis and Burawoy’s (1979) theory on ‘relations in production’.


2016 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 529-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Gang

Nanoparticles, due to their broadly tunable functions, are major building blocks for generating new materials. However, building such materials for practical applications by self-assembly is quite challenging. Following the Faraday Discussion on “Nanoparticle Assembly: from Fundamentals to Applications” we discuss here the current trends in the field of self-assembly, including: understanding the unique interplay of molecular and nanoscale effects, a development of novel approaches for the creation of targeted nanoparticle architectures, advances in controlling dynamic behavior of systems and enabling new functions through specifically formed structures.


1982 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Leslie Hendrickson ◽  
Richard M. Wolf ◽  
Thomas S. Popkewitz ◽  
B. Robert Tabachnick ◽  
B. Robert Tabachnick ◽  
...  

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borisas Melnikas

The new theoretical approach of the processes of creating knowledge based society and the knowledge economy, as well as sustainable development processes is described in the article. The main idea is that the creation and development processes of the knowledge‐based society and knowledge economy may be attributed to the category of global transformation and sustainable development processes, therefore, all general phenomena and characteristics of global transformations and sustainable development in general, are absolutely typical for the creation and development of the knowledge based society and knowledge economy. The processes of the creating of knowledge based society and knowledge economy and modernization are analyzed in the general context of the processes of sustainable development. The main principles of creating the knowledge based society and knowledge economy and modernization are described. Creating and modernization of the knowledge based society and knowledge economy are very complicated processes, oriented to the formation of the new quality of society and qualitatively new lifestyle, these processes may be described as “twice” as complicated, because they win distinction by orientations to the pursuit of new quality in two aspects: the knowledge based society and knowledge economy, compared to “traditional” society and economy, are in all cases described as qualitatively new, creating and development of the knowledge based society and knowledge economy takes place under the conditions of the global changes, which means that qualitative changes take place in all global space, the essence of those changes is the creation and spread of the knowledge‐based society and knowledge economy. A special attention is given to the conclusion that in the environment of the knowledge based society creation and generating knowledge economy and development, the provisions for sustainable development should be attained. The processes of creating knowledge based society and knowledge economy and further development should be analyzed and assessed in the context of processes of globalization and internationalization, as well as processes of global transformations. The “Power” concept intended for the scientific cognition of sustainable development and knowledge based society and knowledge economy creation processes phenomena is analyzed. Santrauka Straipsnyje išdėstomas naujas teorinis požiūris į darnios plėtros ir į žiniomis grindžiamos visuomenės bei žinių ekonomikos kūrimo procesus. Pagrindine ideja, išreiškianti šio teorinio požiūrio esmė, yra ta, kad darnios plėtros bei žiniomis grindžiamos visuomenės ir žinių ekonomikos kūrimo procesai suvoktini ir nagrinėtini kaip sudarantys bendra visuma. Žiniomis grindžiamos visuomenės ir žinių ekonomikos kūrimas traktuojamas kaip pagrindinė prielaida realiai įgyvendinti darnios plėtros nuostatas, o darni plėtra vertinama kaip išskirtinis žiniomis grindžiamos visuomenės ir žinių ekonomikos kūrimo procesams būdingas požymis. Šiuolaikinėmis globalizacijos bei socialinės, ekonominės raidos ir mokslo bei technologijų pažangos internacionalizavimo salygomis išryškėja daug naujų aplinkybių ir reiškinių, kurių poveikis ir vaidmuo mažai atsispindi daugelyje tradiciniu požiūrių, skirtų tiek darniai plėtrai, tiek žiniomis grindžiamos visuomenės ir žinių ekonomikos kūrimo procesams. Padaryta išvada, kad tradiciniai darnios plėtros bei jos problemų, žiniomis grindžiamos visuomenės ir žinių ekonomikos kūrimo logikos bei tendencijų suvokimai vis labiau neatitinka šiuolaikiniu poreikių ir iššūkių ir reikalingi esminių papildymų bei patikslinimų. Šiuolaikiniai požiūriai į darnią plėtrą bei į žiniomis grindžiamos visuomenės ir žinių ekonomikos kūrimą turėtų kur kas geriau perteikti šiuo metu pasaulyje vykstančių naujo tipo transformacijų procesų vaidmenį ir įtaką, visų pirmą tų transformacijų, kurios išreiškia žiniomis grindžiamos visuomenės vertybių ir idealų pasklidima globaliu mastu. Būtent tokios visuomenės kūrimasis ir šios visuomenės vertybių ir idealų pasklidimas globalizacijos aplinkoje sukelia naujų transformacijų šiuolaikinėje visuomenėje bei jos gyvenime, sudaro prielaidas suvokti būtinybę naujai reaguoti į darnios plėtros poreikius bei spręsti naujas problemas. Straipsnyje detaliai apibūdinta vadinamoji galios koncepcija, kuria remiantis siūloma kompleksiškai nagrinėti darnios plėtros bei žiniomis grindžiamos visuomenės ir žinių ekonomikos kūrimo procesus, spręsti daugeli tokių procesų valdymo klausimu. Galios koncepcijos taikymas leidžia modeliuoti stambiose sistemose vykstančius socialines, ekonomines, politines raidos, mokslo ir technologijų pažangos reiškinius bei procesus, identifikuoti ir vertinti atitinkamų procesų suderinamumą, vienų procesų poveikius kitiems procesams, identifikuoti įvairias disproporcijas, išryškejančias netolygiu pokyčių sąlygomis. Visa tai leidžia diagnozuoti pasireiškusias ar galinčias pasireikšti darnios plėtros žiniomis grindžiamos visuomenės ir žinių ekonomikos kūrimo problemas ir numatyti priemones, skirtas šioms problemoms spręsti. Straipsnyje atskleisti darnios plėtros bei žiniomis grindžiamos visuomenės ir žinių ekonomikos kūrimo procesų kaip visumos principai, kompleksiškai išnagrinėti darnios plėtros bei žiniomis grindžiamos visuomenės ir žinių ekonomikos kūrimo dėsningumai. Prioritetinis dėmesys skiriamas integracijos ir sintezės kaip jungimosi procesų logikai atskleisti. Išdestytas teorinis požiūris gali būti gana plačiai taikomas nagrinejant įvairius darnios plėtros bei žiniomis grindžiamos visuomenės ir žinių ekonomikos kūrimo reiškinius.


Turyzm ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Anna Jaśkiewicz

Abstract Łódź as a post-industrial city has great potential for post-industrial tourism. An attempt to utilise this has been the creation of the Łódź Industrial Architecture Trail, bringing together buildings related to its industrial past. According to the author, to make the trail a tourist attraction, the first people who should be aware of its value are the city’s inhabitants. The survey confirmed the very important role of social participation in creating the image of a city, and providing the basis for further work on its improvement and promotion. The article does not cover social participation as part of the process of development, but can serve as a contribution to a discussion of the role of a city’s inhabitants in shaping its tourism attractions. At the same time, the article confirms that social participation is an extremely important element of tourism research and forms an introduction to its effective use in practice.


Author(s):  
A. CHARINA ◽  
V. SOKOV

The article considers theoretical aspects of innovation management in countries with transitive economy on a way to post-industrial development model according to the structural crisis caused by their specificity. The ways of solving the emerging problems are proposed. The role of human capital and social-functional innovations is emphasized in the transition to "knowledge economy”.


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