scholarly journals Characterization of Family Farming in the Semi-Arid Region of Bahia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Deise Cristiane do Nascimento ◽  
Maria Herbênia Lima Cruz Santos

The article aims to characterize the transformations that have occurred in family agriculture by examining the social, economic and political aspects in the semi-arid region of Bahia. It has as its central axis the statement that the rural world remains an important category for the analysis of relations among social classes. For this purpose, a bibliographic review was carried out on the subject, as well as the legal frameworks that legitimize the insertion of family agriculture. This study opted for the adoption of the dialectical materialism method, since the semi-arid region is part of a set that materializes in social, economic and political relations, influencing and receiving influence from the environment. Moreover, based on data from the 2017 Agricultural Census, a quantitative analysis was made by comparing establishments belonging to the family and non-family agriculture categories. Finally, it is believed that this study may contribute to understanding the characteristics of family agriculture and encourage seeking actions and public policies that consider the peculiarities of the farmers' way of life.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce K. N. Silva ◽  
Paulo S. Lucio ◽  
Cláudio M. S. Silva ◽  
Maria H. C. Spyrides ◽  
Madson T. Silva ◽  
...  

Abstract. The main objective was to create an indicator of agricultural vulnerability to drought in the Northeast of Brazil (NEB). The data used for precipitation belong to ANA (Agência Nacional das Águas) considering the climatological norm from 1979–2008. Data on agricultural productivity and demographic characteristics were obtained in the agricultural census of IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) in 2006 and, finally, data on natural disasters in the period 1991–2010 with CEPED (Centro de Estudose Pesquisasem Engenhariae Defesa Civil). The Multivariate Statistical Analysis Factorial technique allowed to reduce the number of variables and to estimate a model of the sensitivity component that reproduced 42 % of the original variance, besides the factors trying to represent the productive dynamics of the NEB. The results show that the Southern NEB presented the highest degree of agricultural vulnerability (17,81–121,44) in the 2000 census, when compared to the census of 2010. In the Southwest it is observed that a part of the semi-arid region presented a moderate degree (0,74–1,08) and much higher in extension when compared to the 2000 census, evidencing that exposure to drought does not directly influence the agricultural sensitivity in the most productive areas of the region. The adaptive capacity factor presented significant results for the composition of the indicator of agricultural vulnerability, mainly in the semi-arid region that varied from (0,71–5,42). In this way, it is concluded that, between the census, the southern and central part of the NEB reduced agricultural vulnerability, but the region should benefit from early warning systems as well as the development and adoption of natural resources and technology management, with the objective of ducating producers about the potential impacts of extreme events.


2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pollyana da Silva de Magalhães ◽  
Sandra Maria Furiam Dias

Esse estudo propõe uma metodologia pautada em estratégias participativas para a construção de uma matriz de indicadores para avaliação de programas/projetos de Educação Ambiental (EA) em saneamento. Para isso, conjugaram-se fundamentos teóricos e marcos legais de ambas as áreas a partir da construção, aplicação e validação de indicadores, com estratégias metodológicas onde, os interesses e percepções dos atores envolvidos em tais programas/projetos, pudessem ser conhecidos e eticamente negociados para que, assim, o rigor metodológico e os conhecimentos empíricos favoreçam o empoderamento dos envolvidos e, desse modo, a legitimidade e efetividade da avaliação. A presente proposta foi aplicada em um programa de EA para a gestão de resíduos sólidos desenvolvido em um município do semiárido baiano. Palavras-Chave: Educação Ambiental, Saneamento, Possibilidades Metodológicas, Construção de Indicadores, Avaliação de Programas/projetos. Abstract This study proposes a methodology based in participatory strategies for building a matrix of indicators for evaluating programs/projects of Environmental Education (EE) in sanitation. For this, theoretical grounds and legal frameworks in both areas were combined from the construction, application and validation of indicators with methodological strategies in which the interests and perceptions of the actors involved in such programs/projects could be known and ethically negotiated so that the methodological rigor and empirical knowledge favor the empowerment of those involved and thus the legitimacy and effectiveness of the evaluation. The present proposal was applied in an EE Program for Solid Waste Management developed in a municipality in the semi-arid region of Bahia. Keywords: Environmental Education, Sanitation, Methodological Possibilities, Construction of Indicators, Program/ projects Evaluation.


Author(s):  
João Paulo Gomes de Vasconcelos Aragão ◽  
Joel Santos Pereira Nobre

CHALLENGES OF COEXISTENCE WITH THE SEMI ARID: approach to the light of the economic and socioespacial configuration of the municipality of Esperança – PBDESAFÍOS DE LA CONVIVENCIA CON EL SEMIÁRIDO: enfoque a la luz de la configuración económica y socialespacial del municipio de Esperança – PBA convivência equilibrada com a natureza continua sendo um dos grandes desafios da sociedade contemporânea. Um exemplo disto ocorre no município paraibano de Esperança, no qual populações vivem em relação com a natureza do semiárido. A finalidade deste estudo foi analisar a configuração econômica e socioespacial, além dos desafios da convivência com o semiárido no município. O método utilizado foi inspirado em alguns princípios clássicos da Geografia, enquanto ciência social e historicamente estabelecida. Este método foi denominado de “DCACI”, resultado das letras iniciais dos cinco princípios geográficos trabalhados neste estudo enquanto etapas: 1. Delimitação, 2. Caracterização, 3. Analogia, 4. Conexidade e 5. Indicação. Os resultados obtidos indicam que, mesmo situado em uma área de transição entre clima úmido e semiárido, o município de Esperança não dispõem de condições técnicas suficientes para garantir de forma satisfatória uma convivência equilibrada com o semiárido. Apesar de ações isoladas, como as realizadas pelo Sindicato de Trabalhadores Rurais e Agricultores Familiares, que constituem avanços, vê-se no conjunto das dimenões socioespacial e ambiental do município, a contradição econômica social típica das políticas setorializadas as quais não têm priorizado a convivência sustentável com o semiárido.Palavras-chave: Convivência; Sociedade; Natureza; Semiárido; Esperança/PB.ABSTRACTBalanced coexistence with nature continues to be one of the great challenges of contemporary society. An example of this occurs in the Paraiba municipality of Esperança, in which populations live in relation to the nature of the semiarid. The purpose of this study was to analyze the economic and socio-spatial configuration, as well as the challenges of living with the semi-arid region in the municipality. The method used was inspired by some classical principles of Geography as a social science and historically established This method was called "DCACI", a result of the initial letters of the five geographical principles worked in this study as steps: 1. Delimitation, 2. Characterization, 3. Analogy, 4. Connectivity and 5. Indication. The results indicate that, although located in a transition area between humid and semi-arid climate, the municipality of Esperança does not have enough technical conditions to guarantee a satisfactory way of living a balanced life with the semi-arid region. In spite of isolated actions, such as those carried out by the Union of Rural Workers and Family Farmers, which constitute advances, the socio-spatial and environmental dimensions of the municipality show the social economic contradiction typical of sectoral policies, which have not prioritized sustainable coexistence with the semi arid.Keywords: Coexistence; Society; Nature; Semiarid; Esperança/PB.RESUMENLa convivencia equilibrada con la naturaleza sigue siendo uno de los grandes desafíos de la sociedad contemporánea. Un ejemplo de ello, ocurre en el municipio paraibano de Esperança, en el que poblaciones viven en relación con la naturaleza del semiárido. La finalidad de este estudio fue analizar la configuración económica y socioespacial, además de los desafíos de la convivencia con el semiárido en el municipio. El método utilizado fue inspirado en algunos principios clásicos de la Geografía, como ciencia social e históricamente establecida. Este método fue denominado "DCACI", resultado de las letras iniciales de los cinco principios geográficos trabajados en este estudio como etapas: 1. Delimitación, 2. Caracterización, 3. Analogía, 4. Conexiones y 5. Indicación. Los resultados obtenidos indican que, incluso en un área de transición entre clima húmedo y semiárido, el municipio de Esperança no dispone de condiciones técnicas suficientes para garantizar de forma satisfactoria una convivencia equilibrada con el semiárido. A pesar de acciones aisladas, como las realizadas por el Sindicato de Trabajadores Rurales y Agricultores Familiares, que constituyen avances, se ve en el conjunto de las dimensiones socioespacial y ambiental del municipio, la contradicción económica social típica de las políticas sectorializadas que no han priorizado la convivencia sostenible con el semiárido.Palabras clave: Convivencia; Sociedad; Naturaleza; Semiárido; Esperança/PB.


Author(s):  
Takoua Ben Hlel ◽  
Feten Belhadj ◽  
Fatih Gül ◽  
Muhammed Altun ◽  
Ayşe Şahin Yağlıoğlu ◽  
...  

Background:: Luffa cylindrica is a plant that is widely distributed in Africa and Asia and it can be grown in regions with tropical or subtropical climates. Few patents dealt with Loofah biological properties, including some functional foods formulated from its leaves. Objective:: This study aimed to structurally and functionally characterize the bioactive compounds of L. cylindrica leaves grown in two different environments. Methods:: The extracts of L. cylindrica leaves collected from two Tunisian locations: Essouasi (LE), a semi-arid region and Medenine (LM) an arid region, were investigated for their phenolic compounds and fatty acids using HPLC/TOF-MS and GCMS techniques respectively. Furthermore, the antioxidant capacity was evaluated with DPPH, Chelating effect, Hydroxyl radical and Superoxide anion scavenging activities while the anticancer activity against HeLa cell lines was assessed using xCELLigence real time cell analyzer and lactate dehydrogenase cytotoxicity assay. Results:: The antiproliferative capacity of both extracts was time and dose-dependent with LE presenting the lowest HeLa cell index (CI = 0.035 ± 0.018, 250 μg/ml). LE also showed the best cytotoxic capacity (56.49 ± 0.8%) and antioxidant potential (IC50 = 54.41 ± 1.12 μg/ml for DPPH and 12.12 ± 0.07 μg/ml for chelating effet). 14 phenolic compounds were detected in LE with ferulic acid being the major compound (5128.5 ± 4.09 μg Phenols/g) while LM had only 6 phenolics. GCMS analysis showed the presence of omega-3 fatty acids in LE. Conclusions:: Our findings suggest that L. cylindrica leaves, especially when collected from semi-arid regions, are promising for formulating nutraceuticals of interest.


2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. e00367
Author(s):  
Patrick Filippi ◽  
Stephen R. Cattle ◽  
Matthew J. Pringle ◽  
Thomas F.A. Bishop

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 927
Author(s):  
Jamshad Hussain ◽  
Tasneem Khaliq ◽  
Muhammad Habib ur Rahman ◽  
Asmat Ullah ◽  
Ishfaq Ahmed ◽  
...  

Rising temperature from climate change is the most threatening factor worldwide for crop production. Sustainable wheat production is a challenge due to climate change and variability, which is ultimately a serious threat to food security in Pakistan. A series of field experiments were conducted during seasons 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 in the semi-arid (Faisalabad) and arid (Layyah) regions of Punjab-Pakistan. Three spring wheat genotypes were evaluated under eleven sowing dates from 16 October to 16 March, with an interval of 14–16 days in the two regions. Data for the model calibration and evaluation were collected from field experiments following the standard procedures and protocols. The grain yield under future climate scenarios was simulated by using a well-calibrated CERES-wheat model included in DSSAT v4.7. Future (2051–2100) and baseline (1980–2015) climatic data were simulated using 29 global circulation models (GCMs) under representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5. These GCMs were distributed among five quadrants of climatic conditions (Hot/Wet, Hot/Dry, Cool/Dry, Cool/Wet, and Middle) by a stretched distribution approach based on temperature and rainfall change. A maximum of ten GCMs predicted the chances of Middle climatic conditions during the second half of the century (2051–2100). The average temperature during the wheat season in a semi-arid region and arid region would increase by 3.52 °C and 3.84 °C, respectively, under Middle climatic conditions using the RCP 8.5 scenario during the second half-century. The simulated grain yield was reduced by 23.5% in the semi-arid region and 35.45% in the arid region under Middle climatic conditions (scenario). Mean seasonal temperature (MST) of sowing dates ranged from 16 to 27.3 °C, while the mean temperature from the heading to maturity (MTHM) stage was varying between 12.9 to 30.4 °C. Coefficients of determination (R2) between wheat morphology parameters and temperature were highly significant, with a range of 0.84–0.96. Impacts of temperature on wheat sown on 15 March were found to be as severe as to exterminate the crop before heading. The spikes and spikelets were not formed under a mean seasonal temperature higher than 25.5 °C. In a nutshell, elevated temperature (3–4 °C) till the end-century can reduce grain yield by about 30% in semi-arid and arid regions of Pakistan. These findings are crucial for growers and especially for policymakers to decide on sustainable wheat production for food security in the region.


2021 ◽  
Vol 780 ◽  
pp. 146500
Author(s):  
Ajit T. Singh ◽  
C.M. Laluraj ◽  
Parmanand Sharma ◽  
B.L. Redkar ◽  
Lavkush Kumar Patel ◽  
...  

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