scholarly journals History of Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation prior to 1972. Part one. Special Article

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
Ronald Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Mechanical Ventilators ◽  
Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation ◽  
Common Mode ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time

Medical history is often overlooked as advances keep moving forward. Seldom is it that advances in medicine are truly new, unique ideas, but rather built on ideas that have been considered before. Even our latest developments will become history or forgotten as science and medicine advance. This history of intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) is a two-part article in which the first part attempts to show that the concepts and apparatus that involve the now common mode of ventilation have been considered and described for nearly 200 years, if not earlier. This older history is not brought forward to diminish what has been done in the last 50 years, but to enhance awareness of how ideas and even mechanical ventilators change over time. The second part will describe how those ideas and mechanics changed into what we now call IMV in its many forms. Keywords: Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation, IMV, History of mechanical ventilation

scholarly journals Evolutionary history of zoogeographical regions surrounding the Tibetan Plateau

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiekun He ◽  
Siliang Lin ◽  
Jiatang Li ◽  
Jiehua Yu ◽  
Haisheng Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Deep Time ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrates ◽  
History Of ◽  
Striking Change ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe Tibetan Plateau (TP) and surrounding regions have one of the most complex biotas on Earth. However, the evolutionary history of these regions in deep time is poorly understood. Here, we quantify the temporal changes in beta dissimilarities among zoogeographical regions during the Cenozoic using 4,966 extant terrestrial vertebrates and 1,278 extinct mammal genera. We identify ten present-day zoogeographical regions and find that they underwent a striking change over time. Specifically, the fauna on the TP was close to the Oriental realm in deep time but became more similar to the Palearctic realms more recently. The present-day zoogeographical regions generally emerged during the Miocene/Pliocene boundary (ca. 5 Ma). These results indicate that geological events such as the Indo-Asian Collision, the TP uplift, and the aridification of the Asian interior underpinned the evolutionary history of the zoogeographical regions surrounding the TP over different time periods.

Reflections on the HIFI Trial

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-567
Author(s):  
A. CHARLES BRYAN ◽  
ALISON B. FROESE
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Mechanical Ventilators ◽  
History Of ◽  
Closing Pressure

Mechanical ventilators have only two functions: to provide a flux to eliminate carbon dioxide from those who will not or cannot breathe and to establish an adequate gas-exchanging volume to reduce shunting. The concept of volume recruitment to reduce shunting goes back at least to Mead and Collier in 1959,1 who showed that without periodic inflations there was a progressive fall in compliance during prolonged mechanical ventilation. Much of the subsequent history of mechanical ventilation in acute lung disease has really been the search for better methods of volume recruitment. The lung has to be inflated past the pressure at which atelectatic lung begins to open and be maintained above its closing pressure (that pressure below which alveoli and airways start to close again).

Patients as Art

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip A. Mackowiak
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Patient Experience ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medical Historian ◽  
Over Time

Patients as Art: Forty Thousand Years of Medical History in Drawings, Paintings, and Sculpture traces the history of medicine through works of art stretching from the Paleolithic period to the present. Long before humans could write, before they had a medical science or possibly even a religion, they had art. Where works of art have involved patients, they have provided insight beyond aspects of sickness and health and life and death that can never be explained by science alone—humanistic aspects of the patient experience that can’t be measured or weighed or dissected. The works analyzed in this book, each of which features one or more patients, were chosen for their esthetic appeal and for the skill with which they depict important developments in medicine over time. Together they offer a compelling perspective on the history of medicine that reflects the outward expressions of artists’ innermost feelings and personal prejudices. In analyzing these works, medical historian Dr. Philip Mackowiak brings the perspective of an internist with over four decades of experience caring for patients, teaching doctors-in-training, and conducting clinical research.

scholarly journals Back to Where It All Began: Revisiting Algonquin Resource Use and Territoriality

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Inksetter
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Major Element ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Access Rights ◽  
Over Time

This article examines resource use among the Algonquin and its change over time. Archaeological and historical data show that the current importance of the moose for both food and clothing among Algonquin people is a relatively recent phenomenon: in pre-contact times up until the nineteenth century, small mammals such as beaver and hare were the most important animals used. The dichotomy between access rights to moose and fur-bearing animals also seems to be a recent phenomenon. As this dichotomy has been used as a major element in theoretical reconstructions of past territoriality and governance, this re-evaluation thus offers a renewed perspective on the history of family hunting territories among Algonquian peoples.

The History of Physical Activity in the Past, Present, and Future of Kinesiology’s Big Questions, Hot Topics, and Prospects for Integration

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mark Dyreson ◽  
Jaime Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Processes Of Change ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time

Since the 1981 publication of Perspectives on the Academic Discipline of Physical Education, the history of physical activity has secured a prominent place in the field of kinesiology. Yet, despite encouraging signs of growth, the subdiscipline still remains an undervalued player in the “team scholarship” approach. Without the integration of historical sensibilities in kinesiology’s biggest questions, our understanding of human movement remains incomplete. Historians of physical activity share many “big questions” and “hot topics” with researchers in other domains of kinesiology. Intriguing possibilities for integrating research endeavors between historians and scholars from other domains beckon, particularly as scientists share the historical fascination with exploring the processes of change over time.

Policing Africa

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Schlichte
Keyword(s):  
Community Policing ◽  
Historical Sociology ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Global History ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time

From a well-informed vantage point of a historical sociology of the police and a broad comparative perspective, this chapter argues that policing in Africa should be situated in a globally connected history. Specific policing practices and organisational models were exported from Europe and then creatively adapted; other practices and models emerged in different places simultaneously and were re-connected through ex-post classification (as under the label ‘community policing’). The central question he evokes is: if the global history of policing is indeed a connected history, of what do these connections consist and how do they change over time?

scholarly journals Distributional Concept Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER DE BOLLA ◽  
EWAN JONES ◽  
PAUL NULTY ◽  
GABRIEL RECCHIA ◽  
JOHN REGAN
Keyword(s):  
Large Data ◽  
Semantic Networks ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Large Data Sets ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Occurrence Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Concepts ◽  
Over Time

This article proposes a novel computational method for discerning the structure and history of concepts. Based on the analysis of co-occurrence data in large data sets, the method creates a measure of “binding” that enables the construction of verbal constellations that comprise the larger units, “concepts,” that change over time. In contrast to investigation into semantic networks, our method seeks to uncover structures of conceptual operation that are not simply semantic. These larger units of lexical operation that are visualized as interconnected networks may have underlying rules of formation and operation that have as yet unexamined—perhaps tangential—connection to meaning as such. The article is thus exploratory and intended to open the history of concepts to some new avenues of investigation.

scholarly journals Patterns of change over time and history of the inflammatory potential of diet and risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women

2016 ◽  
Vol 159 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred K. Tabung ◽  
Susan E. Steck ◽  
Angela D. Liese ◽  
Jiajia Zhang ◽  
Yunsheng Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Split-ventilation for more than one patient, can it be done? Yes

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ehab Daoud ◽  
◽  
Jewelyn Cabigan ◽  
Gary Kaneshiro ◽  
Kimiyo Yamasaki
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Positive End Expiratory Pressure ◽  
Careful Monitoring ◽  
Mechanical Ventilators ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
History Of

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic crisis has led to an international shortage of mechanical ventilation. Due to this shortfall, the surge of increasing number of patients to limited resources of mechanical ventilators has reinvigorated the interest in the concept of split ventilation or co-ventilation (ventilating more than one patient with the same ventilator). However, major medical societies have condemned the concept in a joint statement for multiple reasons. Materials and Methods: In this paper, we will describe the history of the concept, what is trending in the literature about it and along our modification to ventilate two patients with one ventilator. We will describe how to overcome such concerns regarding cross contamination, re-breathing, safely adjusting the settings for tidal volume and positive end expiratory pressure to each patient and how to safely monitor each patient. Main results: Our experimental setup shows that we can safely ventilate two patients using one ventilator. Conclusion: The concept of ventilating more than one patient with a single ventilator is feasible especially in crisis situations. However, we caution that it has to be done under careful monitoring with expertise in mechanical ventilation. More research and investment are crucially needed in this current pandemic crisis.

scholarly journals Tetela amulets: Re-interpreting a medical anthropology collection as a fashion benchmark

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-180
Author(s):  
Heather Marie Akou
Keyword(s):  
Medical Anthropology ◽  
The Body ◽  
Symbolic Meaning ◽  
Fashion Industry ◽  
Indiana University ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Equatorial Africa ◽  
Minority Cultures ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time

In the 1920s and 1930s, missionaries and colonial officials in equatorial Africa collected thousands of amulets – devices worn on the body that were made locally for protection and healing (spiritual and/or physical). One of these collections – assembled in the 1920s by an American pseudo-missionary, Major John White – is now held at the Mathers Museum of World Cultures at Indiana University, which accepted the amulets and other artefacts used by the Tetela people as an example of ‘medical anthropology’. Although they were not made as ‘fashion’ (or even as art), I argue that they can be viewed as a style of dress specific to a time and place and thus as fashion. Like fashions in clothing, individual amulets can be shown to have similarities in their form and symbolic meaning, which can be expected to change over time. I propose looking at this collection of amulets as a ‘fashion benchmark’ in the history of Tetela dress, calling for further research and seeking to push the boundaries on our conception of fashion, making it less focused on the ‘fashion industry’ and more inclusive of slower-changing styles of dress, minority cultures, and non-western cultures.

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