scholarly journals Policy Proposal for Improving the Safety and Quality of Hemodialysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-131
Author(s):  
Chul Woo Yang
Keyword(s):  
Policy Proposal

scholarly journals The impact of Court Fairness on Innovation: Firm-Level Evidence from World Enterprise Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-355
Author(s):  
Syed Mumtaz Ali Kazmi ◽  
Waqar Ahmad ◽  
Hira Zulfiqar ◽  
Syed Muhammad Imran
Keyword(s):  
Developing Country ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Policy Proposal ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Quality Of Institutions ◽  
The World ◽  
Enterprise Survey ◽  
The Impact

Innovation works as an engine of growth for the country and the backbone for the performance of the firm. Pakistan is a developing country and it is lagging behind in terms of innovation activities in the region. In Pakistan, due to the weaker quality of institutions, court fairness is biased. The objective of the study was to measure the effect of court fairness on the innovation of the firm in the case of Pakistan using the World Enterprise Survey. The results of the study indicate that court fairness increases the likelihood of innovation. From the perspective of the policy proposal, it is suggested that proper reforms in the judicial system must be initiated and it is the utmost need of the society, firms, and the nation as a whole.

scholarly journals Malcontents and Monopoly Rents: An Analysis of the Nature and Quality of Discourse Around, and the Drivers of, Policy Change in the New Zealand Electricity Sector

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Daniel Wilson
Keyword(s):  
State Intervention ◽  
Considerable Change ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
The Political ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Policy Proposal ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
Monopoly Rents

<p>New Zealand’s electricity sector has undergone considerable change in the three decades to 2015. Those changes are part of a broader shift within the political landscape, from state intervention to market dominance and the view of individuals as consumers. An ill-fated policy proposal in 2013 called NZ Power sought to reduce electricity prices, and implement structural reform that would reverse decades of change within the sector.  This thesis examines the context in which the reforms to the sector occurred so as to understand better why some policies are successfully implemented and other proposals fail. Specifically, this thesis examines the triumvirate of principal goals the sector has sought to achieve, and the political discourse around them: security of supply, economically efficient prices, and minimising environmental damage. From these insights, a framework is constructed against which future policies can be assessed as to the likelihood of their successful implementation.</p>

A Policy Proposal for Improving the Quality of Life for the Middle-Aged People: Focusing on Lifestyle

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-541
Author(s):  
Min Ah Yang ◽  
Seung-Ju Lim ◽  
Dae-Sung Han ◽  
Ji-Hyuk Park
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Policy Proposal ◽  
Aged People

scholarly journals Malcontents and Monopoly Rents: An Analysis of the Nature and Quality of Discourse Around, and the Drivers of, Policy Change in the New Zealand Electricity Sector

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Daniel Wilson
Keyword(s):  
State Intervention ◽  
Considerable Change ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
The Political ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Policy Proposal ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
Monopoly Rents

<p>New Zealand’s electricity sector has undergone considerable change in the three decades to 2015. Those changes are part of a broader shift within the political landscape, from state intervention to market dominance and the view of individuals as consumers. An ill-fated policy proposal in 2013 called NZ Power sought to reduce electricity prices, and implement structural reform that would reverse decades of change within the sector.  This thesis examines the context in which the reforms to the sector occurred so as to understand better why some policies are successfully implemented and other proposals fail. Specifically, this thesis examines the triumvirate of principal goals the sector has sought to achieve, and the political discourse around them: security of supply, economically efficient prices, and minimising environmental damage. From these insights, a framework is constructed against which future policies can be assessed as to the likelihood of their successful implementation.</p>

The moral quality of work in international economic institutions: resisting complacency

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maksymilian Del Mar ◽  
Oche Onazi
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Economic Institutions ◽  
Policy Proposal ◽  
Quality Of Work ◽  
The Third ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
Moral Quality ◽  
Specific Community

This paper offers a theory through which, we argue, we can more appropriately evaluate and potentially improve the moral quality of work. There are three components to such a theory. The first two components, which we argue need to be integrated, are normative resources that appeal to two different behavioural capacities: first, the articulation of rules, appealing to the capacity of agents to deliberate about what they ought to do; second, the introduction of forms of institutional design, appealing to the capacity of agents to acquire habits and dispositions in certain social environments. The third and most important component is that of the infinity of suffering and vulnerability. This component has both a negative and a positive aspect. On the negative side, the component is designed to assist us in recognising the inevitable limitations of either normative resource or indeed any one integrated totality of normative resources (i.e., both rules and forms of institutional design). Those limitations consist in the narrowing of the domain of objects of value towards which workers are guided or oriented by either or both normative resources. On the positive side, the component encourages us to construct alternative normative resources on the basis of alternative forms of representation of suffering and vulnerability. In that respect, the specific policy proposal of this paper is that of the establishment of Community Forums, which are designed to offer a framework thanks to which some of the particularities of suffering and vulnerability within a specific community can be recognised and communicated in a multiplicity of ways, thereafter forming a resource for the development of policy with respect to the challenges facing that specific community. The second part of the paper applies this theory to consider the value and limitations of second-generation reforms in international economic institutions. The third part of the paper further considers the values and limitations of reforms for access to public goods and services in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Climate-related financial risks as a governance challenge: An inclusive international public policy proposal

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-80
Author(s):  
Alessandra von Borowski Dodl
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Financial Risks ◽  
Policy Proposal ◽  
The Core ◽  
International Climate

This study focuses on climate-related financial risks as a governance issue, which drives our attention to the quality of stakeholders’ interactions. The theoretical approach is undertaken through the institutional literature lens, along with the works of Rawls (1971, 2001) and Sen (1992, 2000, 2009), and contributions from the conceptions of co-creation and inclusive development. The applied analysis is carried out by connecting climate change to financial risks under a scenario of uncertainty (Bolton, Despres, Pereira da Silva, Samama, & Svartzman, 2020; TCFD, 2017; Daniel, Litterman, & Wagner, 2019; Carney, 2016; Maier et al., 2016; NGFS, 2018, 2019). The core objective of this study is to present a public policy proposal that aims to support effective international climate-related agreements, from a procedural perspective. To this end, we start by presenting an institution, which is broken down into three propositions. This process enables us to undertake a critical analysis from a technical and normative standpoint. The latter is based on Bush (1987). The main contribution of this study is the rationale underlying that the best set of policies to face climate change issues is that representing agents’ strong engagement and commitment. Finally, although the applied analysis focuses on climate change issues, the discussion conducted here can be reproduced in other areas.

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

Lithography below 100 nm

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
L. D. Jackel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Electron Beam Lithography ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Local Electron ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Positive Resist ◽  
Exposure Process

Most production electron beam lithography systems can pattern minimum features a few tenths of a micron across. Linewidth in these systems is usually limited by the quality of the exposing beam and by electron scattering in the resist and substrate. By using a smaller spot along with exposure techniques that minimize scattering and its effects, laboratory e-beam lithography systems can now make features hundredths of a micron wide on standard substrate material. This talk will outline sane of these high- resolution e-beam lithography techniques.We first consider parameters of the exposure process that limit resolution in organic resists. For concreteness suppose that we have a “positive” resist in which exposing electrons break bonds in the resist molecules thus increasing the exposed resist's solubility in a developer. Ihe attainable resolution is obviously limited by the overall width of the exposing beam, but the spatial distribution of the beam intensity, the beam “profile” , also contributes to the resolution. Depending on the local electron dose, more or less resist bonds are broken resulting in slower or faster dissolution in the developer.

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