The changing culture of outlaw motorcycle gangs in Australia

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs ◽  
Recruitment Practices ◽  
Governance Processes ◽  
Depth Interviews

This study explores changes to the internal culture of a sample of Australian outlaw motorcycle gangs (OMCGs). We analysed data from 39 in-depth interviews with former OMCG members in Queensland to discern changes in recruitment practices, hierarchies and governance processes, as well as values, norms and relationships experienced and observed while members of an OMCG. Structurally, clubs changed little, although participants described how members were increasingly using the structures and systems of clubs for their own benefit. Changes were noted in recruitment practices, which were seen as increasingly geared towards enlisting violent, criminally-inclined men. There was also a perceived erosion of loyalty and camaraderie within OMCGs, with a shift towards younger, newer members who were seen as self-interested and financially motivated. These changes were contributing factors in decisions of many former members to disengage from OMCGs.

scholarly journals “It’s the Attraction of Winning That Draws You In”—A Qualitative Investigation of Reasons and Facilitators for Videogame Loot Box Engagement in UK Gamers

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2103
Author(s):  
Laura Nicklin ◽  
Stuart Gordon Spicer ◽  
James Close Close ◽  
Jonathan Parke ◽  
Oliver Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Social Influences ◽  
Disordered Gambling ◽  
Qualitative Investigation ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Research Priority ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Problematic Gambling ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Depth Interviews

Excessive engagement with (increasingly prevalent) loot boxes within games has consistently been linked with disordered gambling and/or gaming. The importance of recognising and managing potential risks associated with loot box involvement means understanding contributing factors is a pressing research priority. Given that motivations for gaming and gambling have been informative in understanding risky engagement with those behaviours, this qualitative study investigated motivations for buying loot boxes, through in-depth interviews with 28 gamers from across the UK. A reflexive thematic analysis categorised reasons for buying into seven “themes”; opening experience; value of box contents; game-related elements; social influences; emotive/impulsive influences; fear of missing out; triggers/facilitators. These themes are described in detail and discussed in relation to the existing literature and motivation theories. This study contributes to understanding ways in which digital items within loot boxes can be highly valued by purchasers, informing the debate around parallels with gambling. Findings that certain motivations were disproportionately endorsed by participants with symptoms of problematic gambling has potential implications for policy and warrants further study.

scholarly journals An Exploratory Study of Entrepreneurship in Taiwan’s Small & Medium Enterprises – Case Studies of Six Manufacturing Companies

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Wen-Chia Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Individual Factor ◽  
Entrepreneurial Management ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Small Medium Enterprises ◽  
New Research ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Crucial Part

Entrepreneurship with organization setting has been conceptualized in a variety of ways. Studies in this area remain broad and appear relatively fragmented. From previous literature reviews, we found that little attention has been paid toward the entrepreneurial management model with the starting-up phases of Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Taiwan. In view of this, the purpose of this study is to fill this gap in the literature by proposing a research framework that integrates both entrepreneurship literature and Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs) literature. To address this problem, a new research method based on integrating cases study and in-depth interviews methods are also proposed. According to the results, the individual factor was the central part among the four contributing factors (reproduction, imitation, valorization, and venture). With respect to the six dimensions of entrepreneurship (strategic orientation, commitment to opportunity, commitment to resources, control over resources, management frame, and compensation philosophy), the enterprises interviewed in this research all set forth their perspectives. As for the four kinds of entrepreneurial status, there were four entrepreneurial imitation companies and two entrepreneurial venture companies in this research. To conclude, several propositions were proposed, and the results released that the individual factor was the crucial part among the four contributing factors. Research also examined the main dimensions of entrepreneurship for analyzing the theoretical basis.

scholarly journals Exploring Issues of Trust in Collaborative Sport Governance

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian O’Boyle ◽  
David Shilbury
Keyword(s):  
Thematic Structure ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Governance Networks ◽  
Governance Practice ◽  
State Organizations ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Interpretive Process

This study explores how trust is manifested and impacts on the levels of collaboration that take place in sport governance networks. A case study approach was used as the guiding method to examine the contributing factors that facilitate or inhibit trusting relationships between boards within sporting networks. Three sports from Australia were employed as the population for the study and 36 in-depth interviews were conducted with participants from national and state organizations operating within those networks, two federated and one partially unified. Interviews were analyzed using an interpretive process, and a thematic structure relating to the issues and impact of trust and distrust within the three networks was developed. Extant levels of trust, transparency, the capacity to build trust, and leadership emerged as the key themes in the study. The degree to which each of these dimensions was embedded in the cultures and processes of each network varied significantly. Leadership specifically, as a key finding, was shown to be an important factor in fostering collaborative relations at the governance level of these systems. A number of implications for sport governance practice and possible extensions for sport governance research based on these findings conclude the article.

scholarly journals Tahapan Perilaku Aktor Jaringan Komunikasi Pada Sosialisasi Isu Bullying

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-239
Author(s):  
Ruvira Arindita ◽  
Yoedo Shambodo
Keyword(s):  
Communication Network ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Actor Network ◽  
Close Friendships ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Significant Factors

Bullying has been an alarming issue for kids and teenagers nowadays. One of community that shares serious concern over this issue is Sudah Dong. This study aims to find out how the behaviour stages of actors in creating the communication networks between the volunteers of Sudah Dong community by employing the qualitative approach with in-depth interviews and observation, and theory of actor network. The result of this research revealed that the main volunteers have done the six stages of behaviour to create communication network, including problemization, interessement, enrollment, mobilization, dan inscription. Few focal actors have become the strongest nodes of the communication network and contributed much to the existence of the community. Moreover, human collectivism such as supporting organizations and private sectors were also contributing factors for the network. The non-human factors namely events and media helped attract individuals to join as volunteers. This research also found that only a few main volunteers actively participated in the community, but it was relatively effective to run the community. The shared feelings towards bullying issues and the close friendships ties were the significant factors strengthening the communication network among the main volunteers.

scholarly journals The Gap Rock Lighthouse: construction and typhoon damage

2019 ◽  
Vol 377 (2155) ◽  
pp. 20190013 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Y. Deng ◽  
S. W. Poon
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
The Qing Dynasty ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
The Face ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
Maritime Infrastructure ◽  
Depth Interviews

This paper focuses on the Gap Rock lighthouse, a legendary maritime infrastructure built 130 years ago in the Chinese territory and an early example of joint venture among the Qing Dynasty, the British Empire and the Hong Kong Colonial Government over a course of two decades. Based on 4 years of cross-territorial archival and field research as well as in-depth interviews with descendants of two key stakeholders, the origin of this lasting legacy on the sea is traced, followed by a detailed account of its challenging processes of planning, design and construction, and of the considerable damage to the compound by a severe typhoon in 1893. A qualitative analysis of the key contributing factors of the damage was conducted by taking into consideration the Island's unique topography and the historical records of territorial weather reports. A re-construction of the typhoon impact on the Lighthouse is presented to explain the possible mistakes in its siting and design that eventually caused the severe damage. This serves as a reminder of the significance of a thorough geographical investigation for any infrastructure for all construction professionals in the face of climatic change. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Environmental loading of heritage structures’.

scholarly journals Planned hooligan fights: Contributing factors and significance for individuals who take part

2020 ◽  
pp. 147737082093208
Author(s):  
Tom van Ham ◽  
Otto M.J. Adang ◽  
Henk B. Ferwerda ◽  
Theo A.H. Doreleijers ◽  
Arjan A.J. Blokland
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Criminal Career ◽  
Collective Violence ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
Depth Interviews

Several European countries have recently been confronted with mutually arranged confrontations between hooligan groups in a predesignated setting. This article explores the significance of this form of collective violence for those involved and how this relates to existing collective violence theory. In addition to international and national questionnaires and subsequent in-depth interviews with police officials, two case studies were conducted and compared with a ‘regular’ (not mutually arranged) hooligan confrontation. We also assessed the criminal history and psychological traits of individuals participating in mutually arranged fights ( n = 38) and individuals taking part in a regular confrontation ( n = 76). Our results indicate that the meaning of mutually arranged confrontations differs importantly from that of spontaneous collective violence. Furthermore, data indicate that criminal career measures differ between individuals who are involved in mutually arranged confrontations and spontaneous collective violence. Theoretical implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Early and Forced Child Marriages in Rural Western Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-110
Author(s):  
Pitambar Acharya ◽  
Benjamin Welsh
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Method ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Rural Municipality ◽  
Depth Interviews

After reviewing the state of early and forced child marriage (ECM) globally and nationally within Nepal, this research assessed the determinants, consequences and preventive measures of ECM in rural municipalities in Nepal today. This mixed method surveyed 167 households taking 15 % sample from the clusters of three wards of Badhaiyatal Rural Municipality in Bardiya and Dullu Municipality in Dailekh of Western Nepal. Besides household survey, six Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), 16 Key Informant's Interviews (KIIs), and 12 In-depth-Interviews (IDIs) were also conducted. There was the prevalence of ECM in 94% of the total sampled households. Majority (64%) of the marriages had taken place at the age of 15-19 years. Besides, about 23% of the marriage had occurred at 10-14 years. Average age at marriage was 16.5 years. Lack of awareness, self-elopement, misuse of social media, and parents’ perception of daughters as burden were some contributing factors of ECM. Unsafe sexual behavior, unwanted pregnancy and its risk to unsafe abortion, maternal and child mortality, deprivation of education and self- dependence and violence were some effects of ECM. Recommendations to address ECM and curb its negative effects are presented.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Social Lead-Up to a Human-Induced Disaster: The Gas Extraction-Earthquake Nexus in Groningen, The Netherlands

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Bakema ◽  
Constanza Parra ◽  
Philip McCann
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Gas Extraction ◽  
The Social ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Governance Processes ◽  
Depth Interviews

The overwhelming impact that disasters have on societies is fed by socio-economic vulnerabilities and political-institutional factors. Disasters are, therefore, increasingly regarded as partially created by humans instead of as purely natural events. Although the “social creation” of disasters is assumed to occur “above the ground” and triggered by extreme natural events, this article explores several dimensions to the social creation of disasters, including technological and institutional dimensions from both “above” and “below the ground”. It furthers the understanding of disaster governance by investigating processes that generate the social lead-up to a human-induced disaster, and that are installed to deal with its consequences. Focusing on the case of Groningen, the Netherlands, where gas extraction leads to earthquakes, the article looks in particular at the interrelationships between different state and non-state actors in the governance dynamics that structure the processes to deal with the earthquake issues. Based on in-depth interviews with a variety of stakeholders, we found that public-private institutional structures, the nature of the disaster and societal (dis)trust are entangled and influence disaster governance processes mediating resilience and sustainability. The article concludes by arguing that both the causes of (human-induced) disasters and the approaches to disaster mitigation lie in these political-institutional and governance fundaments.

scholarly journals Contributing Factors to Older Teen Mothers’ Academic Success as Very Young Mothers

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Hernandez ◽  
Hazza M. Abu Rabia
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Teen Mothers ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Young Mothers ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Early School ◽  
Recommended Services ◽  
Depth Interviews

This qualitative study explores the factors contributed to 13 older teen mothers’ academic success as very young mothers. The participants were older teen mothers who were pregnant and gave birth at the age of 16 years old or younger, and who have achieved a college degree from an accredited college or university while they raised their child(ren). In depth interviews were employed to document and analyze older teen mother experiences. One-on-one interviews with the participants revealed multiple factors assisted older teen mothers’ academic success, including family and other individuals support, teachers, early school attendance, personal drive, and responsibilities. While further research is needed, these findings suggest that developing holistic services for teen mothers is needed to assist in developing future academic success. A holistic approach includes mind, body and spirit (Arsenian, n.d.). These recommended services could be developed within existing programs and should include activities to promote self-awareness, health and some form of exploration of values, faith and family.

A CALL-Mediated Course to Enhance EFL Pre-Service Teachers' Engagement

2018 ◽  
pp. 170-186
Author(s):  
Sri Rejeki Murtiningsih ◽  
Fitria Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Learning Platform ◽  
Depth Interviews

It is important for students to be engaged in any given course. For EFL pre-service teachers, being engaged in a course is essential because they can benefit linguistically, cognitively, and pedagogically. The present chapter presents a CALL-mediated course that was able to enhance EFL pre-service teachers' engagement by using Edmodo as its learning platform. Also, this study explores the contributing factors that a CALL-mediated course has towards their engagement. Three EFL pre-service teachers agreed to voluntarily participate in this exploratory study. Through in-depth interviews, they described their engagement and factors affecting their participation. The findings reveal that the EFL pre-service teachers were highly encouraged and inspired to utilize Edmodo and adopt the activities designed for the course. Obstacles and challenges encountered by EFL pre-service teachers are also discussed.

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