scholarly journals Bell Pepper Development and Water Potential as Affected by Soil Water Tensions and Nitrogen Doses

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 574
Author(s):  
Helane Cristina Aguiar Santos ◽  
Joaquim Alves De Lima Junior ◽  
William Lee Carrera De Aviz ◽  
Deiviane De Souza Barral ◽  
Renan De Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Soil Water Tension ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Shoot Mass ◽  
Water Tension

Considering the lack of technical information on the water depth and nitrogen fertilization via fertigation in bell pepper cultivation, this work aimed to provide management data for its production in the northern region of Brazil. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at FEIGA / UFRA, with a 1.0 x 0.50 m spacing, in a randomized block design, with a 5 x 4 factorial scheme, with three replications. The treatments consisted of five water tensions in the soil (15, 25, 35, 45 and 65 kPa) and four nitrogen doses (0, 135, 265 and 395 kg.ha-1). There was no interaction between the factors of water tension in the soil and nitrogen doses for any of the variables analyzed. Height of plants, fresh shoot mass and dry shoot mass showed significant differences only for nitrogen doses. Predawn potential, showed significant difference for soil water tensions and nitrogen doses. Ahead of the conditions under which this work was carried out and the results obtained for the variables analyzed for the bell pepper cultivation in a protected environment, we found that the soil water tension of 15 kPa and the nitrogen dose of 265 kg.ha-1 were ideal for the crop.

scholarly journals Response of broccoli to soil water tension under drip irrigation

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Bartolomeu Felix Tangune ◽  
Geraldo Magela Pereira ◽  
Rovilson José de Souza ◽  
Rafael Frees Gatto
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Soil Water Tension ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Granular Matrix ◽  
Water Tension

We evaluated the effect of different soil water tensions on the production of broccoli cultivated in a protected environment under drip irrigation in order to establish criteria for the adequate management of irrigation. A completely randomized block design was used, comprising six treatments and four replicates. The treatments included six soil water tensions (15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 kPa). Soil water tension was monitored with granular matrix sensors installed at depths of 0.2 m (decision sensors) and 0.4 m (seepage control sensors). Total and marketable fresh weight of broccoli heads, average diameter of marketable heads, height of marketable heads, and total and marketable yield were greatest when the soil water tension at a depth of 0.2 m was 15 kPa, at which the mean values of the evaluated variables were 0.84 kg, 0.76 kg, 20.5 cm, 11.7 cm; 26.5 t ha?1, and 23.7 t ha?1, respectively. Treatments did not significantly affect efficiency of water use or height of marketable heads.

scholarly journals YIELD OF FERTIGATED BELL PEPPER UNDER DIFFERENT SOIL WATER TENSIONS AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION1

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-183
Author(s):  
HELANE CRISTINA AGUIAR SANTOS ◽  
JOAQUIM ALVES DE LIMA JUNIOR ◽  
ANDRÉ LUIZ PEREIRA DA SILVA ◽  
GLEDSON LUIZ SALGADO DE CASTRO ◽  
RAFAELLE FAZZI GOMES
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Soil Water Tension ◽  
Best Value ◽  
Protected Cultivation ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Tension

ABSTRACT Considering the lack of technical information on the water depth and nitrogen fertilization via fertigation in protected cultivation for bell pepper production in northern Brazil, this paper aimed to study the soil water tensions under different nitrogen doses for the cultivation of bell pepper in protected environment. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Igarapé-Açu School Farm of the Federal Rural University of the Amazon, at 1.0 x 0.50 m spacing, using the experimental design of randomized blocks in a 5x4 factorial scheme, with three replicates. The treatments consisted of five soil water tensions (15, 25, 35, 45 and 65 kPa) and four nitrogen doses (0, 135, 265 and 395 kg ha-1). There was interaction between soil water tension and nitrogen doses only for nitrogen use efficiency, and the best value was obtained with the combination between soil water tension of 15 kPa and nitrogen dose of 135 kg ha-1. Total number of fruits, fruit length and fruit diameter showed significant differences only as a function of soil water tensions. Production per plant, total yield and water use efficiency were statistically significant for soil water tensions and nitrogen doses. Therefore, for the conditions in which this study was carried out, it is recommended to apply a soil water tension of 15 kPa and nitrogen dose of 265 kg ha-1 for bell pepper cultivation in protected environment.

Citrus Carbohydrate Levels were Related to Irrigation Frequency but Not Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal (AMF) Inoculum

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 498a-498
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Fidelibus ◽  
Chris A. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Soil Water Tension ◽  
Root Starch ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels ◽  
Amf Communities ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Shoot Mass ◽  
Water Tension

Sugar and starch concentrations in leaves and roots of Citrus volkameriana Tan and Pasq were measured in response to irrigation frequency and AMF inoculum. Non-mycorrhizal seedlings were treated with a soil inoculum from one of five different communities of AMF; two AMF communities from Arizona citrus orchard soils, and three communities from undisturbed desert soils. Plants were assigned to frequent (soil water tension > –0.01 MPa) or infrequent (soil water tension > –0.06 MPa) irrigation cycles and were container-grown in a glasshouse for 4 months before tissues were analyzed. Fungal inoculum source did not affect shoot or root carbohydrate levels. Plants grown under high irrigation frequency had increased leaf and root starch levels and increased root sugar levels compared with those under low irrigation frequencies. High irrigation frequency also increased shoot mass.

scholarly journals Drip irrigation in coffee crop under different planting densities: Growth and yield in southeastern Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1116-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gleice A. de Assis ◽  
Myriane S. Scalco ◽  
Rubens J. Guimarães ◽  
Alberto Colombo ◽  
Anderson W. Dominghetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Soil Water Tension ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Coffee Cultivation ◽  
Water Tension

Irrigation associated to reduction on planting spaces between rows and between coffee plants has been a featured practice in coffee cultivation. The objective of the present study was to assess, over a period of five consecutive years, influence of different irrigation management regimes and planting densities on growth and bean yield of Coffea arabica L.. The treatments consisted of four irrigation regimes: climatologic water balance, irrigation when the soil water tension reached values close to 20 and 60 kPa; and a control that was not irrigated. The treatments were distributed randomly in five planting densities: 2,500, 3,333, 5,000, 10,000 and 20,000 plants ha-1. A split-plot in randomized block design was used with four replications. Irrigation promoted better growth of coffee plants and increased yield that varied in function of the plant density per area. For densities from 10,000 to 20,000 plants ha-1, regardless of the used irrigation management, mean yield increases were over 49.6% compared to the non-irrigated crop.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Soil Water Content in Maize Rotated with Pigeonpea Fallows in South Africa

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2761
Author(s):  
Misheck Musokwa ◽  
Paramu L. Mafongoya ◽  
Paxie W. Chirwa
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Soil Water Tension ◽  
Continuous Maize ◽  
Water Tension

Maize production under smallholder systems in South Africa (RSA) depends on rainfall. Incidences of dry spells throughout the growing season have affected maize yields negatively. The study examined water distribution and water use efficiency (WUE) of maize rotated with two-year pigeonpea fallows as compared to continuous maize without fertilizer. A randomized complete block design, replicated three times, was used with four treatments, which included continuous unfertilized maize, natural fallow-maize, pigeonpea + grass-pigeonpea-maize, and two-year pigeonpea fallow-maize. Soil water mark sensors were installed 0.2; 0.5; and 1.2 m on each plot to monitor soil water tension (kPa). Soil samples were analyzed using pressure plates to determine water retention curves which were used to convert soil water tension to volumetric water content. Maize rotated with two-year pigeonpea fallows had higher dry matter yield (11,661 kg ha−1) and WUE (20.78 kg mm−1) than continuous maize (5314 kg ha−1 and 9.48 kg mm−1). In this era of water scarcity and drought incidences caused by climate change, maize rotated with pigeonpea fallows is recommended among smallholder farmers in RSA because of its higher WUE, hence food security will be guaranteed.

scholarly journals Determination of soil water tension for irrigation management of sweet sorghum

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 1189
Author(s):  
Karen Marcelle de Jesus Silva ◽  
Ignacio Aspiazú ◽  
Arley Fiqueiredo Portugal ◽  
Renato Mendes de Oliveira ◽  
Polyanna Mara de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Water Retention Curve ◽  
Soil Water Retention Curve ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Soil Water Tension ◽  
Water Tension

Culturing of sweet sorghum is being considered as an excellent option for ethanol production, from an agronomical and industrial point of view. At present, information regarding the best soil water tension for beginning sweet sorghum irrigation is not available; hence, this study aimed to determine the adequate soil water tension under field conditions for beginning irrigation of four cultivars of sorghum. Two experiments were conducted at Nova Porteirinha, MG, in a randomized block design with sub-subdivided plots having four replications. Each experiment comprised six treatments of soil water tension (plots)-20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 kPa-for resuming sweet sorghum irrigation, and four sweet sorghum cultivars (subplots)-BRS 508, BRS 509, BRS 511, and CMSXS647. After planting, the soil water level in the plots was elevated to field capacity (10 kPa), and then the treatments were applied. During treatment application, irrigation was resumed when the soil water tension reached the limit established in order to elevate the soil water tension to 10 kPa. The amount of water replaced during each irrigation was determined by generating a soil water retention curve for the experimental area. The following parameters were evaluated: green mass production, juice volume, soluble solids (Brix), and tons of Brix per hectare (TBH). The different soil water tensions and cultivars, agricultural year, and interaction between tension and year significantly affected (p ? 0.05) the characteristics evaluated, according to the F test. The agronomical characteristics of the evaluated cultivars showed linear relationship with water supply in the soil. According to TBH, irrigation of sweet sorghum needs to be performed when the soil tension reaches 20 kPa. The TBH values did not differ significantly among the four cultivars at the 5% significance level according to Tukey test.

scholarly journals Irrigation Regimes Affect Yield and Water Use by Bell Pepper

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (5) ◽  
pp. 936-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doyle A. Smittle ◽  
W. Lamar Dickens ◽  
James R. Stansell
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Pan Evaporation ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Soil Water Tension ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Daily Evapotranspiration ◽  
Water Tension

`Keystone Resistant Giant' bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) was grown in drainage lysimeters under controlled soil water regimes during 1982, 1984, and 1985. Three irrigation regimes were imposed on bell pepper grown on two soil types during spring and fall growing seasons. Irrigation regimes consisted of applying water when the soil water tension at 10 cm exceeded 25, 50, or 75 kPa during crop growth. Yields and water use were greatest when irrigation was applied at 25 kPa. Regression equations are presented to describe the relationships of water use to plant age and to compute the ratios of daily evapotranspiration to pan evaporation (crop factors) for bell pepper grown under the three irrigation regimes.

scholarly journals EFEITO DAS TENSÕES DA ÁGUA NO SOLO NO DESENVOLVIMENTO VEGETATIVO E PRODUTIVO DA PIMENTA-DE-MACACO

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-153
Author(s):  
Leonardo Paula Souza ◽  
João Luis Zocoler ◽  
Celso Luis Bergo
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Crown Diameter ◽  
Soil Water Tension ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Water Tension ◽  
Piper Aduncum ◽  
O 10 ◽  
Essential Oil Yield ◽  
Productive Development

EFEITO DAS TENSÕES DA ÁGUA NO SOLO NO DESENVOLVIMENTO VEGETATIVO E PRODUTIVO DA PIMENTA-DE-MACACO*   LEONARDO PAULA DE SOUZA1; JOÃO LUIS ZOCOLER2 E CELSO LUIS BERGO3 * Artigo extraído da Tese do primeiro autor 1 Universidade Federal do Acre, Professor Doutor do Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, CEP 69.920.900, Rio Branco, AC, Brasil, [email protected] 2 Engenheiro Agrônomo, Prof. Adjunto, UNESP/Faculdade de Engenharia – Campus de Ilha Solteira - Departamento de Fitossanidade, Engenharia Rural e Solos, Av. Brasil, 56 - CEP: 15385-000 - Ilha Solteira (SP), [email protected] 3 Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Centro de Pesquisa Agroflorestal do Acre, Pesquisador em Fitotecnia, BR 364 - km 14, CEP: 69.900.970 - Rio Branco, AC - Brasil – CP 321, [email protected]     1        RESUMO   Avaliou-se o desenvolvimento vegetativo e produtivo da cultura Pimenta-de-macaco (Piper aduncum) em função de diferentes tensões da água no solo irrigada por gotejamento. Foi utilizado o delineamento de blocos ao acaso com cinco tratamentos (tensões de 20; 40; 60 e 100 kPa e Sem Irrigação) e quatro repetições. Realizou-se dois cortes da parte aérea da cultura para quantificação da biomassa e extração do óleo essencial. O 10 corte foi realizado aos dez meses de cultivo e o 20 corte, seis meses após. No primeiro corte em condições irrigadas nos últimos quatro meses, apenas a variável diâmetro da copa não apresentou diferença significativa entre os tratamentos avaliados. No 20 corte, apenas as variáveis rendimento de óleo essencial e teor de dilapiol no óleo essencial não foram influenciadas pelos tratamentos. A Pimenta-de-macaco apresenta tolerância moderada ao déficit hídrico e a faixa de tensão da água no solo para definir o momento de iniciar a irrigação na cultura é de 20 a 60 kPa.   Palavras-chave: óleo essencial, dilapiol, Piperaceae, irrigação por gotejamento.     SOUZA, L. P. de; ZOCOLER, J. L.; BERGO, C. L. EFFECT OF SOIL WATER TENSIONS ON VEGATIVE AND PRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF PIMENTA-DE-MACACO   2        ABSTRACT   The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of soil water tensions on vegetative and productive development for Pimenta-de-macaco (Piper aduncum) irrigated by drip system. The experimental design of randomized blocks, with five treatments (tensions 20; 40; 60 and 100 kPa and also with no irrigation) and four replications was used. Two harvests were made to quantify biomass and, consequently, essential oil extraction. The first harvest was performed when the culture reached ten months of cultivation and the second harvest after six months. In the first harvest in irrigated conditions in the last four months, only the crown diameter variable showed no significant difference among the treatments evaluated. In the second harvest, only the essential oil yield and dillapiole content in the essential oil were not influenced by the treatments. Pimenta-de-macaco has moderate tolerance to water deficit and the soil water tension recommends to initiate irrigation from 20 to 60 kPa.   Keywords: essential oil, dillapiole, Piperaceae, drip irrigation.

scholarly journals Pigeonpea Yield and Water Use Efficiency: A Savior under Climate Change-Induced Water Stress

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Misheck Musokwa ◽  
Paramu Mafongoya
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Water Tension ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Tension

Frequent droughts have threatened the crop yields and livelihoods of many smallholder farmers in South Africa. Pigeonpea can be grown by farmers to mitigate the impacts of droughts caused by climate change. An experiment was conducted at Fountainhill Farm from January 2016 to December 2017. The trial examined grain yield in addition to water use efficiency (WUE) of pigeonpea intercropped with maize versus sole pigeonpea and maize. A randomized complete block design, replicated three times, was used. Soil water tension was measured at 20, 50, and 120 cm within plots. The highest and lowest soil water tension was recorded at 20 m and 120 m respectively. Combined biomass and grain yield were significantly different: pigeonpea + maize (5513 kg ha−1) > pigeonpea (3368 kg ha−1) > maize (2425 kg ha−1). A similar trend was observed for WUE and land equivalent ratio (LER), where pigeonpea + maize outperformed all sole cropping systems. The inclusion of pigeonpea in a traditional mono-cropping system is recommended for smallholder farmers due to greater WUE, LER and other associated benefits such as food, feed and soil fertility amelioration, and it can reduce the effects of droughts induced by climate change.

scholarly journals Potassium silicate as a resistance elicitor in sweet corn yield traits under water stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ausbie L.G. Araújo ◽  
Amanda M. de Almeida ◽  
João De J. Guimarães ◽  
Fernando S. de Cantuário ◽  
Leandro C. Salomão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Potassium Silicate ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Soil Water Tension ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Corn Plants

Plant water stress is a major problem in the Cerrado biome of Brazil. Dry periods and random climatic events cause quality and yield losses in sweet corn plants. Compounds, such as silicon (Si), are being studied to reduce the negative impacts of water stress on agricultural crops. Further tests may allow farmers to increase the use of silicon-based compounds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production parameters of the sweet corn (Zea mays var. saccharata) (Poaceae) Tropical Plus® hybrid with water stress and potassium silicate doses applied with foliar spraying. A randomized block design with four soil water tensions (15, 30, 45 and 60 kPa) and four potassium silicate doses (0, 6, 12 and 24 L ha-1) was used in a greenhouse. The studied factors, alone or in interaction with each other, did not affect most of the sweet corn yield parameters. The hypothesis that these results may have been partially affected by the presence of silicon are discussed. The sweet corn plant yield was affected mainly by the soil water tension of 60 kPa.

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