Are There Any Changes in Posterior Ocular Structure Parameters in Pediatric Migraine Patients?

Purpose To evaluate the thickness of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), total macula, macular ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), and choroid in pediatric migraine patients and compare the values with healthy subjects. Methods This observational and cross-sectional study included 40 patients in the migraine group and 40 healthy control subjects. The thickness of the peripapillary RNFL, total macula, GCL, and IPL was analyzed with spectral-domain optic coherence tomography, while choroidal thickness was analyzed with the enhanced depth imaging protocol. All measurements of the migraine patients were taken in the attack-free period. Right eye selected per subject was included in the study. Results There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in age or sex (p>0.05). The peripapillary RNFL thickness was not significantly different between the 2 groups in any quadrant. The total macula, GCL, and IPL thickness were also not significantly different in the 9 separate macular areas defined on the basis of the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (p>0.05). The choroidal thickness at 5 different measurement points was not statistically significantly different between migraine patients during the attack-free period and the healthy subjects (p>0.05). Conclusions Childhood migraine does not cause changes in posterior ocular structure parameters.

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Influence of Fasting followed by Acute Water Ingestion on Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness in Eyes of Healthy Subjects

Ophthalmology Point of Care ◽

10.5301/oapoc.0000013 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. oapoc.0000013

Author(s):

Rocio Blanco-Garavito ◽

Polina Astroz ◽

Salomon Yves Cohen ◽

Eric H. Souied

Keyword(s):

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Enhanced Depth Imaging ◽

Hydration Status ◽

Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness ◽

Water Ingestion ◽

Case Series Study ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Purpose To investigate the influence of at least 12 hours of fasting followed by acute water ingestion on macular choroidal thickness in eyes of healthy subjects. Methods Prospective case series study including healthy volunteers from April 1, 2015 to May 31, 2015. Macular choroidal thickness was measured on enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) and on swept-source (SS)-OCT after 12 hours of fasting, and 60 minutes after acute water ingestion (750 mL in 5 minutes). Results A total of 52 eyes of 26 healthy volunteers were included in this study. The mean age for participants was 32 years old. After 12 hours of fasting, the mean (±SD) subfoveal choroidal thickness was 335.43 (±104.82) μm on EDI-OCT and 286.16 (±80.32) μm on SS-OCT. The mean (±SD) subfoveal choroidal thickness after acute water intake was 352.32 (±120.36) μm and 290.5 (±85.86) μm, respectively. There was no significant difference between the mean subfoveal thickness at baseline and 60 minutes after acute water ingestion for any of the choroidal imaging techniques (p = 0.1386 for EDI-OCT and p = 0.0659 for SS-OCT). Conclusions These results suggest that choroidal circulation can physiologically quickly adapt to systemic vascular changes in healthy eyes. Choroidal thickness did not depend upon the hydration status for the subjects participating in this study.

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Choroidal thickness alterations in idiopathic acute retinal vasculitis

Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/25158414211022875 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 251584142110228

Author(s):

Ashok Kumar ◽

Vikas Ambiya ◽

Sanjay Kumar Mishra ◽

Mayank Jhanwar

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Anterior Chamber ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Retinal Vasculitis ◽

Enhanced Depth Imaging ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Depth Imaging ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Fellow Eyes

Background: To evaluate changes in sub-foveal choroidal thickness in patients with acute idiopathic retinal vasculitis compared with age-matched healthy subjects and unaffected fellow eyes. Methods: This prospective observational study included 36 eyes of 23 acute idiopathic retinal vasculitis patients (group V) which included a sub-group of 10 eyes of 10 patients with unilateral vasculitis (group UV), and 50 eyes of 25 healthy subjects (group N). The assessment involved demographics, systemic examination, comprehensive ocular examination, fundus photography with/without fundus fluorescein angiography, and spectral domain–optical coherence tomography with enhanced depth imaging. Results: There was significant difference between the mean sub-foveal choroidal thickness in groups V and N (V: 338.86 ± 28.72 um; N: 296.72 ± 19.45 μm; p < 0.001). The eyes of patients with unilateral vasculitis compared with unaffected fellow eyes had no significant difference in best corrected visual acuity (group UV: median = 0.2; range = (0.0–0.3) and group N: median = 0.2; range = (0.0–0.3); p = 0.35) but the sub-foveal choroidal thickness was significantly increased in the involved eye (group UV: 333.5 ± 16.68 um; group N: 284.4 ± 15.68 um; p ⩽ 0.001). The BCVA was significantly lower in the eyes with anterior chamber inflammation (median = 0.2; range = (0.0–0.3) and; median = 0.1; range (0.0–0.3); p = 0.002), but there was no statistically significant difference in sub-foveal choroidal thickness measurement between the two groups of vasculitis patients with and without anterior chamber inflammation (334.3 ± 18.85 um and 336 ± 31.56 um; p = 0.22). Conclusion: The sub-foveal choroidal thickness increases during active inflammation in eyes with idiopathic retinal vasculitis compared with unaffected fellow eyes and healthy control eyes. Thus, measurement of the sub-foveal choroidal thickness on optical coherence tomography with enhanced depth imaging can serve as a non-invasive modality in the diagnosis and monitoring of acute idiopathic retinal vasculitis.

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Choroidal Thickness and Volume Modifications Induced by Aerobic Exercise in Healthy Young Adults

Ophthalmic Research ◽

10.1159/000511201 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gema Insa-Sánchez ◽

Lorena Fuentes-Broto ◽

Alberto Cobos ◽

Elvira Orduna Hospital ◽

Francisco Segura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Young Adults ◽

Physical Exercise ◽

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Activity Level ◽

Enhanced Depth Imaging ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Imaging Protocol ◽

Post Exercise ◽

Physical Activity Levels

Introduction: Our aim was to evaluate the changes in choroidal thickness (CT) and volume (CV) following aerobic physical exercise in healthy young adults. Methods: This study included 72 eyes from healthy volunteers between 22 and 37 years old. Using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, total physical activity was computed. Measurements using an autorefractometer, ocular biometry, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography using the Enhanced Depth Imaging protocol were taken. OCT was performed as a baseline measurement and after performing 10 min of dynamic physical exercise (3 and 10 min post-exercise). The choroidal layer was manually segmented, and the CT and CV in different areas from the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grid were obtained. Results: In healthy adults, at 3 min post-exercise, CT was higher in the subfoveal, the 3-mm nasal, and the 6-mm superior areas. Between 3 and 10 min post-exercise, the CT was reduced in all areas, and in some areas, the values were even smaller than the baseline measurements. The CV values showed changes after exercise similar to those of thickness. The total CV recovery after exercise was related to sex and physical activity level. Conclusion: Individuals with higher physical activity habits had greater CV at rest than those with lower physical activity levels. During exercise, healthy young people adjust CT and CV. At 3 min post-exercise, CT and CV increase. Women and individuals with greater physical activity levels reduce their total CV more than others during recovery.

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Outer Retinal Layers’ Thickness Changes in relation to Age and Choroidal Thickness in Normal Eyes

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2019/1698967 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mona Kamal Abdellatif ◽

Yasser Abdelmaguid Mohamed Elzankalony ◽

Ahmed Abdelmonsef Abdelhamid Ebeid ◽

Weam Mohamed Ebeid

Keyword(s):

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Pigment Epithelium ◽

Retinal Pigment ◽

Enhanced Depth Imaging ◽

Old Patients ◽

Retinal Layers ◽

Age Related ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group 3 ◽

Sd Oct

Purpose. To identify and correlate age-related changes in outer retinal layers’ thickness and choroidal thickness (CT) in the normal eyes using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and to investigate factors affecting these changes. Study Design. Observational cross-sectional study. Subjects and Methods. We studied 125 healthy Egyptians between 20 and 79 years old. Patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1 (20–40 years), group 2 (40–60 years), and group 3 (>60 years). All patients had full ophthalmic examination. SD-OCT was done to measure the 9 ETDRS macular grid sectors of retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor outer segment (RPE-OS), outer nuclear layer and photoreceptor inner segment (ONL-IS), and choroidal thickness (CT) (by enhanced depth imaging). Results. RPE-OS was significantly thinner in group 3 than in the other 2 groups (central: P<0.001). Moreover, the 3 groups were significantly different from each other regarding the CT (central: P<0.001); significant thinning was noticed in the choroid with age. The 3 groups did not show significant difference concerning the ONL-IS thickness. RPE-OS and CT showed statistically significant negative correlation with age (central RPE-OS: r = −0 C.345, P<0.001, and central CT: r = −0.725, P<0.001) while ONL-IS showed statistically nonsignificant correlation with age (central ONL-IS: r = −0.08, P=0.376). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the most important determinant of central 1 mm RPE-OS thickness in this study was age (β = −0.087, P=0.010) rather than choroidal thinning (β = 0.001, P=0.879). Conclusion. RPE-OS layer thickness shows significant thinning with increasing age, and with decrease in CT, however, age is the most determinant factor of this thinning.

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The quantitative measurements of choroidal thickness and volume in diabetic retinopathy using optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography; correlation with vision and foveal avascular zone

BMC Ophthalmology ◽

10.1186/s12886-021-02178-w ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fariba Ghassemi ◽

Sahar Berijani ◽

Ameneh Babeli ◽

Houshang Faghihi ◽

Alireza Gholizadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Normal Control ◽

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Enhanced Depth Imaging ◽

Foveal Avascular Zone ◽

Control Group ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Avascular Zone

Abstract Background To represent choroidal thickness (CT) and choroidal volume (CV) databases in diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients and healthy control participants using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and enhanced depth imaging OCT (EDI-OCT). No study had evaluated CT at all main stages of diabetic retinopathy in a single study. Methods The study included 176 eyes from 93 patients (39–80 years old; 42% females) who were divided into three groups based on DR severity and normal control group: 39 eyes no DR, 64 eyes NPDR, 33 eyes PDR, and 40 eyes normal control. The CT and CV were measured and statistically analyzed. Intra-observer and inter-observer coefficients of repeatability were calculated. Results Subfoveal CT showed persistent thinning from normal group (322.50 ± 69.24) to no-diabetic retinopathy (NDR, 308.33 ± 74.45) to nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR, 283.45 ± 56.50) group and then thickening as the patient progressed to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR, 295.17 ± 95.69) (P = 0.087). A significant difference was found between the control group and the NDR, NPDR, and PDR groups in nearly all CT and CV of Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study macular subfields. Fasting blood sugar (FBS = 189.08 ± 51.3 mg/dl) and diabetes mellitus (DM) duration (13.6 ± 6.5 years) had no noticeable effect on CT. In patients with diabetes, the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), diabetic macular edema (DME), and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) were not affected by CT and CV. Conclusions The choroidal thickness decreases from the early stages of diabetic retinopathy up to the NPDR stage, with a subsequent modest rise in CT during the PDR stage. There was no correlation between FBS, diabetes duration, BCVA, DME, and FAZ, and CT.

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Assessment of the choroidal structure in pregnant women in the first trimester

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-84204-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Keiko Azuma ◽

Atsushi Okubo ◽

Takafumi Suzuki ◽

Nozomi Igarashi ◽

Yoko Nomura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Linear Mixed Model ◽

First Trimester ◽

Study Groups ◽

Enhanced Depth Imaging ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Luminal Area ◽

Choroidal Structure ◽

First Trimester Of Pregnancy

AbstractWe investigated the anatomical differences in the choroidal structure between pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy and age-matched healthy nonpregnant women using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) and choroidal binarization analysis. The main parameters measured in the two study groups, namely, pregnant women in the first trimester and healthy nonpregnant women, were choroidal thickness and the choroidal luminal area. Binarization of the EDI-OCT images from each patient was performed, and the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) was calculated. The correlations between the baseline characteristics of the subjects and the CVI were investigated using linear mixed model analysis. As a result, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean age, best-corrected visual acuity, axial length, central retinal thickness, subfoveal choroidal thickness, systolic blood pressure (BP), or diastolic BP between the two study groups. Conversely, a significant difference was observed in the CVI (P = 0.012) between the two groups. The multivariate analysis identified a significant correlation between the CVI and the systolic BP (P = 0.0044, linear mixed test). Taken together, a larger choroidal luminal area was associated with a higher systolic BP, especially in the first trimester of pregnancy. Our findings may provide further insight into the choroidal changes that occur during pregnancy.

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How does nepafenac affect the choroidal thickness after uneventful cataract surgery?

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/1120672120976041 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 112067212097604

Author(s):

Selim Cevher ◽

Gülçin Aydoğdu

Keyword(s):

Free Group ◽

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Enhanced Depth Imaging ◽

Depth Imaging ◽

Small Incision ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ophthalmologic Examination ◽

Imaging Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

The Mean

Purpose: To investigate the effects of topical nepafenac on choroidal thickness (CT) following uneventful phacoemulsification surgery (UPS) using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). Methods: This prospective study included 45 randomly selected eyes (23 eyes of 23 patients used nepafenac (nepafenac group) and 22 eyes of 22 control patients did not use nepafenac (nepafenac-free group)) undergoing small-incision UPS. All participants underwent full ophthalmologic examination. CT measurements were performed at subfoveal, 1.0 mm temporal, and 1.0 mm nasal using the EDI-OCT preoperatively, 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month postoperatively. Results: The mean subfoveal, nasal, and temporal CT in the nepafenac-free group had changed from 268.95 ± 63.59 μm to 283.36 ± 65.63 μm, 237.22 ± 64.09 μm to 253.09 ± 67.27 μm, and 235.95 ± 75.22 μm to 259.09 ± 63.66 μm preoperatively to 1 month postoperatively, respectively ( p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). The mean subfoveal, nasal, and temporal CT in the nepafenac group had changed from 259.65 ± 55.99 μm to 276.65 ± 59.21 μm, 236.34 ± 55.40 μm to 251.00 ± 62.39 μm, and 247.56 ± 50.88 μm to 261.13 ± 53.73 μm preoperatively to 1 month postoperatively, respectively ( p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). The postoperative CT continued to increase significantly during the follow-up period in two groups. However, compared to the change from baseline to month 1, there was not a statistically significant difference between the groups at subfoveal, nasal, and temporal CT ( p: 0.633, p: 0.865, and p: 0.328, respectively). Conclusion: UPS may cause a significant increase in CT. Although increasing in the CT was lower in the nepafenac group than the nepafenac-free group, there was not a statistically significant difference between the groups.

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Choroidal structural evaluation in celiac disease

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-95812-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Maddalena De Bernardo ◽

Livio Vitiello ◽

Michela Battipaglia ◽

Francesca Mascolo ◽

Claudio Iovino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Celiac Disease ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Enhanced Depth Imaging ◽

Depth Imaging ◽

Structural Evaluation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Choroidal Structure ◽

Imaging Mode ◽

Proportional Increase ◽

Choroidal Vasculature

AbstractThis observational case–control study assessed the differences in choroidal structure between patients with celiac disease and healthy subjects utilizing the choroidal vascularity index (CVI). Seventy-four celiac patients and 67 healthy subjects underwent a complete ophthalmological evaluation, axial length (AL) measurements and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography with enhanced depth imaging mode (EDI SD-OCT) evaluation. These images were binarized and choroidal vasculature was analyzed. Choroidal total subfoveal area (TSA), luminal subfoveal area (LSA), stromal subfoveal area (SSA), CVI and subfoveal choroidal thickness (CT) were measured. Furthermore, subfoveal CT, TSA, LSA, SSA, and CVI were also correlated with AL. A statistically significant difference was found between the two groups for TSA, LSA, SSA and subfoveal CT, but not for CVI. In celiac patients, a significant correlation was found between AL and TSA, LSA and SSA, but not with CVI. Similar findings were also noticed in the healthy subjects. Thus, celiac patients have a thicker choroid than healthy subjects, regardless of the AL, due to a proportional increase in both the vascular and stromal components, which does not alter the CVI.

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Association between serum soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 and the central choroidal thickness during pregnancy: a prospective study

BMJ Open Ophthalmology ◽

10.1136/bmjophth-2021-000888 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. e000888

Author(s):

Takafumi Suzuki ◽

Tatsuya Inoue ◽

Nozomi Igarashi ◽

Chisato Agata ◽

Atsushi Okubo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tyrosine Kinase ◽

Prospective Study ◽

Postpartum Period ◽

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Linear Mixed Model ◽

Structural Parameters ◽

Enhanced Depth Imaging ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Significant Difference

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between serum soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and the choroidal structure during the pregnancy.Methods and analysisThis prospective study enrolled 24 eyes of 12 consecutive healthy pregnant women. Each participant was evaluated during the first, second and third trimester of pregnancy and the postpartum period. The central choroidal thickness (CCT) and Choroidal Vascular Index (CVI) were measured using enhanced depth-imaging optical coherence tomography. Moreover, serum sFlt-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentrations were measured manually using ELISA. The association between choroidal structural parameters and serum sFlt-1/VEGF was analysed using a linear mixed model.ResultsThe CCT was significantly thicker in the second and third trimester than the postpartum period (p<0.05). In contrast, there was no significant difference in the CVI throughout pregnancy or the postpartum period. Serum sFlt-1 levels were significantly higher during pregnancy than the postpartum period (p<0.05), whereas the serum VEGF levels were significantly lower during pregnancy than the postpartum period (p<0.05). Furthermore, serum sFlt-1 levels were significantly associated with CCT throughout pregnancy (p=0.011, linear mixed model). On the contrary, sFlt-1 levels was not associated with the CVI during the pregnancy.ConclusionOur results suggest that serum sFlt-1 might have an influence on the choroidal thickness during the pregnancy.

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Corneal cross-linking for keratoconus: Evaluation of the retina and choroid

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/11206721211021300 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 112067212110213

Author(s):

Kobra Nasrollahi ◽

Fatemeh Razmjoo ◽

Morteza Naderan ◽

Alireza Peyman

Keyword(s):

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Enhanced Depth Imaging ◽

Cross Linking ◽

Depth Imaging ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Corrected Distance Visual Acuity ◽

Before And After ◽

Imaging Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Choroidal Volume

Purpose: To investigate the possible structural changes of the central choroid and retina after collagen cross-linking (CXL) in patients with progressive keratoconus (KCN). Methods: Twenty-five eyes of 25 patients were included in this study. Patients underwent enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) before and 1 month after CXL. The values for central macular thickness (CMT), subfoveal choroidal thickness (CHT), and choroidal volume (CHV) were evaluated. Results: CMT before and after CXL was 263.24 ± 16.25 μm and 263.20 ± 16.51 μm, respectively ( p = 0.98). CHT was 362.08 ± 36.80 μm and 367.84 ± 33.67 μm before and after CXL, respectively ( p = 0.26). CHV was 8.74 ± 0.33 mm3 and 8.68 ± 0.36 mm3 before and after CXL, respectively ( p = 0.11). There was no significant difference in the corrected distance visual acuity before and after CXL (0.06 ± 0.05 and 0.05 ± 0.05 logMAR, respectively, p = 0.65). Conclusion: Central retinal and choroidal thicknesses are not changed after corneal cross- linking.

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