scholarly journals Techniques to Estimate Colostrum Quality and the Effects of Cow Age and Pre-Partum Supplement Intake Levels on Colostrum Quality and Serum IgG Levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 411
Author(s):  
Julia M Dafoe ◽  
Samuel A Wyffels ◽  
Cory T. Parsons ◽  
Timothy DelCurto ◽  
Darrin L. Boss
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
Mixed Grass ◽  
Winter Grazing ◽  
Serum Igg Levels ◽  
Supplement Intake

This study evaluated cow age and supplement intake level during gestation on the quality of colostrum at calving, cow serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels at parturition, and serum IgG levels of the calf 3-days post-partum using two refractometer methods. Forty-five multiparous Angus cows were selected from a contemporary group of 300 cows that were winter grazing northern mixed grass prairie rangelands with free choice protein supplement. Specifically, 15 first service bred cows were selected for each of the following winter grazing supplement intake treatment groups: 1) low supplement intake (> -0.75 SD); 2) average supplement intake (± 0.50 SD); 3) high supplement intake (> +0.75 SD). Supplement intakes were measured using a SmartFeed Pro self-feeder system with 8 feeding units. Measurements were obtained from day 164 to 215 of gestation. Cows were further divided by age comparing young (4, 5, and 6 yr) to old (7, 8 and 9 yr). The results of this study suggest that cow age did not interact with supplement intake for colostrum or blood serum measurements (P ≥ 0.29). In addition, cow age and supplement intake did not influence colostrum Brix %, calf serum total protein, or cow serum total protein taken at birth (P ≥ 0.14). The optical refractometer was found to be a good alternative to the more expensive digital refractometer (P < 0.01; R = .96). In summary, cow age and supplement intake levels of mature cows during the mid to late stages of gestation did not influence colostrum quality at birth.

scholarly journals 281 Techniques to estimate colostrum quality and the effects of cow age and pre-partum supplement intake levels on colostrum quality and serum IgG levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 207-208
Author(s):  
Julia M Dafoe ◽  
Samuel Wyffels ◽  
Cory T Parsons ◽  
Boone Carter ◽  
Timothy DelCurto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
Rapid City ◽  
Serum Igg Levels ◽  
Supplement Intake

Abstract Our study was conducted to evaluate the influence of cow age and supplement intake level during gestation on the quality of colostrum at calving, serum IgG levels of the cow at parturition, and serum IgG levels of the calf 3 days post-partum using two on-farm refractometer methods. Forty-five non-lactating multiparous Angus cows were selected from a contemporary group of 300 cows winter grazing northern mixed grass prairie rangelands with free choice protein supplement. Specifically, 15 first service bred cows were selected for each of the following treatment groups: 1) low supplement intake (&gt; -0.75 SD); 2) average supplement intake (± 0.50 SD); 3) high supplement intake (&gt; +0.75 SD). Supplement intakes were measured using 8 feeding stations in a SmartFeed Pro self-feeder system (C-Lock Inc., Rapid City, SD) and measurements were obtained from d 164 to 215 of gestation. Cows were further divided by age comparing young (4, 5, and 6 yr) to old (7 and 8 yr). Cow age did not interact with supplement intake for any of the colostrum or blood serum measurements (P ≥ 0.29). In addition, cow age and supplement intake did not influence colostrum Brix %, calf serum total protein taken 3 d post-partum or cow serum total protein taken at birth (P ≥ 0.14). The optical refractometer was found to be a good alternative to the more expensive digital refractometer. When regressing values of the two techniques, they were observed to be correlated (P &lt; 0.01; R = .96). In summary, cow age and supplement intake levels of mature cows during the mid to late stages of gestation did not influence colostrum quality at birth. The lack of colostrum quality differences was likely due to the moderate to good condition of the cows and adequate nutrition 90 d prior to parturition.

Predicting colostrum and calf blood components based on refractometry

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Do T. Hue ◽  
John L. Williams ◽  
Kiro Petrovski ◽  
Cynthia D. K. Bottema
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
Newborn Calves ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Abstract Provision of good quality colostrum is essential for the passive immunity and nutrition of newborn calves. In order to better predict the quality of colostrum and the transfer of passive immunity, the relationships between colostrum components and between calf serum components were examined in this study. Samples of bulk tank milk, colostrum pooled from several cows 0–4 d postpartum, and colostrum collected from individual cows twice daily for 3 d post-partum were compared. With the exception of fat percentage, there were strong correlations between the levels of the components in the pooled colostrum and in the individual cow colostrum collected 0–1 d postpartum. The correlations between total solids as measured by Brix refractometry and total protein, immunoglobulin G (IgG), lactose % and protein % in colostrum within 1 d postpartum and pooled colostrum were 0.92, 0.90, −0.88 and 0.98, respectively. These high correlations enabled these colostrum components to be accurately predicted from Brix % and therefore, the volume of colostrum required to feed neonate calves can be optimised based on Brix refractometry to avoid failure of passive immunity transfer. To assess whether the components obtained from colostrum were correlated in calf blood, newborn calves were separated from their dams before suckling and blood sampled before feeding (day 0), and on days 1 and 7, after receiving colostrum or milk twice a day. The correlations between glucose, total protein, IgG, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels in the calf blood were lower than the correlations observed between the colostrum components. The highest correlation was between serum protein measured by refractometer and serum IgG within one week postpartum. GGT activity was not a good indicator of serum IgG levels. However, serum protein refractometer measurements predicted serum IgG level with high accuracy, providing an on-farm test to determine that calves have received sufficient passive immunity and colostrum components.

scholarly journals Techniques to estimate colostrum quality and the effects of cow age and prepartum supplement intake levels on colostrum quality and serum IgG levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S137-S140
Author(s):  
Julia M Dafoe ◽  
Samuel A Wyffels ◽  
Cory T Parsons ◽  
Boone H Carter ◽  
Timothy DelCurto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Igg ◽  
Serum Igg Levels ◽  
Supplement Intake

scholarly journals The influence of age and environmental conditions on supplement intake and behavior of winter grazing beef cattle on mixed-grass rangelands1

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S89-S92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel A Wyffels ◽  
Alyson R Williams ◽  
Cory T Parsons ◽  
Julia M Dafoe ◽  
Darrin L Boss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Mixed Grass ◽  
Winter Grazing ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Supplement Intake

scholarly journals The influence of age and winter environment on Rumax Bovibox and Bovibox HM supplement intake behavior of winter grazing beef cattle on mixed-grass rangelands

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S37-S42
Author(s):  
Samuel A Wyffels ◽  
Cory T Parsons ◽  
Julia M Dafoe ◽  
Darrin L Boss ◽  
Tyrell P McClain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Mixed Grass ◽  
Winter Grazing ◽  
Supplement Intake

scholarly journals 286 The influence of age and winter environment on Rumax Bovibox and Bovibox HM supplement intake behavior of winter grazing beef cattle on mixed-grass rangelands

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
Samuel Wyffels ◽  
Cory T Parsons ◽  
Julia M Dafoe ◽  
Darrin L Boss ◽  
Tyrell McClain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Nutrient Delivery ◽  
Quadratic Effect ◽  
Mixed Grass Prairie ◽  
Mixed Grass ◽  
Winter Grazing ◽  
Quadratic Effects ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Supplement Intake

Abstract This study evaluated the influence of cow age and temperature adjusted for windchill (Twindchill) on supplement intake behavior of cattle winter grazing northern mixed-grass prairie rangelands. A commercial herd of 291 (yr-1) and 316 (yr-2) bred cows were winter grazed on a 329-ha rangeland pasture for 2 years. Cows were assigned to one of six age classifications and were provided free-choice access to Rumax Bovibox HM (2018–2019) and Rumax Bovibox (2019–2020) protein blocks. The target daily intake range was 0.45–0.91 kg∙cow-1∙d-1. Supplement was provided in a SmartFeedPro self-feeder system to measure individual animal supplement intake and behavior. Average daily supplement intake (expressed as kg∙cow-1∙d-1) and variation in supplement intake displayed Twindchill × cow age × yr interactions (P ≤ 0.05). There was no effect of age on daily supplement intake at below average and above average Twindchill in yr 1 (P ≥ 0.07). Age displayed a quadratic effect on daily supplement intake at average Twindchill in yr-1 (P &lt; 0.01) but was limited to 3- and 4-yr-old cattle consuming more supplement per day than yearlings (P ≤ 0.02). During yr-2, cow age had a quadratic effect on supplement intake for all Twindchill conditions (P &lt; 0.01) where 3-yr-old cattle consumed more supplement per day than yearlings, 5–7- and ≥ 8-yr-olds (P ≤ 0.01). Cow age exhibited quadratic effects on variation in supplement intake across all Twindchill conditions during both years (P &lt; 0.01). However, the quadratic effects of age in yr-1 were limited to yearlings having higher variation in supplement intake than all other ages (P &lt; 0.01). In summary, both cow age and the winter environmental conditions interacted to influence animal supplement intake behavior and, as a result, nutrient delivery efficacy in winter grazing beef cattle.

scholarly journals The influence of age and environmental conditions on supplement intake by beef cattle winter grazing northern mixed-grass rangelands

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel A Wyffels ◽  
Julia M Dafoe ◽  
Cory T Parsons ◽  
Darrin L Boss ◽  
Timothy DelCurto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Mixed Grass ◽  
Winter Grazing ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Supplement Intake

Abstract This study evaluated the influence of cow age and temperature adjusted for wind chill (Twindchill) on supplement intake behavior of beef cattle winter grazing northern mixed grass prairie rangelands. A commercial herd of 272 (year 1) and 302 (year 2) bred cows (Angus, Simmental × Angus) ranging in age from 1- to 12-yr-old grazed a 329-ha rangeland pasture (~1.5 ha animal unit monthˉ 1) from November to January. Cows were grouped into seven age classes (1 yr old, 2 yr old, 3 yr old, 4 yr old, 5 yr old, 6 yr old, and ≥ 7 yr old) and were provided free-choice access to a 30% CP self-fed canola meal-based pelleted supplement with 25% salt to limit intake. The target daily intake was 0.91 kg cowˉ 1 dˉ 1. Supplement was provided in a SmartFeed Pro self-feeder system to measure individual animal supplement intake and behavior. An Onset HOBO U30-NRC Weather Station was placed near the supplement feeders to collect weather data for the entirety of the grazing period. Average daily supplement intake and the coefficient variation in supplement intake displayed a Twindchill × cow age × year interaction (P ≤ 0.02). There was a negative linear effect of age on supplement intake (kg cowˉ 1 dˉ 1) for days with below average Twindchill conditions in both years (P &lt; 0.01). There was also negative linear effect of age on supplement intake (g kg of BWˉ 1 dˉ 1) at average Twindchill in year 1 and below average Twindchill in year 2 (P &lt; 0.01). Cow age had a quadratic effect on supplement intake for days with below average Twindchill in year 1 (P = 0.02); however, this was a curvilinear response where yearlings and 2-yr-olds consumed more supplement per kilogram of BW than other age cattle (P &lt; 0.01). Cow age had positive linear effects on variation in supplement intake at below average Twindchill conditions in both years (P &lt; 0.01). Daily visits to the supplement feeders displayed a Twindchill × cow age interaction (P &lt; 0.01), where there was a linear decrease in visits with increasing age at below average Twindchill conditions (P &lt; 0.01). In summary, both cow age and the winter environmental conditions interacted to influence animal supplement intake behavior and, as a result, nutrient delivery efficacy in winter grazing beef cattle.

scholarly journals The Influence of Age and Winter Environment on Protein Block Intake Behavior of Beef Cattle Winter Grazing Mixed-Grass Rangelands

Ruminants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-201
Author(s):  
Samuel A. Wyffels ◽  
Cory T. Parsons ◽  
Julia M. Dafoe ◽  
Darrin L. Boss ◽  
Boone H. Carter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Nutrient Delivery ◽  
Mixed Grass ◽  
Winter Grazing ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Mixed Age ◽  
Protein Block ◽  
Supplement Intake

This study evaluated the influence of cow age and temperature adjusted for windchill (Twindchill) on supplement intake behavior of cattle winter grazing rangelands. A mixed-age herd of Angus-based cows (291 and 316 in year 1 and 2, respectively) were classified by age (1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5–7-, and ≥8-year-old) and grazed rangeland pasture (329-ha) for two consecutive winters. Cows were provided free-choice access to supplement protein blocks in a SmartFeedPro self-feeder system. An Onset HOBO Weather Station collected data throughout the grazing period. Supplement intake (expressed as kg∙d−1 and g∙kg body weight−1), the coefficient of variation in supplement intake and intake rate (g∙min−1) displayed Twindchill × cow age × year interactions (p ≤ 0.02). In general, cow age displayed a quadratic effect on all supplement intake variables (p ≤ 0.04), where 3- to 4-year-old cattle had the greatest supplement intake with the least variation, while yearling cattle had the least amount of supplement intake and the greatest variation. In conclusion, winter environmental conditions interacted with cow age to affect cattle supplement intake behavior and, consequently, the efficacy of nutrient delivery systems for beef cattle winter grazing on rangelands.

scholarly journals The influence of RFI classification and cow age on body weight and body condition change, supplement intake, and grazing behavior of beef cattle winter grazing mixed-grass rangelands

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S68-S73
Author(s):  
Cory T Parsons ◽  
Julia M Dafoe ◽  
Samuel A Wyffels ◽  
Megan Van Emon ◽  
Timothy DelCurto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Grazing Behavior ◽  
Condition Change ◽  
Mixed Grass ◽  
Winter Grazing ◽  
Supplement Intake

scholarly journals Evaluation of Different Methods to Estimate the Transfer of Immunity in Donkey Foals Fed with Colostrum of Good IgG Quality: A Preliminary Study

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 507
Author(s):  
Luca Turini ◽  
Francesca Bonelli ◽  
Irene Nocera ◽  
Valentina Meucci ◽  
Giuseppe Conte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Radial Immunodiffusion ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Economic Instrument ◽  
Over Time

The aims of the present study were to evaluate the correlation between IgG Serum Radial Immunodiffusion (SRID), Electrophoresis Gamma Globulins (EGG), Electrophoresis Total Protein (ETP) and the serum total protein (TP) analyzed by refractometry and by a dry chemistry analyzer (Biuret) and to estimate serum IgG concentrations using serum TP. A total of 36 samples collected at four different times (birth, 6, 12, 24 h after birth) from nine Amiata donkey foals were evaluated with SRID, EGG, ETP, serum TP Biuret and refractometry. SRID IgG concentration increased significantly over time until T12. Serum TP analyzed with refractometry, electrophoresis and Biuret showed a statistically significant difference between T0 and T6 vs. T12 and T24. A good or strong correlation was found between different tests performed. Equations to quantify serum IgG were created and can be used for estimating the donkey foals’ serum IgG in the first day of life. Serum TP refractometry showed a high correlation with SRID IgG (0.91) which may be a particularly useful and economic instrument to estimate the transfer of immunity in donkey foals during the first day of life. Further studies evaluating a high number of animals are needed in order to set specific cut-off values.

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