Production of quicklime from Ashaka limestone through calcination process

This study is on the production of quicklime from Ashaka limestone through calcination process. Effects of temperature, particle size and time on quicklime yield were determined. The experiment was carried out at temperatures of 800, 900, 1000, 1100 and 1200 0C, particle sizes of 80mm, 90mm, 100mm, 300mm and 425mm and times of 0.5hr, 1hr, 2hrs, 3hrs and 4hrs. Analyses of the results showed that quicklime was successfully produced from Ashaka limestone through the calcination process. Quadratic model adequately described the relationship between quicklime yield and calcination factors of temperature, particle size and time. Recorded model F-value of 134.35 implies that the model is significant. The predicted R² of 0.9597 is in reasonable agreement with the adjusted R² of 0.9844; the difference is less than the critical value of 0.2. Optimum yield of 73.48% was obtained at optima operating conditions; temperature of 1000 0C, particle size of 90 µm and time of 3 hrs.

Automated control of fixed loads and remote sockets: design and evaluation

The world is moving towards the process of automation. From the use of manual vehicles to the use of self-driving cars as people seek comfort, convenience and accessibility. Home automation basically does that, making the devices easily accessible from anywhere in the home. To overcome the challenges associated with standing up to switch on and off home appliances, especially during this pandemic era. Hence, “Automated control of fixed loads and remote Sockets: Design and evaluation” presented. This research describes the evaluation via survey and design of a circuit incorporated with a Bluetooth module and design application for smartphones so that any device connected to the circuit such as fans, lightings, sockets etc can make use of the application to control it. The application once it has been successfully installed in any smartphone and successfully connected to the circuit helps in switching on and off the lights, the fan, sockets, etc It will also help in the regulation of the speed of the devices. This is more effective, reliable, automated, time saving and cost effective.

Review of machine learning applications to power systems studies

The complexity of electric power networks from generation, transmission and distribution stations in modern times has resulted to generation of big and more complex data that requires more technical and mathematical analysis because it deals with monitoring, supervisory control and data acquisition all in real time. This has necessitated the need for more accurate analysis and predictions in power systems studies especially under transient, uncertainty or emergency conditions without interference of humans. This is necessary so as to minimize errors with the aim targeted towards improving the overall performance and the need to use more technical but very intelligent predictive tools has become very relevant. Machine learning (ML) is a powerful tool which can be utilized to make accurate predictions about the future nature of data based on past experiences. ML algorithms operate by building a model (mathematical or pictorial) from input examples to make data driven predictions or decisions for the future. ML can be used in conjunction with big data to build effective predictive systems or to solve complex data analytic problems. Electricity generation forecasting systems that could predict the amount of power required at a rate close to the electricity consumption have been proposed in several works. This study seeks to review machine learning applications to power system studies. This paper reviewed applications of ML tools in power systems studies.

Production and characterization of bio-oil from algae using pyrolysis

Pyrolysis of the algae (chlorophyceac) was carried out using fixed bed reactor at 4500C. The mass balance of the pyrolysed algae were liquid fraction (oil) (10%), gaseous product (11%), solid product (char) (79%) and extent of conversion (21%. The proximate analysis of powdered sample was carried out in accordance with the official method of analytical chemistry (AOAC). The moisture content, ash content, volatile matter and fixed carbon determined were 3 + 0.33, 70.3 + 0.5, 6.3 + 0.3 and 20.2 + 0.07 respectively. The result obtained indicate that algae (chlorophyceae) could be used as feedstock for generation of pyrolysed oil which could probably be upgraded to fuel for both domestic and industrial purposes.

Different computational technique for solution of variation issue

Issue of large demand of electricity by customers in all countries becomes a big challenge to all. In this paper the issue of frequency and corresponding power in the generating station has been focused and three generating units taken as a source of electricity generation. Computational technique like; PI, PID, Fuzzy and GA Technique has been applied for the solution of such issues, when the generating unit is operating normal and also even in disturbing condition. The Simulink model has been simulated and comparative result of response has been tabulated for best effectiveness. Comparative results show that the GA techniques gives good results with respect to the other techniques by satisfying the all system parameters in all the conditions.

Noise Pollution in Onitsha Metropolis: Challenges and Solution

This study evaluated noise pollution in Onitsha metropolis, Anambra State, Nigeria in 2019. Noise levels were measured at forty sampling stations in the morning, afternoon and night within the study area for dry and wet seasons using modern noise level instruments. A control point was established at ldeani/Nnobi Junction with coordinates N 06o 05’.282’’ E 006o 55’.891’’ which was used as a reference point and for comparison with the sound levels recorded in designated locations. The results showed that the maximum noise level in the study area exceeded the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv) limit by 7.8% in the dry season and by 13.11% in the wet season. Noise LAeq exceeded the NESREA LAeq limit by 29.89% in the dry season and by 33.44% in the wet season. The study indicated that the mean noise levels in the dry and wet seasons were within FMEnv limit of 90dB .It also showed that high noise levels were recorded around major junctions and market places within Onitsha, which are harmful to public health. The study further showed that transportation activities and trading activities at the market places are the main sources of high noise levels in the study area. Health impact assessment should be conducted in Onitsha metropolis for residents. State government should enforce compliance laws and regulate the activities of industries in the areas.

Effects of calcination variables on quicklime yield of Nkalagu limestone

Calcination of Nkalagu limestone for the production of agricultural quicklime is presented. It entails improving the quality of limestone through calcination process. Appropriate scientific instruments/techniques (x-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscopy) were used for the characterization of the uncalcined and calcined limestone samples. Effects of calcination variables on the quicklime yield were examined. Central composite design of design expert software was used to optimize the calcination process. Analyses of the results revealed that calcite was the major limestone’s mineralogical composition. Quadratic model adequately described the relationship between quicklime yield and calcination factors of temperature, particle size and time. Quadratic model adequately described the relationship between quicklime yield and calcination factors of temperature, particle size and time. The optimum yield of 74.00% was obtained at optima operating conditions; temperature of 937.41 0C, particle size of 85.99µm and time of 3.7 hrs. Characteristics of the quicklime showed that the calcination improved the quality of the sample in terms of mineralogical properties. It is recommended that the generated model should be used to develop chemical plant/equipment for limestone calcination process.

Smart collectibles; use case of NFT tokens

Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) have garnered remarkable investor attention recently, with some NFTs securing selling prices that may have seemed unthinkable for a non-fungible virtual asset. This raises fascinating questions about “value” and “scarcity” with respect to blockchain technology, through a prism of non-fungibility of a digital asset, and this paper aims to draw attention to these questions insofar as they may shape an alternative space of blockchain development and exchange going forward. We find that NFT submarkets are cointegrated and feature various causal short-run connections between them. The success or adoption of younger NFT projects is influenced by that of more established markets. At the same time, the success of newer markets has an impact on the more established projects. The results contribute to the overall understanding of the NFT phenomenon and suggest that NFT markets are immature or even inefficient. This article will tackle these questions from a UK perspective, specifically looking at cases from England and Wales and Scotland, while also covering a few relevant CJEU decisions. This is a relatively recent technology, which will require a lengthier technical explanation to analyse the legal issues that are raised. In some instances, the public perception will be dealt with as well, as it has become evident that there is considerable misunderstanding not only about what an NFT really is, but about the ownership and copyright issues that surround the technology. While NFTs are not entirely related to copyright, and in some way they’re trying to bypass legal transactions in favour of technical solutions, this paper will concentrate on the copyright questions, but it will also tackle some of the emerging issues about the technology. A quick note about balance. This work will take a generally neutral approach to the study of NFTs, but this is a subject that is not devoid of controversy. There have been concerns raised about the viability of this model from various perspectives, but it is not the remit of the work to tackle these, and the approach will be to view non-fungible tokens at face value. The concerns range from the environmental cost of running blockchain technology,9 to the use of tokens for money laundering,10 to the existence of often crippling transaction fees that could make it difficult for artists to profit from their work.11 It is important to highlight these here, although they will not be the subject of further analysis.

Strategic management practices in construction industry; Problems and prospects (A Case of Nigerian Enterprise Anambra State)

This work provides an overview of problems and prospects with the intention to analyze and to evaluate strategic management practices in construction industry. In order to achieve this, relevant studies were examined and reviewed issues on strategic management practices, its problems and prospects in construction industry. Descriptive research design was used in this research. The aim of the research design is the desire to simplify the complex issue of the strategic management practices, its problems and prospects in construction industry in decision making for a better understanding. 261 staff was used to study the population of the construction staff in the case study. The sources of data used for this research are primary and secondary data. The instruments used in collection of the data were structured questionnaire, interview and observation. The descriptive method was used to analyze the data generated for the research. This was supported by tables showing questions, responses, frequency and percentages of Yes or No. The mean scores, correlation, one-way ANOVA and Chi-square test was used in analyzing the data generated for the study. The findings indicate that strategic management practices are highly essential and there is high prospect from the department of strategic management practices in construction industries. Without adequate strategic management practices, construction industries will have problems in design, construction and construction management specifically companies in the case study. Based on the above findings the researcher made recommendations that will help to enhance construction management, promote high prospect in construction industries and to create profitability that will enable the environment specifically companies in the case construction industries.

Mathematical model of steady-state countercurrent bed-shrinking reactor in dilute acid

The mathematical model of bed-shrinking in a countercurrent reactor proposed by Lee (Bioresource Technology 71 (2000) 29 - 39) is explored. This model is based on system of nonlinear differential equations. Analytically, the coupled nonlinear rate equations are solved. To produce approximate analytical expressions for hemicelluloses, oligomers, and xylose concentrations for all the values of non-dimensional parameters and , the homotopy perturbation technique is applied. Our analytical results were compared to existing experimental data and found to be very similar. The dilute-acid pretreatment/hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass is studied using this mathematical model in the reactor.