Transitivity and Intransitivity in English and Arabic: A Comparative Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Yasir Bdaiwi Jasim Al-Shujairi ◽  
Ahlam Muhammed ◽  
Yazan Shaker Okla Almahammed
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Transitive Verbs ◽  
Main Verb ◽  
Intransitive Verbs

<p>English and Arabic are two major languages which have many differences and similarities in grammar. One of the issues which is of great importance in the two languages is transitivity and intransitivity.  Therefore, this study compares and contrasts transitivity and intransitivity in English and Arabic. This study reports the results of the analysis of transitivity and intransitivity in the two respective languages. The current study is a qualitative one; in nature, a descriptive study. The findings showed that English and Arabic are similar in having transitive and intransitive verbs, and in having verbs which can go transitive or intransitive according to context. By contrast Arabic is different from English in its ability to change intransitive verbs into transitive ones by applying inflections on the main verb. Additionally, Arabic is different from English in the fact that some Arabic transitive verbs can take up to three objects.</p>

scholarly journals Functions of valency operators in Kamas

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-206
Author(s):  
Gerson Klumpp
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Transitive Verbs ◽  
Intransitive Verbs ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The One ◽  
Order Increase

AbstractThis article provides an account of the functional range of Kamas valency operators. Kamas is an extinct South Siberian language of the Samoyed branch of Uralic, which was in close contact with Turkic for many centuries. In the early 20th century, Kamas had two valency operators: (i) -Tə derived transitive from intransitive verbs as well as causative from transitive verbs; and (ii) -Ō derived intransitive from transitive verbs; in addition the intransitivizer, probably departing from pairs like edə- ‘hang up (tr.)’ > ed-ȫ- ‘hang (itr.)’, had acquired the function of specifying imperfective state-of-affairs, e.g. iʔbə- ‘lie down, lie’ > iʔb-ȫ- ‘lie’. The two markers may occur in combination in the order “increase-decrease” (-T-Ō), but not vice versa. While on the one hand the valency operators may be understood as verb derivation morphemes proper, i.e. verbs derived with the suffixes -Tə- and -Ō- are considered new lexical entries, their functional range also covers combinations with participles otherwise unspecified for voice. The valency decreaser -Ō occurs with participles of transitive verbs in order to specify P-orientation. The valency increaser -Tə has a variety of causative readings, among them causative-reflexive, causative-permissive, and causative-instrumental, and it also qualifies as a marker of control and/or characterizing activity. The discussion in this article is focused mainly on classificational issues.

scholarly journals AN ANALYSIS OF THE CONTENT WORDS USED IN A SCHOOL TEXTBOOK, TEAM UP ENGLISH 3, USED FOR GRADE 9 STUDENTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-153
Author(s):  
Sukontip Pijarnsarid ◽  
Prommintra Kongkaew
Keyword(s):  
School Textbook ◽  
Compound Nouns ◽  
Transitive Verbs ◽  
Intransitive Verbs

The purpose of this study were to study the content words used in a school textbook, Team Up in English 3, used for Grade 9 students and to study the frequency of content words used in a school textbook, Team Up in English 3, used for Grade 9 students. The study found that nouns is used with the highest frequency (79), followed by verb (58), adjective (46), and adverb (24).With the nouns analyzed, it was found that the Modifiers + N used with the highest frequency (92.40%), the compound nouns were ranked in second (7.59 %). Considering the verbs used in the text, it was found that transitive verbs were most commonly used (77.58%), followed by intransitive verbs (12.06%), linking verbs (10.34%). As regards the adjectives used in the text, there were 46 adjectives in total, 30 adjectives were used as attributive (65.21 %) and 16 adjectives were used as predicative (34.78%). As for the adverbs, it was found that adverbs of times were used with the highest frequency (37.5 % ), followed by the adverbs of purpose and degree (33.33%) , the adverbs of  frequency (12.5 %) , the adverbs of place  ( 8.33% ) and the adverbs of manner ( 8.33 % ).

scholarly journals Reflexive derivations in Thulung

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimée Lahaussois
Keyword(s):  
Verb Morphology ◽  
Limited Distribution ◽  
History Of ◽  
Transitive Verbs ◽  
Intransitive Verbs

Thulung Rai, an endangered Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Eastern Nepal, presents two derivational suffixes associated with reflexivization: -si and -s. The first, -si, is quite productive, found in complete paradigms, and derives reflexives, reciprocals, antipassives and anticausatives from transitive verbs (and occasionally from intransitive verbs). The second marker, -s, is more difficult to analyze: it has a limited distribution in verb paradigms, only appearing with 1pi and 3sg forms, and appears in a number of different contexts: it is found with the same types of derivations as -si but also — in some cases obligatorily, in others optionally — with verbs that do not have reflexive (or related) functions. It is even found with some transitive verbs. In this presentation, I will propose an analysis of the phenomena above based on elicited and narrative data I have collected in the field. The -s in fact has multiple, albeit related, origins: it is a phonological reduction of -si in certain circumstances, while in others it appears to be an older reflexivizing suffix which has been integrated, to different degrees, into verb morphology. With transitives, it appears to be a trace reflecting the complex derivational history of verbs which are derived from intransitives.

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CELL BLOCK WITH CONVENTIONAL SMEAR CYTOLOGY IN DIAGNOSING SEROUS EFFUSIONS- A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (06) ◽  
pp. 771-773
Author(s):  
Ravi Singh ◽  
Sukhwant Singh Hayer ◽  
Vaibhav Pandurang Mane ◽  
Rupali Gopal Yelave ◽  
Vishrabdha Rahul Pawar
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Cell Block

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of French and English Auxiliary Verbs

IJOHMN ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Akintoye, Festu Ayodimeji
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Auxiliary Verbs ◽  
The Past ◽  
French And English ◽  
Main Verb ◽  
French Grammar ◽  
The Way

Auxiliary verbs in English and French languages are very germane in constructing sentences in both languages. Therefore, this study examines the way auxiliary verbs are used in English and French Languages; and some features where learners of either language may encounter some difficulties in the course of learning. Our attention is drawn to auxiliary verbs because verb is what that makes any sentence functions the way it is. Verb is one of the most important parts of speech in French grammar and also in English .It is through verb that one knows when an action takes place. When a verb helps another verb to form one of its tenses in a sentence, such verb can be said to be auxiliary. This paper also focuses on auxiliary verbs and how verbs are used in the past and present indications. Auxiliary verbs cannot stand or function alone without relying on the main verb in both English and French languages. Finally, we shall concurrently consider in this paper how semi-auxiliary verbs function as modal auxiliary in French.

scholarly journals A SURVEY OF ERRORS INVOLVING JAPANESE TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS AMONG INTERMEDIATE VIETNAMESE LEARNERS - IMPLICATIONS FOR EFFECTIVE TEACHING METHODS

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Thi Minh Phuong
Keyword(s):  
Effective Teaching ◽  
Real World ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Negative Transfer ◽  
Passive Voice ◽  
The Real ◽  
Causative Constructions ◽  
Transitive Verbs ◽  
Word Translation ◽  
Intransitive Verbs

This study investigates the use of Japanese intransitive and transitive verbs among the Vietnamese using KY Corpus. It identifies major features of errors committed by the Vietnamese in their use of Japanese intransitive and transitive verbs, namely (1) errors due to confusion of verb transformation, which account for a high proportion; (2) errors because of the Vietnamese learners' failure in recognizing perspectives that result in construal of the real world, which may rely on the speakers' own perspective or on that of the perceived entities; (3) errors resulting from negative transfer or word-for-word translation from L1 to L2 involving the passive voice, causative constructions; and (4) errors related to the use of auxiliaries in sentences with intransitive and transitive verbs.

It’s a split, but is it unaccusativity?

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-568
Author(s):  
Friederike Lüpke
Keyword(s):  
Intransitive Verb ◽  
Grammatical Relations ◽  
Single Argument ◽  
Transitive Verbs ◽  
Intransitive Verbs

Jalonke, a Mande language of Guinea, exhibits a formal split of intransitive verbs with respect to the possessive construction in which they appear. Whenever the single argument of a nominalized intransitive verb is linked to the possessor of the nominalized verb, an inalienable possessive construction is used with some verbs, and an alienable possessive construction with others. The inalienable possessive construction is also used for nominalized transitive verbs when possessed by their object participants, while the alienable possessive construction is used for transitive verbs possessed by their subject participants. Although synchronically not fully productive, this split points towards a diachronic explanation in terms of unaccusativity. It can be explained, however, without recurrence to different initial grammatical relations, but by relying on semantic differences only.

Passive and grammaticalization in Hausa

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahamane Laoualy Abdoulaye
Keyword(s):  
General Situation ◽  
Verbal Morphology ◽  
Transitive Verbs ◽  
Intransitive Verbs ◽  
Passive Verbs

Hausa uses a (...)LH-u verbal morphology to derive (i) typical passive forms with an optional intensive/completive meaning, and (ii) some non-passive verbs with an obligatory intensive meaning and which are based on intransitive verbs. After a detailed description of the two forms, I propose that originally, the (...)LH-u morphology was only applied to intransitive middle verbs to derive intensive forms. Later however, the (...)LH-u morphology was grammaticalized and applied to transitive verbs to derive passive forms. I will show that the Hausa passive has continued its grammaticalization process, weakening its intensive and stative semantics, and allowing non-patient nominals to be passive subjects. This analysis implies that previously, Hausa had no passive, and this fits with the general situation in Chadic languages where indeed passive is a rare construction.

Zur koreanischen Entsprechung für deutsche deverbale Substantivgruppen

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 430-456
Author(s):  
Han Yong Nam
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Korean Language ◽  
Semantic Relationships ◽  
Transitive Verbs ◽  
Intransitive Verbs

Abstract This paper deals with the morphological, syntactic and semantic features of the German deverbal noun phrases. It also examines important aspects to be considered for the correct choice of the Korean equivalents for the German deverbal noun phrases. The focus was on the semantic relationships between the head word and the dependent word in the noun phrases derived from transitive verbs, case-governing intransitive verbs and intransitive verbs without case-governing, and the method of finding equivalents in Korean language.

scholarly journals PERAN SEMANTIS DALAM KONSTRUKSI DATIF BAHASA JEPANG

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Made Dian Ratna Aryani
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Language ◽  
Semantic Role ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Multiple Objects ◽  
Semantic Roles ◽  
Case Grammar ◽  
Transitive Verbs ◽  
Direct Objects ◽  
Intransitive Verbs ◽  
Action Verbs

This study aims to describe the verbs that give rise to dative construction and the semantic roles that arise in dative construction in Japanese sentence structure, which includes the agentif role, benefactive role, experience role, and objective role. The theory used in this study is the theory of Givon (2001), Cook's Case Grammar Theory (1979), and the theory of inheritance from Nitta (1991). Data sources are taken from the Japanese corpus, www.kotonoha.gr.jp/shonagon/ This research shows Japanese language  is a language marked or a file. The case in Japanese here is closely related to the system of inheritance in the Japanese sentence structure. The marker is attached after noun (noun). The markers or particles that state direct objects are accusative markers 'o' and markers datif  'ni' as markers of indirect objects. The verb found in this study is tatakareta 'has been tapped', yonde kureta 'has read', tooraseta 'has (caused) passed', and oboeta 'has remembered' which can bring up multiple objects, namely the order of direct objects and indirect objects. The results of this study, (1) show the verbs that allow the emergence of multiple objects, especially indirect objects (IO) in the construction of Japanese, are transitive verbs or action verbs and intransitive verbs in the form of idou doushi 'moving verbs' are causative in Japanese language {~ exciting / ~ saseru} means to make / cause, and (2) the semantic roles that arise in the dative construction of Japanese sentence structures (BJ) include (a) agentive roles, (b) benefactive roles, (c) experience roles, and (c) objective roles. Semantically the verbs that give rise to the semantic role are keizoku doushi 'continuous verbs' and shunkan doushi 'pungtual verbs'.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document