scholarly journals Chemical Profile and Proximate and Elemental Composition of Ocimum basilicum Grown in Sudan

2021 ◽  
pp. 145-154
Author(s):  
Ahmed Ali Mustafa ◽  
Hatil Hashim El-Kamali ◽  
Adam Mohammed Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Chemical Profile ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Fiber Protein ◽  
Flame Emission ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

This study aimed to investigate the chemical profile, proximate and elemental composition of leaves and flowers of Ocimum basilicum grown in Sudan. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) was used for the analysis of the n-hexane extracts. Results showed that fifty six compounds were detected from the aerial part of the plant. Most of the identified compounds were terpenoids. Monoterpenes represented 47.19%of the n-hexane extract while sesquiterpenes were 32.51%. The major compounds were linalool (18.16%), methyl eugenol (16.18%), α-terpineol (10.02%), and Eucalyptol (8.51%) respectively. Chemical proximate analysis was carried using standard analytical methods. Results showed that the plant was rich in moisture content, total ash, crude fiber and fiber protein. Elemental analysis was performed using the Atomic Absorption Spectrometer and flame emission for the detection of Ca, Fe, Na, K, Mg, Pb and Mn. Results demonstrated higher calcium and potassium contents. In conclusion O. basilicum grown in Sudan was a good source of food and therapeutic agents which could be of use in food and pharmaceutical industries.

Flavonoids as Potential Therapeutic Agents for the Management of Diabetic Neuropathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (42) ◽  
pp. 5468-5487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankita Sood ◽  
Bimlesh Kumar ◽  
Sachin Kumar Singh ◽  
Pankaj Prashar ◽  
Anamika Gautam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Secondary Complications ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Flavonoids are secondary metabolites that are widely distributed in plants. These phenolic compounds are classified into various subgroups based on their structures: flavones, flavonols, isoflavones, flavanones, and anthocyanins. They are known to perform various pharmacological actions like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, antidiabetic and antiallergic, etc. Diabetes is a chronic progressive metabolic disorder that affects several biochemical pathways and leads to secondary complications such as neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, and cardiomyopathy. Among them, the management of diabetic neuropathy is one of the major challenges for physicians as well as the pharmaceutical industries. Naturally occurring flavonoids are extensively used for the treatment of diabetes and its related complications due to their antioxidant properties. Moreover, flavonoids inhibit various pathways that are involved in the progression of diabetic neuropathy like the reduction of oxidative stress, decrease in glycogenolysis, increase glucose utilization, decrease in the formation of advanced glycation end products, and inhibition of the α-glucosidase enzyme. This review entails current updates on the therapeutic perspectives of flavonoids in the treatment of neuropathic pain. This manuscript explains the pathological aspects of neuropathic pain, the chemistry of flavonoids, and their application in amelioration of neuropathic pain through preclinical studies either alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents.

Standarisasi Ganyong (Canna edulis ker) Sebagai Pangan Alternatif Pasien Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Veni Dayu Putri ◽  
Fitri Dyna
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Alternative Food ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Fiber Protein ◽  
Arrowroot Starch

<p><em>Manusia membutuhkan nutrisi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tubuh seperti karbohidrat, protein, lemak, vitamin dan mineral. Perubahan gaya hidup dan pola konsumsi pangan masyarakat berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan penyakit degeneratif seperti diabetes mellitus (DM). Konsumsi serat dari pati resisten/resistant strach (RS) sangat diperlukan untuk mencegah DM. RS merupakan salah satu pangan hasil modifikasi yang berpotensi sebagai ingredient pangan fungsional. Ganyong merupakan pangan sumber karbohidrat yang mudah ditanam yang dapat dijadikan pangan alternatif bagi penderita DM dengan memodifikasi pati ganyong menjadi RS sehingga mengurangi kandungan indeks glikemiknya (IG). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar abu, air, protein, karbohidrat, lemak dan serat kasar RS ganyong termodifikasi. Pengolahan pati ganyong menjadi RS dilakukan dengan metode autoclaving-cooling dengan 3 siklus pada suhu 130oC dan analisis proksimat mengacu pada metode pengujian SNI 01-2891-1992. Hasil analisis proksimat RS ganyong dibandingkan dengan pati ganyong memperlihatkan peningkatan kadar abu (0,68%), protein (0,56%), lemak (0,28%) dan serat kasar (6,61%), sementara kadar air dan karbohidrat mengalami penurunan yaitu 9,38% dan 74,25%.  Dapat disimpulkan bahwa RS ganyong bisa digunakan sebagai pangan alternatif pada pasien DM karena semakin tinggi nilai kadar serat, protein dan lemak suatu pangan, maka nilai IG semakin rendah. Bagi penderita DM dapat memilih produk pangan yang akan dikonsumsi yang memiliki IG rendah dengan ciri tingginya nilai serat pangan total, lemak dan protein.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><em><em>Humans need nutrients to fulfill the body’s need such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals. Changes in lifestyle and patterns of food consumption affect the increase in degenerative diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM). Consumption of fiber from resistant starch is very necessary to prevent DM ,. Resistant starch (RS) is a modified food that has the potential as a functional food ingredient. Arrowroot is a food source of carbohydrates that is easily planted that can be used as an alternative food for people with DM by modifying arrowroot starch into RS thereby reducing the content of the glycemic index (GI). The purpose of this research was to determine ash content, water content, protein, carbohydrates, fat and crude fiber arrowroot RS modified by autoclaving cooling. The procedure of arrowroot starch into RS is carried out by autoclaving cooling method with 3 cycles at 130oC. Proximate analysis conducted refers to the SNI 01-2891-1992 testing method. The results of proximate analysis of arrowroot RS compared to arrowroot starch showed increased levels of ash (0,68%), protein (0,56%), fat (0,28%) and crude fiber (6,61%), while water and carbohydrate content decreased 9,38% and 74,25% respectively. The results showed that arrowroot RS can be used as an alternative food in DM patients because the higher the value of fiber, protein and fat of a food, the lower the GI value. For patients of DM can choose food products that will be consumed that have a low GI with a high value of total food fiber, fat and protein.</em></em></p>

A Comprehensive Review on Chemical Profile and Pharmacological Activities of Ocimum basilicum

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Kuldeep Dhama ◽  
Khan Sharun ◽  
Mudasir B. Gugjoo ◽  
Ruchi Tiwari ◽  
Mahmoud Alagawany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Chemical Profile ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Comprehensive Review

Recent Developments in Medicated Lozenges: A Promising Dosage Form for the Effective Delivery of Therapeutic Agents

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Sharma ◽  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Gurmeet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Drug Targeting ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Oral Dosage ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Background: The delivery of therapeutic agents through the oral route remains the most favorable one as compared to other routes of drug administration. However, numerous disadvantages are encountered in conventional formulations such as low bioavailability, first-pass metabolism, gastric irritation, delayed onset of action, bitter taste, low retention time, frequent dosing, and non-localized drug targeting. All these problems encountered guide the various pharmaceutical industries to manufacture and develop a novel solid oral dosage form called lozenges. Lozenges are solid oral dosage forms of medicament, meant to be dissolved within the mouth or pharynx. It may consist of one or more than one medicinal agent contained in a sweetened and flavored base material. Objective: The present review is focused on various types, compositions, methodologies used to prepare the medicated lozenges and on different evaluation parameters that establish its safety and efficacy. It also put a light on different commercially available and reported medicated lozenges formulation. Method: The various review and research articles reported by different researchers were studied extensively by using the databases of Google Scholar, Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and various commercial websites that were also investigated for information regarding new products. Results: Lozenges provides various advantages in terms of patient compliance, rapid onset of action, prolonged retention time, enhancement of bioavailability, ease of manufacturing, localized drug targeting, sustained or controlled effect, and reduced dosing frequency. It has also the ability to incorporate the drugs belong to different therapeutic classes for treating various disorders related to oral cavities like gingivitis, dental plaque, mouth ulcers, throat pain, oral thrush, throat infection, periodontitis, and pharyngitis. However, its applicability is not only limited to localized action, but it has also been employed to deliver the drug systemically for the conditions such as cough, decongestion, runny nose, nausea, vomiting, allergy, low immunity, fever, body ache, the killing of worms and smoking cessation. Conclusion: It was concluded that it has been played an important role in the field of drug delivery and will continue to perform in the same way in the future as well.

scholarly journals Cuticular and Internal Chemical Composition of Biting Midges Culicoides spp. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), Potential Vectors of Viral Diseases

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400900
Author(s):  
Mikel González ◽  
Sergio López ◽  
Gloria Rosell ◽  
Arturo Goldarazena ◽  
Angel Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Chemical Profile ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Biting Midge ◽  
Branched Hydrocarbons ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Major Chemical ◽  
First Time

The chemical profile of the cuticle and internal tissues of four species of Culicoides have been studied for the first time by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The chemical composition of females of C. obsoletus s.l. and C. lupicaris, vectors of diverse viral diseases, have been compared with that of other biting midges, such as C. kibunensis and C. fascipennis, and the non-biting midge Forcipomyia bipunctata. A total of 61 compounds belonging to 8 major chemical classes were identified in cuticular and internal tissues in n-hexane extracts. The compounds include carboxylic acids (CAs) (C6-C20), with C16:0, C16:1 and C18:1 being dominant, branched hydrocarbons (C29 to C38 mono/di/trimethylalkanes), linear hydrocarbons (C15 to C33, mainly odd chain carbons), terpenes (geranylacetone, geranylgeraniol acetate, squalene, terpenic alcohol), steroids (cholesterol), aldehydes (C9-C10 and even chain C20 to C30), and esters. The chemical profile depends on the species and whether the extracts are external (cuticle) or internal. The contents of linear and branched hydrocarbons and aldehydes was high in cuticular extracts but practically absent in internal tissues, which were, in contrast, rich in CAs, terpenes and steroids. The results are discussed and compared with other Culicoides midges and mosquito-related species.

scholarly journals Chemical profile and eco-safety evaluation of essential oils and hydrolates from Cistus ladanifer, Helichrysum italicum, Ocimum basilicum and Thymbra capitata

2022 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 114232
Author(s):  
Celso Afonso Ferraz ◽  
Ana Catarina A. Sousa ◽  
Débora Caramelo ◽  
Fernanda Delgado ◽  
Ana Palmeira de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Cistus Ladanifer ◽  
Chemical Profile

scholarly journals Current Clinical Trials and Vaccine Development Strategies for Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 979-988
Author(s):  
Abhi Bhadra ◽  
Shweta Singh ◽  
Shaswat Chandrakar ◽  
Vanshika Kumar ◽  
Sakshi Sankhla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cell ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has reached global epidemic status claiming more than 319K lives and affecting more than 4.81M people and counting worldwide. Considering the severity of the situation and low recovery rate many research institutions and pharmaceutical industries are rushing to learn more about this new virus and the morbid physiology of this disease with effective diagnostic methods, therapeutic agents and vaccines. Various approaches are highlighted for comparing the possible treatment methods available for COVID-19 some of which are BCG vaccination on COVID-19 and Non-pharmaceutical interventions, drug based clinical trials of Hydroxychloroquine-Azithromycin, chloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, Remdesivir, Stem Cell therapy and mesenchymal stromal cell therapy, etc.

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