scholarly journals Effects of the language of instruction on Learning in Secondary Education and Its Implications in Workforce Preparation: A Case of Dodoma, Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Lazaro Alman Kisumbe ◽  
Yusuph Lameck Mashala
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
English Language ◽  
National Development ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
T Test ◽  
Language Of Instruction ◽  
National Education ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Significant Difference

This paper intended to examine the effects of the language of instruction on Learning in secondary education in Dodoma region, and its implications in the preparation of the country's workforce. A total of 288 form one students at Ipala and Hombolo secondary schools were purposely and conveniently selected into the study. Standard seven past papers including geography, history, and civics were used as model papers to test the effects of the Language of instruction in students' learning. The same examination was conducted to the same group in each school administered in English and later in the Kiswahili language. A Paired sample t-test (dependent t-test) for paired samples was used to compare means of correlated samples and to test the null hypothesis that "there is no significant difference between the sample means". Each sample from the population was measured twice. It was revealed that the students' scores in the examination differed due to the difference in the language of instructions. The scores in grade-wise revealed the poor performance of the examination in English when compared with the same examination in the Kiswahili language. We found that the use of the English language inhibits the understanding of the subject and limits the rooms for active involvement in training and learning, which is a prerequisite for understanding. Thus, it affects the efforts to prepare the future workforce to propel the realization of education policy and its contribution to the Tanzania National Development Vision 2025. We recommend designing operational strategies for implementation of the National Education and Training Policy, 2014 that directs the use of Kiswahili as the instructional language in all levels of education in the country.

The University Student’s Motivation Level on Learning English

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Esmira Mehdiyev ◽  
Celal Teyyar Uğurlu ◽  
Gonca Usta
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
T Test ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Personal Use ◽  
Motivation Level ◽  
Motivation Scale ◽  
The University

This study aims to determine the university students’ level of motivation in terms of different variables. A study group of this research has been designed through one of the non-random sampling methods, Using appropriate sampling, 606 students from Faculty of Education of C.U. have been involved in this study. Motivation scale in English Language Learning developed by Mehdiyev,Usta,Uğurlu (2015) was used as an instrument of data collection. T-test and one - way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to resolve problems of this research. As a result of the research the motivation level of university students hasn’t been revealed significantly different regarding to the gender variable. However, considering the t-test results of motivation scale dimensions, confidence, attitude and personal use, significant difference is seen in favour of women in personal use dimension. The level of language learning motivation of female students is higher than men’s regarding to personal use dimension. However, men’s and women’s views don’t differ significantly in attitude and confidence dimensions. University students don’t present significant differences in terms of birth place, parent’s education level, total motivation scores and confident, attitude and personal dimensions. Students’ motivation levels are seen not to be influenced by the places such as village, provision or city where they have spent the most of their lifetime. At the same time the findings revealed that parental status variable in terms of primary, secondary and university graduates has no effects on students’ motivation.

PENGARUH PUBLIKASI LAPORAN KEUANGAN TERHADAP VOLUME PERDAGANGAN SAHAM DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Mikha Gorbyanto Nuari ◽  
Astuti Yuli Setyani
Keyword(s):  
Capital Market ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
T Test ◽  
Stock Trading ◽  
Event Window ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Investment

Capital market in Indonesia today is experiencing rapid development, the growth contribute to the high investment that can be seen from the number of shares traded by investors. Financial statements are one of many source which investor used as a source of consideration to make investment decision. The purpose of this study was to examine whether there is a difference between the volume of stock trading before the publication of financial statements and after the publication of financial statements in 20 days event window. The research sample is a group companies that included in the index stock LQ 45 in 2016. Hypothesis testing using a paired sample t-test. The results of this test showed no significant difference between the volume of trade before publication of the financial statements and after the publication of the financial statements.Key terms: financial statements, volume of stock trading, capital market, investmentPasar modal di Indonesia dewasa ini mengalami perkembangan yang pesat, hal tersebut berdampak pada tingginya investasi dilihat dari jumlah saham yang ditransaksikan oleh investor. Laporan keuangan merupakan salah satu sumber informasi bagi investor sebagai bahan pertimbangan dalam melakukan keputusan investasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji apakah ada perbedaan antara volume perdagangan saham sebelum publikasi laporan keuangan dengan sesudah publikasi laporan keuangan pada event window 20 hari. Sampel penelitian merupakan perusahaan yang masuk dalam kelompok indeks saham LQ 45 pada tahun 2016. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji paired samples t-test. Hasil dari pengujian ini menunjukkan tidak adaperbedaan yang signifikan antara volume perdagangan sebelum publikasi laporan keuangan dengan sesudah publikasi laporan keuangan.Kata Kunci: laporan keuangan, volume perdagangan saham, pasar modal, investasi.

scholarly journals Learning The Strategy of Reasoning Through Marzano Dimensional Mastery Learning Model Among Form Four Students for The Topic Of Differentiation

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Nizam Arshad ◽  
Noor Azean Atan ◽  
Abdul Halim Abdullah ◽  
Mahani Mokhtar ◽  
Mohd Salleh Abu
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
T Test ◽  
Education Development ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Reasoning Skills

Reasoning skills are very important in encouraging students to think more critically and logically, as depicted in the Malaysian Education Development Plan (2013-2025). Therefore, this study looked into improving the Differentiation Reasoning Level (DRL) of reasoning skills among students for a topic in the Additional Mathematics subject,  known as Differentiation, through reasoning learning strategy. The study participants consisted of a total of 31 students from a secondary boarding school in Johor, selected through a purposive sampling method. A pre-test was carried out for the participants, from the advanced level, followed by a number of repetition tests, before the post-test assessment was conducted. The data collection for this study employed a set of Reasoning Test on Differentiation (RTD) and 10 sets of learning activities on Differentiation based on modified Marzano Rubric for Specific Task of Situations (1992). This dimension involved four types of reasoning skills, namely,  comparison, classification, inductive, and deductive. The survey data, through paired samples t-test, revealed a significant difference between the mean scores in pre-test and post-test (p <0.05). In addition, the paired sample t-test showed a significant difference on the level of reasoning among students from each construct in the reasoning skills before and after using this module. In conclusion, the Marzano Model of Dimensional Learning (1992) is a thinking skill model that can help improve students' reasoning skills. The model covers analysis aspects of what has been learned by implementing the process of identifying reasons, which will help students to add and expand their knowledge. The findings also implied that, the processes of teaching and learning play an important role in ensuring students’ capability to emphasize on the implementation process of reasoning skills

scholarly journals APAKAH PASAR BEREAKSI TERHADAP PROGRAM PENGAMPUNAN PAJAK (TAX AMNESTY)?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
Taufiq Hidayatulloh ◽  
Rahadi Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Event Study ◽  
Abnormal Return ◽  
Trading Volume ◽  
T Test ◽  
Good News ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Tax Amnesty ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstrakTujuan utama penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis reaksi pasar modal terhadap penerbitan Undang-Undang Tax Amnesty menggunakan metode event study. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 97 emiten yang tergolong ke dalam indeks KOMPAS100 yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dalam periode pengamatan selama 106 hari. Teknik analisis adalah menggunakan paired samples t-test pada tiga hari sebelum dan tiga hari sesudah penerbitan Undang-Undang Tax Amnesty. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan rata-rata abnormal return maupun rata-rata aktivitas volume perdagangan saham antara sebelum dan sesudah peristiwa. Meskipun dipandang oleh investor sebagai good news, kebijakan tax amnesty tidak memiliki kandungan informasi yang kuat. AbstractThe main objective of the study is to analyze the capital market reaction to the issuance of Tax Amnesty Law using the method of event study. The study was conducted on 97 issuers belonging to the KOMPAS100 index listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange within the 106-day observation period. The analytical technique is using paired samples t-test on three days before and three days after the issuance of the Tax Amnesty Act. The result of the research shows that there is no significant difference of average abnormal return as well as the average activity of stock trading volume between before and after the event. Although viewed by investors as good news, the tax amnesty policy does not have significant information content.

scholarly journals Self-Directed Learning Readiness (SDLR) among Foundation Students from High and Low Proficiency Levels to Learn English Language

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (Number 2) ◽  
pp. 55-81
Author(s):  
Abu Bakar Razali ◽  
Lim Ying Xuan ◽  
Arshad Abd. Samad
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
English Language ◽  
English Proficiency ◽  
T Test ◽  
Language Learning Strategies ◽  
Self Directed Learning ◽  
Proficiency Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Directed Learning

Purpose – In the field of second language education, self-directed learning is really important as it can empower students to attain optimal success in language learning by engaging students to express their ideas confidently, think reflectively and make use of language learning strategies. The main aim of the present study is to investigate students’ self-directed learning readiness (SDLR) in a foundation program in a public university in Malaysia so as to find out how they perceive this approach can improve their learning of the English language at tertiary level. More specifically, the researchers intend to find answers to these research questions: 1) Are foundation students ready to use self-directed learning strategies in English Language learning? (i.e. awareness, motivation and language learning strategies); 2) Is there a significant difference in the three attributes (i.e., awareness, motivation and language learning strategies) of self-directed learning among foundation students?; and 3) Is there a significant difference between English language proficiency (upper and lower) and the three attributes (i.e., awareness, motivation, language learning strategies) in using self-directed learning strategies? Methodology – A set of survey questionnaires with a 6-point Likert scale were administered to 400 students attending an English proficiency course (i.e., Introduction to Academic English) in the first semester of the Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science program. The data of the questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test and paired samples t-test. Findings – Results revealed that the respondents have a rather high degree of readiness to apply self-directed learning strategies in learning English. Motivation has the highest mean scores (M=4.57), followed by language learning strategies (M=4.41) and awareness (M=4.34). Results also showed that there are no difference in terms of SDLR depending on English proficiency levels, namely lower level (MUET Bands 1,2,3) and upper level (MUET Bands 4,5) (p>.05). Significance – The findings are beneficial for students to learn more about their readiness to apply the self-directed learning strategies. In particular, these findings also provide insights for lecturers, program administrators, curriculum developers, and policy makers to plan and implement suitable teaching methods, course outlines, and curricula for the development of the students’ English language abilities.

scholarly journals Complex Instruction Team Product (CITP) learning model: Improving student’s scientific attitudes and learning outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominggus Rumahlatu ◽  
Kristin Sangur ◽  
Sintje Liline
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Cognitive Learning ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
T Test ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Complex Instruction ◽  
Dependent Samples ◽  
Scientific Attitudes ◽  
Cognitive Learning Outcomes

Complex Instruction Team Product (CITP) learning model is one of the creative-innovative learning models which is assumed to be able to empower scientific attitudes and learning outcomes of students. This study aimed to determine students’ scientific attitudes and cognitive learning outcomes by implementing CITP learning model. This research used one-group pretest-posttest design. The sample was 18 tenth graders of academic year 2017/2018 of State Senior High School 6 of Ambon, Maluku Province. The data was analyzed using N-Gain test which then continued with dependent samples t-test. This result indicated that the highest achievement of students’ scientific attitudes were honesty and creativity (54). Meanwhile, the N-Gain score of students' cognitive learning outcomes was 0.61. In addition, the results of paired samples t-test show that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) between the students’ cognitive learning outcomes before and after the application of CITP learning model. This means that the application of CITP learning model can improve students’ scientific attitudes and cognitive learning outcomes.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Effect of Slow-Stroke Back Massage on the Anxiety of Candidates for Cataract Surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Maryam Keramati, MD ◽  
Mohammad Sadegh Sargolzaei, MSc ◽  
Ali Moghadasi ◽  
Mohammad Hasan Basirinezhad, MSc ◽  
Reza Mohammadpourhodki
Keyword(s):  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Dependent Samples ◽  
Student’S T Test ◽  
Back Massage

Background: The patients under cataract sur-gery often experience anxiety not only during the surgery, but also prior to the surgery.Purpose: We sought to determine the effects of slow-stroke back massage on anxiety in patients undergoing cataract surgery. Setting: The study was conducted in the Amiral-momenin Hospital of Zabol city, south-east of Iran.Participants: A total of 60 candidates of cataract surgery participated in the study.Research Design: The participants were ran-domly allocated to either control or intervention groups. The intervention group received slow-stroke back massages, while patients in control group received routine interventions.Intervention: The slow-stroke back massage was performed on the patients assigned to the interven-tion group. The intervention was performed in the morning of the surgery day at 30 minutes before the surgery. The researcher performed each mas-sage session in a sitting position. The duration of each massage session was 15 minutes. Main Outcome Measures: Anxiety was assessed in the both groups in the morning of the surgery, before and immediately after the intervention. In-dependent samples Student’s t test, paired samples Student’s t test, and chi-squared test were used to analyze the data.Results: Anxiety was not significantly different between the two groups before and after the mas-sage (p = .816). On the other hand, paired samples Student’s t test showed a significant difference comparing the anxiety scores before (49.7±5.43) and after (45.16±3.89) the massage in the interven-tion group (p < .001). Conclusions: Based on our results, slow-stroke back massage, which is a low-cost and safe method, reduced anxiety in patients who were candidates for cataract surgery.

scholarly journals The Use of Islamic History Videos through Swell Strategy to Improve Senior High Students’ Narrative Writing Achievement

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
JUNA WARNI
Keyword(s):  
English Language Learners ◽  
English Language ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Narrative Writing ◽  
Science Class ◽  
Writing Achievement ◽  
Islamic History ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
Significant Difference

The objectives of this study were to find out: (1) whether or not there was a significant improvement on students’ narrative writing achievement between before and after the students were taught by using Islamic history videos through SWELL Strategy, and (2) whether or not there was a significant difference on students’ narrative writing achievement between the students who were taught by using Islamic history videos through SWELL Strategy and those who were not. The population of this study was all the eleventh grade students of Senior High School Nurul Iman Palembang which consisted of 65 students. The sample of this study was taken by using total sampling. Thus, the total number of the sample was 65 students. The sample was XI Science class (control group) which consisted of 33 students and XI Social Science class (experimental group) which consisted of 32 students. In collecting the data, written test was used. The test was given twice to both experimental and control group, as a pretest and posttest. To verify the hypotheses, the data of students’ pretest and posttest of both groups were analyzed by using paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test in SPSS. The findings showed that the p-output (sig 2-tailed) from paired sample t-test was 0.000 which was lower than 0.05, and the t-value 7.954 which was higher than t-table 2.040 (with df= 31). Then, p-output from independent sample t-test was 0.021 which was lower than 0.05, and t-value 2.371 which was higher than t-table 1.998 (with df= 63). Therefore, it could be inferred that narrative writing by using Islamic history videos through Social-Interactive Writing for English Language Learners (SWELL) Strategy gave significant improvement on the students’ narrative writing achievement, and gave significant difference between students’ who were taught by using Islamic history videos through SWELL Strategy and those who were not.

scholarly journals Language proficiency differences in second language learning anxiety

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Nur Atikah Binti Noor Rashid ◽  
Asnadia Binti Alias
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
English Language ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
T Test ◽  
Learning Anxiety ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Average Students ◽  
Language Learning Anxiety

<p><em>In general, the objective of learning English language in Malaysian education system is to ensure the students can use English in their daily basis, to further study and for the workplace. The main purpose of English course in Polytechnics is to ensure the students are able to communicate effectively and confidently. Therefore, the students should be able to understand the language and use it with confident in their daily lives and for their future employment. However, most of the students are reluctant to communicate in English and many of them prefer to withdraw from participating in any English language activities. The reason for this issue might be due to the feeling of anxiety in learning the second language. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the language proficiency differences between above average and below average students with respect to language learning anxiety. There were 96 semester three students from Civil Engineering Department, Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin participated in this study. SPSS version 22 has been used to analyses collected data consists of a 33 item questionnaire of Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS).  The t-test has been used to determine if there was a significant difference between above average and below average students in regard of language learning anxiety. The study revealed that below average students were more anxious than above average students for all types of anxiety. However, t-test demonstrated that there was no significant difference between language learning anxiety in regard of students’ level of proficiency. Thus, several implications have been suggested in this study to help the below average students to cater language learning anxiety. One of the examples is by conducting an English Camp for the targeted students serves as an effective method to cope language learning anxiety among below average students.</em></p>

scholarly journals Productive and Receptive Collocational Knowledge of Iranian EFL Learners at Different Proficiency Levels

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Fahimeh Talakoob ◽  
Mansour Koosha
Keyword(s):  
Test Scores ◽  
T Test ◽  
Placement Test ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Proficiency Levels ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intermediate Learners ◽  
The Mean

In the present study, an attempt was made to probe into the probable difference between Iranian intermediate and advanced EFL learners' receptive and productive collocational knowledge. To this end, 60 EFL learners studying at Islamic Azad University, Isfahan Branch, including 30 advanced and 30 intermediate learners, were chosen through the Oxford Placement Test (OPT). The participants at each level of proficiency received two tests of collocations, namely receptive collocation test and productive test of collocations. Paired-samples t test showed no statistically significant difference between productive and receptive knowledge of collocations of the advanced EFL learners. However, the mean comparison between the receptive and productive collocation test scores of intermediate EFL learners revealed a significant difference. Pedagogical implications emanating from the obtained results are elaborated in the study.

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