scholarly journals Raw Glycerol as an Alternative Carbon Source for Cultivation of Exopolysaccharide-Producing Bacteria

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Renata Aguirre Trindade ◽  
Adriel Penha Munhoz ◽  
Carlos André Veiga Burkert
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pseudomonas Oleovorans ◽  
Raw Glycerol ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Alternative Carbon Source

<p>The large-scale use of biodiesel has shown significant environmental benefits as regards the reduction of global warming impacts. The increased generation of glycerol, the main byproduct of the reaction, makes necessary to propose alternatives to its use. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate raw glycerol (RG), a byproduct from biodiesel synthesis, as a carbon source for the cultivation of bacteria recognized as exopolysaccharides (EPSs) producers, compared with sucrose (S) and with a mixture of both components in a ratio of 1:1 w:w (SRG). The bacteria used were: <em>Xanthomonas campestris </em>pv. <em>mangiferaeindicae</em> IBSBF 1230, <em>Pseudomonas oleovorans</em> NRRL B-14683, <em>Sphingomonas capsulata</em> NRRL B-4261 and <em>Zymomonas mobilis</em> NRRL B-4286. All bacteria were capable of growing and producing EPSs using RG as the sole carbon source. For <em>X</em>. <em>campestris</em>, EPSs concentration of around 4.00 g L<sup>-1</sup> was found for the different carbon sources tested. For <em>P. oleovorans</em>, only the medium composed by S (0.85 g L<sup>-1</sup>) differed from the other media, with better results being found using RG and SRG. <em>S. capsulata</em> showed higher concentration in the medium containing S and SRG, around 3.40 g L<sup>-1</sup>, and in the medium containing RG this value decreased to 1.70 g L<sup>-1</sup>. <em>Z. mobilis</em>, on the other hand, showed a better result using SRG (1.41 g L<sup>-1</sup>), and in the medium containing S and RG, these values were lower, reaching 0.27 and 0.77 g L<sup>-1</sup>, respectively.</p>

scholarly journals Natural Carbon Nanodots: Toxicity Assessment and Theranostic Biological Application

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1874
Author(s):  
Ming-Hsien Chan ◽  
Bo-Gu Chen ◽  
Loan Thi Ngo ◽  
Wen-Tse Huang ◽  
Chien-Hsiu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Carbon Nanodots ◽  
Biological Application ◽  
Treatment Research ◽  
Natural Carbon

This review outlines the methods for preparing carbon dots (CDs) from various natural resources to select the process to produce CDs with the best biological application efficacy. The oxidative activity of CDs mainly involves photo-induced cell damage and the destruction of biofilm matrices through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby causing cell auto-apoptosis. Recent research has found that CDs derived from organic carbon sources can treat cancer cells as effectively as conventional drugs without causing damage to normal cells. CDs obtained by heating a natural carbon source inherit properties similar to the carbon source from which they are derived. Importantly, these characteristics can be exploited to perform non-invasive targeted therapy on human cancers, avoiding the harm caused to the human body by conventional treatments. CDs are attractive for large-scale clinical applications. Water, herbs, plants, and probiotics are ideal carbon-containing sources that can be used to synthesize therapeutic and diagnostic CDs that have become the focus of attention due to their excellent light stability, fluorescence, good biocompatibility, and low toxicity. They can be applied as biosensors, bioimaging, diagnosis, and treatment applications. These advantages make CDs attractive for large-scale clinical application, providing new technologies and methods for disease occurrence, diagnosis, and treatment research.

INVESTIGATION OF HOMOLOGOUS SERIES AS PRECURSORY HYDROCARBONS FOR ALIGNED CARBON NANOTUBE FORMATION BY THE SPRAY PYROLYSIS METHOD

NANO ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHI YANG ◽  
HUAGUI NIE ◽  
XUEMEI ZHOU ◽  
ZHEN YAO ◽  
SHAOMING HUANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Homologous Series ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Formation Enthalpy ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Spray Pyrolysis Method ◽  
Growth Environment

The precursory carbon source is one of the key parameters which govern the formation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). In this work, by selecting four homologous series, namely n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane and n-octane, as investigated targets, we comparatively study the relationship between thermodynamic properties of the precursory carbon source and formation of aligned CNTs. We find that all of these alkanes are favored for the growth of aligned CNTs in a suitable growth environment. But only n-heptane can yield the aligned CNTs with relatively high quality, high yield and narrow diameter distribution. Furthermore, after considering the link between thermodynamic properties of the precursory carbon source and the morphology characteristic of the nanotube samples, we find that the Gibbs free energy and formation enthalpy of precursory carbon sources play critical roles in the nanotube formation. In additions some possible explanations are proposed to better understand these phenomena. These rules will be very helpful in making clearer the formation mechanism from the precursory carbon sources to the CNTs, and preparing large-scale aligned CNTs with diameter control at low cost.

scholarly journals Effects of Carbon Source and Explant Type on Somatic Embryogenesis of Four Cacao Genotypes

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 753-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdoulaye Traore ◽  
Mark J. Guiltinan
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
The Other ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Explant Type ◽  
Embryo Maturation ◽  
Genotypic Effect

The effects of five carbon sources (glucose, fructose, maltose, sorbitol, and sucrose) and two explant types (petals and staminodes) on cacao somatic embryogenesis was studied. No growth was observed on both types of explants cultured on sorbitol containing media and slow growth was obtained on media supplemented with maltose. Depending on the genotype, the percentage of explants producing one or more embryos ranged from 6% to 99%, 18% to 98%, and 3% to 82% on media containing glucose, fructose and sucrose respectively. Explants cultured continuously on maltose or sorbitol-containing media failed to produce embryos. Staminode explants produced 3 to 10 times more somatic embryos than petals. A strong genotypic effect on somatic embryogenesis was observed. Staminode explants of the Forastero clones Laranja and PSUSca 6 produced 2 to 30 times more somatic embryos than the Trinitarios UF 613 and ICS 16. During embryo maturation and conversion, no significant differences were observed among glucose, fructose, maltose, or sucrose for embryo weight, total shoot and root production. However, we found that all plantlets produced on glucose had shoots with normal cacao leaves while the other carbon sources sometimes produced plantlets with cotyledon-like leaves.

scholarly journals A link between gut community metabolism and pathogenesis: molecular hydrogen-stimulated glucarate catabolism aids Salmonella virulence

Open Biology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 130146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reena Lamichhane-Khadka ◽  
Stéphane L. Benoit ◽  
Susan E. Maier ◽  
Robert J. Maier
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Molecular Hydrogen ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Salmonella Virulence ◽  
Alternative Carbon Source ◽  
Dependent Growth ◽  
High Level

Glucarate, an oxidized product of glucose, is a major serum organic acid in humans. Still, its role as a carbon source for a pathogen colonizing hosts has not been studied. We detected high-level expression of a potential glucarate permease encoding gene gudT when Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium are exposed to hydrogen gas (H 2 ), a gaseous by-product of gut commensal metabolism. A gudT strain of Salmonella is deficient in glucarate-dependent growth, however, it can still use other monosaccharides, such as glucose or galactose. Complementation of the gudT mutant with a plasmid harbouring gudT restored glucarate-dependent growth to wild-type (WT) levels. The gudT mutant exhibits attenuated virulence: the mean time of death for mice inoculated with WT strain was 2 days earlier than for mice inoculated with the gudT strain. At 4 days postinoculation, liver and spleen homogenates from mice inoculated with a gudT strain contained significantly fewer viable Salmonella than homogenates from animals inoculated with the parent. The parent strain grew well H 2 -dependently in a minimal medium with amino acids and glucarate provided as the sole carbon sources, whereas the gudT strain achieved approximately 30% of the parent strain's yield. Glucarate-mediated growth of a mutant strain unable to produce H 2 was stimulated by H 2 addition, presumably owing to the positive transcriptional response to H 2 . Gut microbiota-produced molecular hydrogen apparently signals Salmonella to catabolize an alternative carbon source available in the host. Our results link a gut microbiome-produced diffusible metabolite to augmenting bacterial pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Cultivation of the Oil-Producing Yeast Microorganism Rhodotorula mucilaginosa for Sustainable Production of Bio-Oil Energy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Yao Tsai ◽  
Hsuan-Ti Yu ◽  
Chun-Ping Lin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Rhodotorula Mucilaginosa ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Heat Method ◽  
Oil Source ◽  
Accumulation Of Lipids ◽  
Source Concentration

This study was focused on the development of oil-producing microorganisms to generate lipids. The yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (R. mucilaginosa) was selected for liquid-state cultivation, and the conditions for growth of the yeast cells were assessed. Additionally, the relationships between different nutrient elements and the growth of R. mucilaginosa were explored. The lipid accumulation of R. mucilaginosa is increased under nitrogen-restricted conditions. As the concentration of the carbon source increases, the accumulation of lipids is increased. However, if the carbon source concentration is further increased, the growth of yeast is inhibited. From a large-scale liquid fermentation culture with a fixed inoculation amount of 5%, and from a batch of culture experiments, it was determined that a suitable oil-producing culture was obtained on the 6th day, and the optimum conditions involved a carbon source concentration of 60 g/L, a nitrogen source concentration of 0.5 g/L, and a KH2PO4 concentration of 7.0 g/L. After utilizing different carbon sources in this study, it was found that glucose was the carbon source most conducive to the accumulation of R. mucilaginosa lipids. In addition, the extraction method and solvent for the extraction of R. mucilaginosa lipids were chosen. The acid-heat method using the green organic solvent ethyl acetate exhibited the best performance for extraction of yeast lipids under environmentally friendly and safe conditions. The analysis of lipids showed that the fatty acids obtained primarily contained C16:0, C18:1 and C18:2, and especially C18:1 (41%) lipids, indicating that R. mucilaginosa lipids are a good bio-oil source for the production of biodiesel.

scholarly journals Production of a β-glucosidase-Rich Cocktail from Talaromyces Amestolkiae using Raw Glycerol: Its Role for Lignocellulose Wastes Valorization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Méndez-Líter ◽  
Laura Isabel de Eugenio ◽  
Neumara Hakalin ◽  
Alicia A Prieto ◽  
María Jesús Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Commercial Preparation ◽  
Enzymatic Production ◽  
Raw Glycerol ◽  
Pretreated Wheat Straw

Abstract Background: As β-glucosidases represent the major bottleneck for industrial degradation of plant biomass, great efforts are being devoted both to discover novel and robust versions of these enzymes, as well as to develop efficient and inexpensive ways to produce them. In this work, raw glycerol from chemical production of biodiesel was tested as carbon source for the fungus Talaromyces amestolkiae with the aim of producing enzyme cocktails rich in this activity. Results: When using raw glycerol as sole carbon source, approximately 11 U/mL β-glucosidase were detected in these cultures, constituting the major cellulolytic activity. Besides, it was detected that the enzymatic production started when glycerol was completely depleted, which implicates that it was produced under carbon starvation stimuli. Proteomic analysis of the produced crudes revealed BGL-3 as the most abundant protein and the main b-glucosidase. This enzymatic cocktail was successfully used to supplement a basal commercial cellulolytic cocktail (Celluclast 1.5L) for saccharification of different pretreated wheat straw, and improving the yield that the commercial preparation can reach alone.Conclusions: This study corroborates that even hardly exploitable industrial wastes, such as glycerol, can be used by Talaromyces amestolkiae as carbon sources to produce very valuable enzymatic preparations for the production of biofuels and other bioproducts in a framework of circular economy.

scholarly journals First Report of Krymsk® 5 (cv. VSL 2) Cherry Rootstock In Vitro Propagation: Studying the Effect of Cytokinins, Auxins and Endogenous Sugars

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios TSAFOUROS ◽  
Peter A. ROUSSOS
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mother Plant ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Synthetic Auxins ◽  
Number Of Shoots

Krymsk® 5 (VSL-2) is a semi-dwarf cherry rootstock adaptable to a range of climates. The present study aimed to establish the first efficient in vitro propagation protocol for this rootstock. Therefore, six cytokinines, four adenine type (6-benzyladenine, 2-isopentenyladenine, kinetin and meta-topolin) and two phenylureas (thidiazuron and forchlorfenuron) at three (2.4 μΜ, 4.8 μΜ and 9.6 μΜ) concentrations plus three (0.24 μΜ, 0.48 μΜ, 0.96 μΜ) for thidiazuron only were tested during the multiplication stage. 6-Benzyladenine was the most efficient cytokinin, based on the number of shoots produced (3.5 shoots at 9.6 μΜ) and the number of nodes per explant (10 nodes at 9.6 μΜ) whereas the other aromatic adenine tested, i.e. meta-topolin, presented the highest number of nodes per cm and node per shoot. During the rooting stage the synthetic auxins 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (1-NAA) and indolebutyric acid (IBA) were tested at concentrations of 0, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 μΜ both separately and in all possible combinations. The percentage of successfully rooted explants reached 95% under the combination of 20 μΜ IBA plus 5 μΜ 1-NAA, whereas the highest number of roots recorded was 8.5 roots for the treatment 20 μΜ ΙΒΑ plus 2.5 μΜ 1-NAA. Furthermore, two different carbon sources were compared, the widely used sucrose and the endogenous sugar ratio of mother plant softwood shoot, sampled during late of May. Endogenous sugar ratio proved to be the preferable carbon source, since it increased the number of shoots produced and almost doubled the number of produced nodes per explant.

scholarly journals A Comparative Review on Different Trophic Modes and Usable Carbon Sources for Microalgae Cultivation, Approaching to Optimize Lipid Production in Trade Scale

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
Zahra Lari ◽  
Fatemeh Khosravitabar
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Microalgae Cultivation ◽  
Lipid Yield ◽  
Comparative Review

Microalgae are considered as an outstanding feedstock to produce high value lipid products like biodiesel and biomedicine. Reaching commercial maturity in this field is possible in the case of maximizing lipid yield and minimizing prime costs. In order to clarify the best features of carbon source (for microalgae cultivation) to reach optimum efficiency of biomass and lipid production, this paper reviews the merits and demerits of different trophic modes as well as type and concentration of carbon source. Furthermore carbon supplementation for large scale microalgae cultivation and lipid production is discussed as an economical point of view.

scholarly journals Polyhyrdoxybutyrate production by Bacillus marcorestinctum using a Cheaper substrate and its electrospinned blends with polymer

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swetha Narayankumar ◽  
Neethu K. Shaji ◽  
Veena gayathri Krishnaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Dry Cell Weight ◽  
Alternative Carbon Source

ABSTRACTPoly(hydroxybutyric acid) (PHB) and other biodegradable polyesters are promising candidates for the development of environment-friendly and completely biodegradable plastics. One of the major drawbacks in the production of PHB is production costs, since it requires large amount of carbon source. This calls for cheaper substrates that can be used as an alternative carbon source such as agro-industrial residues. In this study, cane molasses was used as an additional carbon source at 2% concentration along with glucose for large scale production of PHB. Ammonium nitrate was used as the nitrogen source and the C:N ratio was maintained at 1:15. The maximum production of PHB was obtained at 24hours of growth which was found to be 0.5g/L and had a dry cell weight of 3.7g/ L.The PHB produced was further analysed by GC-MS Analysis and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).The obtained PHB from scale-up studies were further electrospinned using different blends of polymers.

scholarly journals Glycerol as a carbon source for xantan production by Xanthomonas campestris isolates

2015 ◽  
pp. 197-206
Author(s):  
Bojana Bajic ◽  
Zorana Roncevic ◽  
Sinisa Dodic ◽  
Jovana Grahovac ◽  
Jelena Dodic
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Submerged Cultivation ◽  
Media Composition ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Cheap Alternative ◽  
Different Strains

The success of xanthan biosynthesis depends on several factors, most importantly the genetic potential of the production microorganism and cultivation media composition. Cultivation media composition affects the yield and quality of the desired product as well as production costs. This is why many studies focus on finding cheap alternative raw materials, especially carbon sources, to replace commercially used glucose and sucrose. In addition to the Xanthomonas campestris ATCC 13951 which is the primary industrial production microorganism, other Xanthomonas strains can produce xanthan as well. Under the same conditions, different strains produce different amounts of the biopolymer of varying quality. The aim of this paper is to compare producibility of phytopathogenic X. campestris strains, isolated from the environment with the reference X. campestris ATCC 13951 strain and to estimate the possibility of xanthan production using alternative glycerol-based media than the synthetic glucose-based media. Submerged cultivation on the medium based on glucose or glycerol (2.0 %w/v) was performed using the reference strain and eight isolated X. campestris strains. In order to assess the success of biosynthesis, xanthan yield and rheological properties were determined. Strains isolated from the environment produced yields between 2.98 g/L and 12.17 g/L on the glucose-based medium and 1.68 g/L and 6.31 g/L on the glycerol-based medium. Additionally, X. campestris ATCC 13951 provided the highest yield when using glucose (13.24 g/L), as well as glycerol-based medium (7.44 g/L). The obtained results indicate that in the applied experimental conditions and using all tested strains, glycerol is viable as a carbon source for the production of xanthan.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document