scholarly journals Inhibitory effects of Launaea taraxacifolia and Strychnos spinosa leaves extract on an isolated digestive enzyme linked to type -2 -diabetes mellitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Buenor Adinortey ◽  
Justice Kwabena Sarfo ◽  
Cynthia Ayefoumi Adinortey ◽  
Eric Gyamerah Ofori ◽  
Jeffrey Kwarteng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Inhibitory Potential ◽  
Strychnos Spinosa

Background: The most prevalent type of diabetes mellitus (Type-2), is managed using many approaches, including the lowering of postprandial hyperglycaemia. Inhibition of key enzymes involved in carbohydrate breakdown such as α-glucosidase and α-amylase has been reported as a novel strategy to delay the absorption of glucose after meals. This study sought to determine the in vitro inhibitory potential of Launaea taraxacifolia and Strychnos spinosa leaf extracts on α-glucosidase enzyme and also determine their modes of inhibiting the enzyme.Materials and Methods: Plant extracts were prepared using soxhlet apparatus. Inhibitory effect of extracts at different concentrations and mode of inhibition were carried out using α-glucosidase enzyme isolated from the small intestine of a guinea pig. Results: Extracts of Launaea taraxacifolia (LTE) and Strychnos spinosa (SSE) leaves showed α-glucosidase inhibitory potential of approximately 69 % and 79 % respectively as compared to 73 % for standard drug-acarbose at a maximum concentration of 1000 μg/mL. The IC50 values recorded were 205.2±0.044 μg/mL, 129.4±0.094 μg/mL and 196.9±0.036 μg/mL for LTE, SSE and acarbose respectively. The Lineweaver Burk plot showed an uncompetitive mode of inhibition for both LTE and SSE as depicted by the lower Km and Vmax of enzyme inhibited by extracts compared to control. Conclusion: Extracts of Launaea taraxacifolia and Strychnos spinosa leaves showed significant inhibitory effect on an isolated intestinal α-glucosidase enzyme in an uncompetitive mode

scholarly journals Evaluation of Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Vinca Rosea

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 783-786
Author(s):  
Anand Priya V. V. M, ◽  
K. Kranthi ◽  
K. Punnagai ◽  
Darling Chellathai David
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Vinca Rosea ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has developed into serious health problem worldwide. α-glucosidase inhibitors are used in management of Type II Diabetes mellitus. Medicinal plants are known to be effective in treating various diseases and disorders. Catharanthus roseus belonging to family Apocyanaceae is very well known for its anticancer property. The present study was aimed to compare the alpha glucosidase inhibitory effect of leaves and flowers extracts of Vinca rosea by an in-vitro assay. Methanolic extracts were obtained using Soxhlet apparatus. Yeast alpha glucosidase was used as the enzyme source. Acarbose was used as the reference drug. The % inhibition was calculated. The results proved that both leaves and flowers extract of Vinca rosea possess α-glucosidase inhibitor activity. The leaf extract (57.87%) showed a better activity when compared to flower extracts (48.31%). The result supports Vinca rosea as a potential source in treating Diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Effect of Avarai Kudineer on α- Amylase and α- Glucosidase Inhibition: A Preclinical Antidiabetic Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 818-825
Author(s):  
K. Rajalakshmi ◽  
P. Shanmugapriya ◽  
G. J. Christian ◽  
R. Jeeva Gladys
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Test Drug ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Polyherbal Formulation ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase

In recent years there has been a mounting interest towards the traditional medicine globally for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Avarai Kudineer (AK) is a Siddha classical polyherbal formulation that has been indicated for the management of Diabetes mellitus in Siddha literature. The goal of the present study is to provide an in-vitro evidence for the  antidiabetic potential of Avarai Kudineer in terms of  inhibiting the carbohydrate digesting enzymes alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase. Aavirai Kudineer (1/4) was prepared by boiling the ingredients weighed 20g in 80ml and reduced to 20ml and filtered according to the decoction preparation method as indicted in the Siddha literature. The filtrate was dissolved in DMSO to make stock solution and serially diluted to make different concentrations ranging from 10,20,40,80 and 100 µg/ml. The triplicates (n=3) were maintained. The invitro alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase enzyme inhibition of AK sample was compared with standard drug acarbose and the IC 50 value was calculated.The data was statistically analysed and expressed as Mean ± SD (n=3). The results showed that AK had maximum activity towards the inhibition of the enzyme alpha amylase (59.83± 7.10) and alpha glucosidase (71.94 ± 1.22) when compared with the standard acarbose81.42± 5.51 and 91.59 ±12.79respectively. The results reveal that the test drug AK has appreciable alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Phytochemical analysis and salivary amylase inhibition activities of Carica papaya leaf and Garcinia mangostana pericarp extracts and partially purified fractions

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Michael Russelle Alvarez ◽  
Paolo Robert Bueno ◽  
Raymond Oliver Cruz ◽  
Richard Macapulay ◽  
Francis Jayson Vallesfin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Salivary Amylase ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Plant-derived digestive enzyme inhibitors particularly those targeted to carbohydrate metabolism has been the focus of recent studies as natural supplements for weight control and diabetes. The present study explores the salivary amylase inhibition activity of Garcinia mangostana (Linn.) pericarp extracts and Carica papaya (Linn.) leaf extracts and fractions, as well as perform phytochemical screening and quantification, and thin layer – and high performance liquid chromatographic profiling. ­Results show that crude extracts and purified fractions were able to inhibit salivary amylase, with C. papaya fraction 1 being the most active at 30.89% inhibition. Phytochemical screening of all extracts tested ­positive for tannins, glycosides, phenolics, flavonoids and alkaloids. Quantification of phenolics showed that extracts contained high levels of phenolics, with C. papaya crude extract having the highest content with 219.0±12.7 mg GAE/g extract followed by G. mangostana crude extract with 247.1±18.0 mg GAE/g extract. Quantification of total flavonoids also showed C. papaya crude extract to contain the highest content with 55.12±0.679 mg QE/g extract. All extracts contained negligible alkaloid content, though. HPLC and TLC profiling showed several peaks and bands, when viewed in 210 nm and UV light, respectively. These results demonstrate in vitro the salivary amylase inhibitory activity of both plants and their potential as antidiabetic drug candidates; however, further studies need to be done, like isolation and structure elucidation of active components and toxicity assays. Keywords: Amylase inhibition, phytochemical quantification, Carica papaya, Garcinia mangostana

scholarly journals Teucrium polium: Potential Drug Source for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Biology ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Yaser Albadr ◽  
Andrew Crowe ◽  
Rima Caccetta
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cells ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Teucrium Polium

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is rising globally and this disease is proposed to be the next pandemic after COVID-19. Although the cause of type 2 diabetes mellitus is unknown, it is believed to involve a complex array of genetic defects that affect metabolic pathways which eventually lead to hyperglycaemia. This hyperglycaemia arises from an inability of the insulin-sensitive cells to sufficiently respond to the secreted insulin, which eventually results in the inadequate secretion of insulin from pancreatic β-cells. Several treatments, utilising a variety of mechanisms, are available for type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, more medications are needed to assist with the optimal management of the different stages of the disease in patients of varying ages with the diverse combinations of other medications co-administered. Throughout modern history, some lead constituents from ancient medicinal plants have been investigated extensively and helped in developing synthetic antidiabetic drugs, such as metformin. Teucrium polium L. (Tp) is a herb that has a folk reputation for its antidiabetic potential. Previous studies indicate that Tp extracts significantly decrease blood glucose levels r and induce insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells in vitro. Nonetheless, the constituent/s responsible for this action have not yet been elucidated. The effects appear to be, at least in part, attributable to the presence of selected flavonoids (apigenin, quercetin, and rutin). This review aims to examine the reported glucose-lowering effect of the herb, with a keen focus on insulin secretion, specifically related to type 2 diabetes mellitus. An analysis of the contribution of the key constituent flavonoids of Tp extracts will also be discussed.

scholarly journals IN VITRO EVALUATION OF HYPOLIPIDEMIC EFFECT OF EXTRACTS OF MEDICINAL DRACAENA CINNABARI BALF. F. RESIN

2019 ◽  
pp. 118-120
Author(s):  
YASSER HUSSEIN EISSA MOHAMMED ◽  
DEEPIKA HS ◽  
FARES HEZAM AL-OSTOOT ◽  
ZABIULLA ◽  
ANILAKUMAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Hypolipidemic Effect ◽  
Malic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Dehydrogenase Enzyme ◽  
Uptake Assay ◽  
Dracaena Cinnabari

Objective: The objective of the study was to in vitro evaluate of hypolipidemic effect of extracts of medicinal Dracaena cinnabari Balf. f. resin. Methods: About 800 g of dry powder of the resin of dracaena cinnabar was taken in a Soxhlet apparatus and subjected for sequential extraction of solvents from non-polar to polar end (hexane, benzene, diethyl ether, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, methanol, and water); the extract samples were kept at 4°C for further assays. All the extracts were subjected to glucose uptake assay. Results: The ethanol extract showed significant (p<0.05) hypolipidemic effect by decreasing the activity of enzyme such as significant reduction in the pancreatic lipase enzyme, malic dehydrogenase enzyme, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme with IC50~13, ~13, and ~14, respectively. This results were similar to the standard drug atorvastatin with IC50~12, ~16, and ~17, respectively. Ethanol extract exhibited significant atherogenic index and percentage protection against hyperlipidemia. The potential biological activity of ethanol extract may be attributed to the highest polarity which needs further investigation.

scholarly journals 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 promotes osseointegration of titanium implant via downregulating AGEs/RAGE pathway in T2DM

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 1186-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Jia ◽  
Ya-nan Wang ◽  
Dongjiao Zhang ◽  
Xin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bone Microarchitecture ◽  
Titanium Implant ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Alizarin Red

Diabetes-induced advanced glycation end products (AGEs) overproduction would result in compromised osseointegration of titanium implant and high rate of implantation failure. 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25VD3) plays a vital role in osteogenesis, whereas its effects on the osseointegration and the underlying mechanism are unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate that 1,25VD3 might promote the defensive ability of osseointegration through suppressing AGEs/RAGE in type 2 diabetes mellitus. In animal study, streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats accepted implant surgery, with or without 1,25VD3 intervention for 12 weeks. After killing, the serum AGEs level, bone microarchitecture and biomechanical index of rats were measured systematically. In vitro study, osteoblasts differentiation capacity was analyzed by alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase assay and Western blotting, after treatment with BSA, AGEs, AGEs with RAGE inhibitor and AGEs with 1,25VD3. And the expression of RAGE protein was detected to explore the mechanism. Results showed that 1,25VD3 could reverse the impaired osseointegration and mechanical strength, which possibly resulted from the increased AGEs. Moreover, 1,25VD3 could ameliorate AGEs-induced damage of cell osteogenic differentiation, as well as downregulating the RAGE expression. These data may provide a theoretical basis that 1,25VD3 could work as an adjuvant treatment against poor osseointegration in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

In vitro effect of gliclazide on DNA damage and repair in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)

2008 ◽  
Vol 173 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Sliwinska ◽  
Janusz Blasiak ◽  
Jacek Kasznicki ◽  
Jozef Drzewoski
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dna Damage And Repair ◽  
Vitro Effect
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