Infra-Low-Frequency Neurofeedback for Optimum Performance

Biofeedback ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siegfried Othmer ◽  
Sue Othmer
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Cortical Potential ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Target Frequency ◽  
Optimum Performance ◽  
Slow Cortical Potential ◽  
Optimal Functioning ◽  
The Brain

A method of nonprescriptive neurofeedback is described that is based on the brain interacting with its own tonic slow cortical potential. In the absence of any explicit guidance by the clinician, the training depends entirely on the brain's response to the unfolding signal. When this training is performed under optimal conditions in terms of placement and target frequency, there is a bias toward optimal functioning. The brain uses the information for its own benefit. The outcomes of the training are either comparable to or exceed expectations based on conventional electroencelphalogram band-based neurofeedback. Results are shown for a cognitive skills test for an unselected clinical population.

Changes in the Total Power of Beta and Theta Bands When Using EEG Biofeedback in Primary School-Age Children Having Difficulties with Voluntary Regulation

2020 ◽  
pp. 331-340
Author(s):  
Yuliya S. Dzhos ◽  
◽  
Irina A. Men’shikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Eeg Biofeedback ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Bioelectric Activity ◽  
Voluntary Regulation ◽  
The Brain

This article presents the results of the study on spectral electroencephalogram (EEG) characteristics in 7–10-year-old children (8 girls and 22 boys) having difficulties with voluntary regulation of activity after 10 and 20 neurofeedback sessions using beta-activating training. Brain bioelectric activity was recorded in 16 standard leads using the Neuron-Spectrum-4/VPM complex. The dynamics was assessed by EEG beta and theta bands during neurofeedback. An increase in the total power of beta band oscillations was established both after 10 and after 20 sessions of EEG biofeedback in the frontal (p ≤ 0.001), left parietal (p ≤ 0.036), and temporal (p ≤ 0.003) areas of the brain. A decrease in the spectral characteristics of theta band oscillations was detected: after 10 neurofeedback sessions in the frontal (p ≤ 0.008) and temporal (p ≤ 0.006) areas of both hemispheres, as well as in the parietal area of the left hemisphere (p ≤ 0.005); after 20 sessions, in the central (p ≤ 0.004), frontal (p ≤ 0.001) and temporal (p ≤ 0.001) areas of both hemispheres, as well as in the occipital (p ≤ 0.047) and parietal (p ≤ 0.001) areas of the left hemisphere. The study into the dynamics of bioelectric activity during biofeedback using EEG parameters in 7–10-year-old children with impaired voluntary regulation of higher mental functions allowed us to prove the advisability of 20 sessions, as the increase in high-frequency activity and decrease in low-frequency activity do not stop with the 10th session. Changes in these parameters after 10 EEG biofeedback sessions are expressed mainly in the frontotemporal areas of both hemispheres, while after a course of 20 sessions, in both the frontotemporal and central parietal areas of the brain.

scholarly journals Toward asleep DBS: cortico-basal ganglia spectral and coherence activity during interleaved propofol/ketamine sedation mimics NREM/REM sleep activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Guang ◽  
Halen Baker ◽  
Orilia Ben-Yishay Nizri ◽  
Shimon Firman ◽  
Uri Werner-Reiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Cycle ◽  
Advanced Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Low Frequency Power ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Frequency Power

AbstractDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is currently a standard procedure for advanced Parkinson’s disease. Many centers employ awake physiological navigation and stimulation assessment to optimize DBS localization and outcome. To enable DBS under sedation, asleep DBS, we characterized the cortico-basal ganglia neuronal network of two nonhuman primates under propofol, ketamine, and interleaved propofol-ketamine (IPK) sedation. Further, we compared these sedation states in the healthy and Parkinsonian condition to those of healthy sleep. Ketamine increases high-frequency power and synchronization while propofol increases low-frequency power and synchronization in polysomnography and neuronal activity recordings. Thus, ketamine does not mask the low-frequency oscillations used for physiological navigation toward the basal ganglia DBS targets. The brain spectral state under ketamine and propofol mimicked rapid eye movement (REM) and Non-REM (NREM) sleep activity, respectively, and the IPK protocol resembles the NREM-REM sleep cycle. These promising results are a meaningful step toward asleep DBS with nondistorted physiological navigation.

scholarly journals Mutation spectrum of NOD2 reveals recessive inheritance as a main driver of Early Onset Crohn’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie E. Horowitz ◽  
Neil Warner ◽  
Jeffrey Staples ◽  
Eileen Crowley ◽  
Nehal Gosalia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Mendelian Inheritance ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Mendelian Disease ◽  
Recessive Inheritance ◽  
Pediatric Onset

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD), clinically defined as Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), or IBD-unclassified, results in chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract in genetically susceptible hosts. Pediatric onset IBD represents ≥ 25% of all IBD diagnoses and often presents with intestinal stricturing, perianal disease, and failed response to conventional treatments. NOD2 was the first and is the most replicated locus associated with adult IBD, to date. However, its role in pediatric onset IBD is not well understood. We performed whole-exome sequencing on a cohort of 1,183 patients with pediatric onset IBD (ages 0–18.5 years). We identified 92 probands with biallelic rare and low frequency NOD2 variants accounting for approximately 8% of our cohort, suggesting a Mendelian inheritance pattern of disease. Additionally, we investigated the contribution of recessive inheritance of NOD2 alleles in adult IBD patients from a large clinical population cohort. We found that recessive inheritance of NOD2 variants explains ~ 7% of cases in this adult IBD cohort, including ~ 10% of CD cases, confirming the observations from our pediatric IBD cohort. Exploration of EHR data showed that several of these adult IBD patients obtained their initial IBD diagnosis before 18 years of age, consistent with early onset disease. While it has been previously reported that carriers of more than one NOD2 risk alleles have increased susceptibility to Crohn’s Disease (CD), our data formally demonstrate that recessive inheritance of NOD2 alleles is a mechanistic driver of early onset IBD, specifically CD, likely due to loss of NOD2 protein function. Collectively, our findings show that recessive inheritance of rare and low frequency deleterious NOD2 variants account for 7–10% of CD cases and implicate NOD2 as a Mendelian disease gene for early onset Crohn’s Disease.

scholarly journals Mapping Sensorimotor Cortex With Slow Cortical Potential Resting-State Networks While Awake and Under Anesthesia

Neurosurgery ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Breshears ◽  
Charles M. Gaona ◽  
Jarod L. Roland ◽  
Mohit Sharma ◽  
David T. Bundy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Mapping ◽  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Intractable Epilepsy ◽  
Cortical Potential ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Resting State Networks ◽  
Seed Selection ◽  
Brain Organization ◽  
Slow Cortical Potential

Abstract BACKGROUND: The emerging insight into resting-state cortical networks has been important in our understanding of the fundamental architecture of brain organization. These networks, which were originally identified with functional magnetic resonance imaging, are also seen in the correlation topography of the infraslow rhythms of local field potentials. Because of the fundamental nature of these networks and their independence from task-related activations, we posit that, in addition to their neuroscientific relevance, these slow cortical potential networks could play an important role in clinical brain mapping. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether these networks would be useful in identifying eloquent cortex such as sensorimotor cortex in patients both awake and under anesthesia. METHODS: This study included 9 subjects undergoing surgical treatment for intractable epilepsy. Slow cortical potentials were recorded from the cortical surface in patients while awake and under propofol anesthesia. To test brain-mapping utility, slow cortical potential networks were identified with data-driven (seed-independent) and anatomy-driven (seed-based) approaches. With electrocortical stimulation used as the gold standard for comparison, the sensitivity and specificity of these networks for identifying sensorimotor cortex were calculated. RESULTS: Networks identified with a data-driven approach in patients under anesthesia and awake were 90% and 93% sensitive and 58% and 55% specific for sensorimotor cortex, respectively. Networks identified with systematic seed selection in patients under anesthesia and awake were 78% and 83% sensitive and 67% and 60% specific, respectively. CONCLUSION: Resting-state networks may be useful for tailoring stimulation mapping and could provide a means of identifying eloquent regions in patients while under anesthesia.

scholarly journals The ex-illiterate brain: The critical period, cognitive reserve and HAROLD model

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Vania Silva Nunes ◽  
Alexandre Castro-Caldas ◽  
Dolores Del Rio ◽  
Fernado Maestú ◽  
Tomás Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Test ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
High Educational Level ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Language Recognition ◽  
Regular Time ◽  
The Brain

Abstract The lifelong acquisition of cognitive skills shapes the biology of the brain. However, there are critical periods for the best use of the brain to process the acquired information. Objectives: To discuss the critical period of cognitive acquisition, the concept of cognitive reserve and the HAROLD (Hemispheric Asymmetry Reduction in Older adults) model. Methods: Seven women who learned how to read and to write after the age of 50 (ex-illiterates) and five women with 10 years of regular schooling (controls) were submitted to a language recognition test while brain activity was being recorded using magnetoencephalography. Spoken words were delivered binaurally via two plastic tubs terminating in ear inserts, and recordings were made with a whole head magnetometer consisting of 148 magnetometer coils. Results: Both groups performed similarly on the task of identifying target words. Analysis of the number of sources of activity in the left and right hemispheres revealed significant differences between the two groups, showing that ex-illiterate subjects exhibited less brain functional asymmetry during the language task. Conclusions: These results should be interpreted with caution because the groups were small. However, these findings reinforce the concept that poorly educated subjects tend to use the brain for information processing in a different way to subjects with a high educational level or who were schooled at the regular time. Finally, the recruiting of both hemispheres to tackle the language recognition test occurred to a greater degree in the ex-illiterate group where this can be interpreted as a sign of difficulty performing the task.

scholarly journals Low Frequency Noise Remove from EEG Signal

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1510-1513
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Random Noise ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Frequency Noise ◽  
Eeg Signal ◽  
Low Frequency Noise ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Brain

The electrical activity of the brain recorded by EEG which used to detect different types of diseases and disorders of the human brain. There is contained a large amount of random noise present during EEG recording, such as artifacts and baseline changes. These noises affect the low -frequency range of the EEG signal. These artifacts hiding some valuable information during analyzing of the EEG signal. In this paper we used the FIR filter for removing low -frequency noise(<1Hz) from the EEG signal. The performance is measured by calculating the SNR and the RMSE. We obtained RMSE average value from the test is 0.08 and the SNR value at frequency(<1Hz) is 0.0190.

scholarly journals Low frequency deep brain stimulation in the inferior colliculus ameliorates haloperidol-induced catalepsy and reduces anxiety in rats

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243438
Author(s):  
Hannah Ihme ◽  
Rainer K. W. Schwarting ◽  
Liana Melo-Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Sham Treatment ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Aversive Behavior ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Deep Brain

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the colliculus inferior (IC) improves haloperidol-induced catalepsy and induces paradoxal kinesia in rats. Since the IC is part of the brain aversive system, DBS of this structure has long been related to aversive behavior in rats limiting its clinical use. This study aimed to improve intracollicular DBS parameters in order to avoid anxiogenic side effects while preserving motor improvements in rats. Catalepsy was induced by systemic haloperidol (0.5mg/kg) and after 60 min the bar test was performed during which a given rat received continuous (5 min, with or without pre-stimulation) or intermittent (5 x 1 min) DBS (30Hz, 200–600μA, pulse width 100μs). Only continuous DBS with pre-stimulation reduced catalepsy time. The rats were also submitted to the elevated plus maze (EPM) test and received either continuous stimulation with or without pre-stimulation, or sham treatment. Only rats receiving continuous DBS with pre-stimulation increased the time spent and the number of entries into the open arms of the EPM suggesting an anxiolytic effect. The present intracollicular DBS parameters induced motor improvements without any evidence of aversive behavior, pointing to the IC as an alternative DBS target to induce paradoxical kinesia improving motor deficits in parkinsonian patients.

scholarly journals Acoustic notch filtering earmuff utilizing Helmholtz resonator arrays

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258842
Author(s):  
Fumiya Mizukoshi ◽  
Hidetoshi Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Noise Control ◽  
Active Noise Control ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Helmholtz Resonator ◽  
Honeycomb Structure ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
Frequency Noise ◽  
Target Frequency ◽  
Notch Filtering

In recent years, noisy bustling environments have created situations in which earmuffs must soundproof only specific noise while transmitting significant sounds, such as voices, for work safety and efficiency. Two sound insulation technologies have been utilized: passive noise control (PNC) and active noise control (ANC). However, PNC is incapable of insulating selective frequencies of noise, and ANC is limited to low-frequency sounds. Thus, it has been difficult for traditional earmuffs to cancel out only high-frequency noise that people feel uncomfortable hearing. Here, we propose an acoustic notch filtering earmuff utilizing Helmholtz resonator (HR) arrays that provides a sound attenuation effect around the tuneable resonant frequency. A sheet-like sound insulating plate comprising HR arrays is realized in a honeycomb structure. Since the resonant frequency is determined by the geometry of the HR arrays, a highly audible sound region can be designed as the target frequency. In this research, the acoustic notch filtering performance of the proposed HR array plate is investigated in both simulations and experiments. Furthermore, the fabricated earmuffs using the novel HR array plates achieve a sound insulation performance exceeding 40 dB at the target frequency, which is sufficiently high compared to that of conventional earmuffs. The experimental results confirm that the proposed device is a useful approach for insulating frequency-selective sound.

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