scholarly journals Cuticular and Internal Chemical Composition of Biting Midges Culicoides spp. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), Potential Vectors of Viral Diseases

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400900
Author(s):  
Mikel González ◽  
Sergio López ◽  
Gloria Rosell ◽  
Arturo Goldarazena ◽  
Angel Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Chemical Profile ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Biting Midge ◽  
Branched Hydrocarbons ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Major Chemical ◽  
First Time

The chemical profile of the cuticle and internal tissues of four species of Culicoides have been studied for the first time by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The chemical composition of females of C. obsoletus s.l. and C. lupicaris, vectors of diverse viral diseases, have been compared with that of other biting midges, such as C. kibunensis and C. fascipennis, and the non-biting midge Forcipomyia bipunctata. A total of 61 compounds belonging to 8 major chemical classes were identified in cuticular and internal tissues in n-hexane extracts. The compounds include carboxylic acids (CAs) (C6-C20), with C16:0, C16:1 and C18:1 being dominant, branched hydrocarbons (C29 to C38 mono/di/trimethylalkanes), linear hydrocarbons (C15 to C33, mainly odd chain carbons), terpenes (geranylacetone, geranylgeraniol acetate, squalene, terpenic alcohol), steroids (cholesterol), aldehydes (C9-C10 and even chain C20 to C30), and esters. The chemical profile depends on the species and whether the extracts are external (cuticle) or internal. The contents of linear and branched hydrocarbons and aldehydes was high in cuticular extracts but practically absent in internal tissues, which were, in contrast, rich in CAs, terpenes and steroids. The results are discussed and compared with other Culicoides midges and mosquito-related species.

scholarly journals Aglaomorpha quercifolia (L.) Hovenkamp & S. Linds a Wild Fern Used in Timorese Cuisine

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Hermenegildo R. Costa ◽  
Inês Simão ◽  
Helena Silva ◽  
Paulo Silveira ◽  
Artur M. S. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
East Timor ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Profile ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
The World ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
First Time ◽  
Different Parts

Aglaomorpha quercifolia (L.) Hovenkamp & S. Linds is an extensively used species in traditional medicinal systems in several areas of the world due to some important medicinal properties such as antioxidant, antibacterial, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities. In East Timor, different parts of this fern are used either as remedies or as food. The ingestion of a broth made from its rhizome improves lactation, and young fronds of this fern are boiled and eaten with rice by the locals. Nevertheless, its chemical profile is far from being established. The present work aims to establish the chemical profile of both rhizomes and leaves n-hexane extracts by Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed the leaves richness in fatty acids with interesting nutritional values (ω−6/ω−3 = 0.68, AI = 0.59, TI = 0.30), being linolenic acid (253.71 ± 0.93 mg/g dry leaves) and palmitic acid (237.27 ± 0.59 mg/g dry leaves) the significant compounds in the extract. Whereas the rhizome extract is mostly rich in terpenoids, such as steroid, cycloartane, and hopanoid derivatives, being hop-16-ene (166.45 ± 0.53 mg/g dry rhizome) and β-sitosterol (50.76 ± 0.11 mg/g dry rhizome) the major compounds. Several compounds are reported for the first time in the species, and the data herein reported contributes to confirming the species nutritional value.

scholarly journals Soil and Leaf Nutrients Drivers on the Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Siparuna muricata (Ruiz & Pav.) A. DC. from Ecuador

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2949
Author(s):  
Juan I. Burneo ◽  
Ángel Benítez ◽  
James Calva ◽  
Pablo Velastegui ◽  
Vladimir Morocho
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Leaf Nutrients ◽  
First Time

Chemical compositions of plants are affected by the initial nutrient contents in the soil and climatic conditions; thus, we analyzed for the first time the effects of soil and leaf nutrients on the compositions of the essential oils (EOs) of Siparuna muricata in four different localities in Ecuador. EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and a gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID). Enantiomeric distribution by GC/MS was determined, modifying the enantiomeric separation of β-pinene, limonene, δ-elemene, β-bourbonene, cis-cadina-1 (6), 4-diene and atractylone. A total of 44 compounds were identified. The most representative for L1 were guaiol, atractylone and 4-diene; for L2, cis-cadina-1(6),4-diene and myrcene; for L3, atractylone, myrcene and germacrene B; and finally, L4 germacrene B, myrcene and cis-cadina-1(6),4-diene. Correlations between soil- leaf chemical elements such as Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, N and Si in the different localities were significant with chemical composition of the essential oil of Siparuna muricata; however, correlations between soil and leaf K, P, and Na were not significant. Cluster and NMDS analysis showed high dissimilarity values of secondary metabolites between four localities related with changes in soil- leaf nutrients. Thus, the SIMPER routine revealed that not all secondary metabolites contribute equally to establishing the differences in the four localities, and the largest contributions are due to differences in guaiol, cis-cadina-1(6),4-diene, atractylone and germacrene. Our investigation showed for the first time the influences of altitude and soil- leaf chemical elements in the chemical composition of the EOs of S. muricata.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL FROM LEAVES OF CALLICARPA ARBOREA ROXB. GROWING IN VIETNAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (6A) ◽  
pp. 280
Author(s):  
Hung Huy Nguyen ◽  
Dai Ngoc Do ◽  
Prabodh Satyal ◽  
Chung Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Nguyen Van Bui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
First Time

The essential oil from the leaves of Callicarpa arborea Roxb. growing wild in Vietnam, was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry. The major constituents of leaves of C. arborea were β-selinene (23.9%), ar-turmerone (17.5%) and α-copaene (8.9%), with lesser concentrations of caryophyllene oxide (4.9%) and ar-turmerol (3.9%). The chemical composition of this essential oil sample is being reported for the first time.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Volatile Components of the Liverworts Dumortiera hirsuta subsp. hirsuta and Dumortiera hirsuta subsp. nepalensis (Dumortieraceae) from Panama and Taxonomic Observations on the Species

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando A. Durant-Archibold ◽  
Noris Salazar Allen ◽  
Anette Garrido ◽  
Jose Gudiño Ledezma ◽  
Mahabir P. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Chemical Markers ◽  
Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
First Time

We report for the first time the chemical composition of volatile components (VOCs) of two subspecies, D. hirsuta subsp. hirsuta and D. hirsuta subsp. nepalensis, of the liverwort Dumortiera hirsuta from Panama by using headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in order to assess distinguishing markers between the two species. Forty VOCs were identified in total for both subspecies. Of these, 34 are reported for the first time in D. hirsuta. Furthermore, both subspecies showed clear differences in the type and amount of VOCs. The major compounds in D. hirsuta subsp. hirsuta were α-gurjunene, β-selinene, α-guaiene, α-humulene and β-caryophyllene; while in D. hirsuta subsp. nepalensis were ledene, α-gurjunene, β-caryophyllene and α-guaiene, respectively. Two oxygenated sesquiterpenes, globulol and nerolidol, could be considered as possible distinguishing chemical markers between these two subspecies. We conclude that both morphotypes of D. hirsuta are chemically different.

scholarly journals Chemical composition of essential oil in Mosla chinensis Maxim cv. Jiangxiangru and its inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Peng ◽  
Yunhao Xiong ◽  
Mei Wang ◽  
Manman Han ◽  
Weilan Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Major Chemical

AbstractThe essential oil of Mosla chinensis Maxim cv. Jiangxiangru is known for its antibacterial ability. This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition of Jiangxiangru essential oil and its inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used to determine the chemical composition of Jiangxiangru essential oil. Subsequently, the eight major chemical components were quantitatively analyzed using GC– MS, and their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against S. aureus were tested. Biofilm formation was detected by crystal violet semi-quantitative method and silver staining. Of the 59 peaks detected, 29 were identified by GC–MS. Of these peaks, thymol, carvacrol, p-cymene, γ-terpinene, thymol acetate, α-caryophyllene, 3-carene, and carvacryl acetate were present at a relatively higher concentration. The results of the quantitative test showed that thymol, carvacrol, p-cymene, and γ-terpinene were the major components of the essential oil. Among the eight reference substances, only thymol, carvacrol, and thymol acetate had lower MICs compared with the essential oil. Essential oil, carvacrol, carvacryl acetate, α-caryophyllene, and 3-carene showed the better inhibition of S. aureus biofilm formation. When one fourth of the MIC concentrations were used for these substances (0.0625 mg/mL for essential oil, 0.0305 mg/mL for carvacrol, 1.458 mg/mL for carvacryl acetate, 0.1268 mg/mL for α-caryophyllene, and 2.5975 mg/mL for 3-carene), the inhibition rates were over 80%. However, thymol, γ-terpinene, thymol acetate, and p-cymene showed a relatively poor inhibition of S. aureus biofilm formation. When 1× MIC concentrations of these substances were used, the inhibition rates were less than 50%. In conclusion, Jiangxiangru essential oil and its major components, carvacrol, carvacryl acetate, α-caryophyllene, and 3-carene, strongly inhibited biofilm formation in S. aureus.

scholarly journals GC-MS Analysis of Insecticidal Essential Oil of Aerial Parts ofEchinops latifoliusTausch

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Chao Liu ◽  
Xianghong Hao ◽  
Ligang Zhou ◽  
Zhi Long Liu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Fumigant Toxicity ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Natural Insecticide ◽  
First Time ◽  
Insecticidal Activities

The roots ofEchinops latifoliusTausch (Asteraceae) have been used in the traditional medicine. However, no report on chemical composition and insecticidal activities of the essential oil of this plant exists. The aim of this research was to determine chemical composition and insecticidal activities of the essential oil ofE. latifoliusaerial parts against maize weevils (Sitophilus zeamaisMotschulsky) for the first time. Essential oil ofE. latifoliusaerial parts at flowering stage was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 35 components of the essential oil ofE. latifoliusaerial parts were identified. The major compounds in the essential oil were 1,8-cineole (19.63%), (Z)-β-ocimene (18.44%), andβ-pinene (15.56%) followed byβ-myrcene (4.75%) and carvone (4.39%). The essential oil ofE. latifoliuspossessed contact toxicity againstS. zeamaiswith an LD50value of 36.40 µg/adult. The essential oil also exhibited fumigant toxicity againstS. zeamaiswith an LC50value of 9.98 mg/L. The study indicates that the essential oil ofE. latifoliusaerial parts has a potential for development into a natural insecticide/fumigant for control of insects in stored grains.

scholarly journals Hematophagous biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Tefé municipality, Amazonas state, Brazil

Check List ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1676
Author(s):  
Emanuelle De Sousa Farias ◽  
Antonio Marques Pereira Júnior ◽  
Jéssica Feijó Almeida ◽  
Felipe Arley Costa Pessoa ◽  
Jansen Fernandes Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
First Record ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Biting Midge ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Amazonas State ◽  
First Time

Some species of biting midges are vectors of pathogens that cause disease in vertebrates, including humans. The aim of this study was to survey the biting midge fauna in Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil. Culicoides were collected using HP light traps during January, February, and April 2013. Midges collected included one species from the genus Lectoconops that bites humans. A total of 248 Culicoides individuals were collected, representing 19 species from two subgenera (Haematomyidium and Hoffmania) and four informal species groups (carpenteri, leoni, fluvialis, and reticulatus). Twelve individuals of L. brasiliensis were also collected, and this is the first record of L. brasiliensis in Amazonas. Three species of Culicoides were also recorded for the first time in Amazonas, including Culicoides aitkeni, C. glabellus and C. ocumarensis. The most abundant species were C. hylas (81 individuals), and C. foxi (27). The Culicoides fauna in Tefé is diverse, and proven vectors such as C. paraensis and C. insignis were found.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Volatile Components of Essential Oils of Selected Plants in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Lydia G. Mugao ◽  
Bernard M. Gichimu ◽  
Phyllis W. Muturi ◽  
Simon T. Mukono
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Major Chemical ◽  
Scanty Information ◽  
Test Plants

Essential oils are secondary metabolites that plants produce for protection from pests and predators, attraction of pollinators, and seed dispersal. The oils are made up of a mixture of compounds that give a characteristic flavour and odour. Currently, essential oils are receiving great attention in research for their phytochemical and antimicrobial activities. However, there is scanty information on the chemical composition of many plants. This study provides a detailed analysis of the chemical composition of essential oils of ginger, garlic, tick berry, and Mexican marigold in Kenya. The essential oils were extracted by steam distillation and analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The study identified a total of 52 different chemical classes from the essential oils of the four different plants that were analysed. Their percentage composition was also found to vary between the test plants. The essential oils of Mexican marigold constituted the highest composition of the identified chemical classes at 71.2%, followed by ginger at 55.8%, while both tick berry and garlic oils constituted 53.8% of the total classes identified. Terpenes constituted the highest composition in the essential oils of all the four test plants. Other major chemical classes included esters, ketones, organosulfurs, alkanes, cycloalkanes, steroids, aromatic hydrocarbons, and alkanols. Some of these chemical compounds have been shown to have a huge utility potential in biopesticides, pharmaceutical, and food industries, and hence, their industrial extraction and purification from the essential oils of these plants are recommended.

scholarly journals Essential Oil From Psidium guajava Leaves: An Excellent Source of β-Caryophyllene

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1984300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anam Arain ◽  
Syed Tufail Hussain Sherazi ◽  
Sarfaraz Ahmed Mahesar ◽  
Sirajuddin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
First Time ◽  
Excellent Source ◽  
Chemical Class

The purpose of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of the essential oil extracted from Psidium guajava leaves and to explore the medicinal value of β-caryophyllene in pharmaceutical science. The essential oils of P. guajava leaves were extracted by the hydrodistillation method, using a Clevenger-type apparatus and the chemical composition of essential oils was investigated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The yield of extracted essential oils was 0.6% (w/w) dry weight. The main compounds found in the leaves were β-caryophyllene (20.34%), globulol (8.20%), trans-nerolidol (7.72%), aromadendrene (4.34%), cis-α-bisabolene (3.82%), tetracosane (3.68%), octadecane (3.66%), Z, Z, Z-1,5,9,9-tetramethyl-1,4,7-cycloundecatriene (3.44%), β-bisabolene (3.41%), limonene (3.09%), octacosane (2.88%), δ-cadinene (2.52%), and 1,4-cadadiene (2.04%). The main chemical class of the essential oil was terpenoids, which represent 71.65%, followed by hydrocarbons (26.31%). A total of 50 components were identified, among these β-caryophyllene was found to be dominant, which has great medicinal value, and some other compounds were also identified for the first time in the essential oil of P. guajava leaves.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Volatile Constituents of Cochlospermum angolense

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700
Author(s):  
Michele Leonardi ◽  
Silvia Giovanelli ◽  
Pier Luigi Cioni ◽  
Guido Flamini ◽  
Luisa Pistelli
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Volatile Profiles ◽  
Leaves And Roots ◽  
First Time ◽  
Root Essential Oil

The chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from the leaves and roots of Cochlospermum angolense (Welw) growing wild in Angola was analyzed for the first time by capillary gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The investigation led to the identification of 67 and 130 compounds from the leaves and roots, respectively. Both oils were strongly characterized by the presence of sesquiterpenoids (68.8% in the leaves and 53.2% in the roots), while monoterpenoids were present in minor percentages (9.8% in the leaves and 26.2% in the root). The main constituents of the leaves were germacrene D (9.4%), α-cadinol (7.4%) and 10- epi-cubenol (6.2%), while the most abundant compounds in the root essential oil were the sesquiterpenes β-caryophyllene (19.7%) and isoborneol (6.6%). The analysis by HS-SPME of the roots, leaves, fruits and seeds were also reported for the first time. Different volatile profiles were detected.

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