Production and characterization of bio-oil from algae using pyrolysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 032-038
Author(s):  
J Sani ◽  
T Abubakar
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Gaseous Product ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Powdered Sample ◽  
Bio Oil

Pyrolysis of the algae (chlorophyceac) was carried out using fixed bed reactor at 4500C. The mass balance of the pyrolysed algae were liquid fraction (oil) (10%), gaseous product (11%), solid product (char) (79%) and extent of conversion (21%. The proximate analysis of powdered sample was carried out in accordance with the official method of analytical chemistry (AOAC). The moisture content, ash content, volatile matter and fixed carbon determined were 3 + 0.33, 70.3 + 0.5, 6.3 + 0.3 and 20.2 + 0.07 respectively. The result obtained indicate that algae (chlorophyceae) could be used as feedstock for generation of pyrolysed oil which could probably be upgraded to fuel for both domestic and industrial purposes.

scholarly journals Optimization and Characterization of Bio-oil Produced from Rice Husk Using Surface Response Methodology

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ige Ayodeji Rapheal ◽  
Elinge Cosmos Moki ◽  
Aliyu Muhammad ◽  
Gwani Mohammed ◽  
Lawal Hassan Gusau
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Production Optimization ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Surface Response Methodology ◽  
Chemical Efficiency ◽  
Bio Oil

AbstractThe study depicts the production, optimization and characterization of bio-oil from pyrolyzed rice husk using a fabricated fixed bed reactor. The pyrolysis process was conducted with bio-oil response, bio-char response and non-condensable gases response as products. The effect of pyrolysis variables were observed by the production of the bio-oil as the response. Sixty runs of pyrolysis experiments were suggested by Box Benkhen design indicated optimum pyrolysis conditions at particle size of 2.03mm mesh, reaction time of 81.80 mins and temperature of 650oC for rice husk. The maximum bio-oil yield was obtained with 38.39% at optimum condition of the variables. The bio-oil sample obtained had better performance compared with ASTM standard. Such a determination would contribute so immensely to a significant comprehension of the chemical efficiency of the pyrolysis reaction.

Pyrolysis of waste animal fats in a fixed-bed reactor: Production and characterization of bio-oil and bio-char

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 210-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ben Hassen-Trabelsi ◽  
T. Kraiem ◽  
S. Naoui ◽  
H. Belayouni
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Reactor Production

Pyrolysis of Palm Pressed Fibre (PPF) towards Maximizing Bio-Oil Yield in a Fixed-Bed Reactor

2014 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 239-242
Author(s):  
K. Azduwin ◽  
Mohd Jamir Mohd Ridzuan ◽  
A.R. Mohamed ◽  
S.M. Hafis
Keyword(s):  
Heating Rate ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Palm Pressed Fibre ◽  
Increasing Demand

Increasing demand of fossils fuel for many purposes has cause for the limited sources which lead to the finding for new alternative energy based on biomass because of its sustainable properties. Palm-pressed fibre (PPF) is the biomass waste from palm oil processing which has use minimally for boiler to generate heat. The pyrolysis of PPF in a fixed-bed reactor has the potential as an alternative for its conversion into bio-oil, bio-char and gas. The characterization of PPF where involves elemental analysis, proximate analysis, calorific analysis and component analysis. The pyrolysis of the PPF was performed in the fixed-bed reactor at temperature between 300 - 700 °C and heating rate in the range of 10-70 °C/min with constant flow of nitrogen at 100 cm3/min and 30 minutes hold time.The highest bio-oil yield produced was 44.98% at optimum temperature 500°C and heating rate 30°C/min. By analysis the bio-oil using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), it was found to contains alkenes, ketones, polymeric hydroxyl compound, carboxylic acid, aldehyde and water.

Combining Wet Rendering with Torrefaction to Improve the Fuel Characteristics of Biochar from Food Waste

2019 ◽  
Vol 797 ◽  
pp. 309-318
Author(s):  
Ruwaida Abdul Rasid ◽  
Tai Xin Yee ◽  
Rahsya Nur Udzaifa Abdul Rahman ◽  
Mazni Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
High Heating Value

Food waste is a potential source of renewable carbon that can be utilized as a feedstock for biofuel production. Instead of disposing it in the landfills, food waste can be processed through thermochemical process known as torrefaction, which is conducted between 200°C and 300°C under inert atmosphere, to produce energy-dense biochar. Due to high oil content in the food waste, wet rendering process is introduced as a pre-treatment step to remove the oil from food waste. In this study, the potential of food waste as a renewable energy source is studied, where the biochar produced from direct torrefaction (DT) is compared with the biochar produced from torrefaction process that is preceded with wet rendering (WR) process. Food waste was torrefied in the fixed bed reactor at temperatures 220°C, 240°C and 260°C, with various residence times (15 min, 30 min and 45 min). The produced biochars were characterized in terms of its elemental composition, High Heating Value (HHV) and proximate analysis which includes moisture content, fixed carbon, ash content and volatile matter. It was found that the torrefied food waste shows improved physical properties when compared to raw food waste. The moisture content showed significant reduction while the fixed carbon increased with increasing torrefaction and residence time. This effects were further improved with WR, especially HHV which indicates that the WR process followed by torrefaction may be able to further improve the produced biochar.

Biomass co-pyrolysis: Effects of blending three different biomasses on oil yield and quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 925-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derya Yeşim Hopa ◽  
Oğuzhan Alagöz ◽  
Nazan Yılmaz ◽  
Meltem Dilek ◽  
Gamze Arabacı ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
High Fatty Acid ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bio Oil

In the present study, pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse, poppy capsule pulp, and rice husk were conducted in a fixed bed reactor at 550⁰C in nitrogen atmosphere. The moisture (5%–8%), ash (4%–17%), volatile matter (60%–76%), and fixed carbon analyses (11%–24%) of the utilized biomass were conducted. The decomposition behavior of biomasses due to the heat effect was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis . In the pyrolysis of biomasses separately, the highest bio-oil yield was obtained with sugarcane bagasse (27.4%). In the co-pyrolysis of the binary blends of biomass, the highest bio-oil yield was obtained with the rice husk and sugarcane bagasse blends. While the mean bio-oil yield obtained with the separate pyrolysis of these two biomasses was 23.9%, it was observed that the bio-oil yield obtained with the co-pyrolysis of biomass blends was 28.4%. This suggested a synergistic interaction between the two biomasses during pyrolysis. It was observed that as the total ash content in the biomasses used in the pyrolysis increased, the bio-oil yield decreased, and the solid product content increased. Characterization studies of bio-oils were conducted by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. Results of these studies revealed that, all bio-oils were mainly composed of aliphatic and oxygenated compounds. The calorific values of bio-oils were determined by calorimeter bomb. Based on the GC-MS, the bio-oils with high fatty acid and its ester content also had high calorific values. The highest calorific value was 29.68 MJ kg-1, and this was obtained by pyrolysis of poppy capsule and sugarcane bagasse blend.

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Biomass: Yields and Characterization of the Products

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Funda Ates ◽  
Ayse Eren Putun ◽  
Ersan Putun
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Pyrolysis Oils

Terpene hydrocarbons are high energy capacity hydrocarbons. The most known terpenoid biomass is Euphorbiaceae family. Euphorbia rigida, a member of Euphorbiaceae, was used as the biomass feedstock and natural zeolite was used as the catalyst in this study. In the experimental studies, firstly the raw material was analysed for its moisture, ash, volatile matter and fixed carbon. Then experiments were carried out in steam atmosphere in a fixed-bed reactor with a heating rate of 7 K/min, pyrolysis temperature of 823 K and mean particular size of 0.55 mm by mixing the catalyst to feedstock in different percentages. Experiments were performed with the catalyst ratios of 5, 10, 20 and 25 (weight-%) under steam atmosphere with the velocities of 12, 25 and 52 cm3/min to determine the effect of catalyst and steam on the product yields and bio-oil composition. Steam velocities were considered as the average steam velocities in the inlet tube of the reactor. The maximum bio-oil was reached to a value of 39.7% when using catalyst ratio of 20% and steam flow rate of 25 cm3/min. Pyrolysis oils were examined by using elemental analysis, IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The liquid products were also fractionated by column chromatography and the gas chromatographic analysis of n-pentane eluate was performed.

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