2021 AAHA Working, Assistance, and Therapy Dog Guidelines

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 253-277
Author(s):  
Cynthia M. Otto ◽  
Tracy Darling ◽  
Lisa Murphy ◽  
Zenithson Ng ◽  
Bess Pierce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapy Dogs ◽  
Goal Directed Therapy ◽  
Therapy Dog ◽  
Extensive Training ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Working Dogs ◽  
Scent Detection ◽  
Physical Limitations ◽  
High Level ◽  
Consensus Report

ABSTRACT The guidelines are the first comprehensive consensus report on veterinary healthcare recommendations for working, assistance, and therapy dogs. This category of canine patients includes a broad assortment of animals, some with well-defined functions and others that provide a more generalized support role. The guidelines discuss recommendations for dogs trained for protection, odor/scent detection, service functions for people with diagnosed disabilities or physical limitations, emotional support, and therapeutic intervention. Although the term is often used to describe dogs providing animal-assisted activities, true therapy dogs provide goal-directed therapy, often under the supervision of a healthcare professional such as an occupational therapist or psychologist. Many working dogs undergo extensive training and have rigorous physical demands placed upon them. These factors make working, assistance, and therapy dogs inherently valuable and impose a need for a high level of primary veterinary care as described in the guidelines. Because working dogs have a particularly close relationship with their handlers, a trust relationship between the practice team and the working-dog client is imperative.

scholarly journals Bioindication of soil of unauthorized landfills in the Carpathian region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Symochko ◽  
О. Hafiiyak ◽  
O. Demyanyuk
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Microbiological Processes ◽  
Waste Storage ◽  
Carpathian Region ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Organotrophic Bacteria ◽  
High Level

The article presents the results of monitoring the area adjacent to the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve for the detection of unauthorized landfills and examines the ecological status of these soils. Four unauthorized landfills of solid waste in Pidhirna, Stanislav, Steryshora, and Feresok tracts with an area of 0.15 to 1.5 ha with a waste accumulation period of 12–22 years and different morphological composition which had a significant impact on the ecological status of the soil have been identified. Bioindication methods have shown changes in the soil microbial cenoses under the direct influence of unauthorized landfills of solid waste, namely increased the number of organotrophic bacteria and micromycetes and decreased number of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms. The highest number of bacteria using nitrogen of organic compounds (25.36–28.61 million CFU/g soil) and micromycetes (51.8–76.8 thousand CFU/g soil) was fixed in the soils in the tract PidhirnaandFeresok with advantage of 1.5–1.7 times and 2.5–3.8 times compared to the soil of the protected area. Increasing the number of pedotrophic and oligotrophic microorganisms and microorganisms that assimilate organic forms of nitrogen, on average, 2.70, 2.84 and 1.48 times has been affected the direction of the main soil-microbiological processes. The coefficient of oligotrophicity varied in the range of 0.21–0.30, mineralization-immobilization one — 1.22–1.38, pedotrophic one — 0.55–0.96 with a maximum in the soil of the landfill in the tracts of Feresok and Pidhirna, which indicates the strengthening of microbiological processes of mineralization and decomposition of soil organic matter, including humus compounds. A close relationship was established between the duration of solid waste storage in a certain area and the level of soil phytotoxicity (r = 0.92). In the soil of landfills in Pidhirna, Steryshora and Feresok tracts, the phytotoxicity index is significant (over 50%), which indicates a high level of soil ecosystem pollution and increased environmental risks in the area of unauthorized accumulation of solid waste.

scholarly journals Musical expertise generalizes to superior temporal scaling in a Morse code tapping task

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Slayton ◽  
Juan L. Romero-Sosa ◽  
Katrina Shore ◽  
Dean V. Buonomano ◽  
Indre V. Viskontas
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Temporal Scaling ◽  
Temporal Precision ◽  
Morse Code ◽  
Extensive Training ◽  
Timing Precision ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Speed Effect ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACTA key feature of the brain’s ability to tell time and generate complex temporal patterns is its capacity to produce similar temporal patterns at different speeds. For example, humans can tie a shoe, type, or play an instrument at different speeds or tempi—a phenomenon referred to as temporal scaling. While it is well established that training improves timing precision and accuracy, it is not known whether expertise improves temporal scaling. We quantified temporal scaling and timing precision in musicians and non-musicians as they learned to tap a Morse code sequence. We found that controls improved significantly over the course of days of training at the standard speed. In contrast, musicians exhibited a high level of temporal precision on the first day, which did not improve significantly with training. Although there was no significant difference in performance at the end of training at the standard speed, musicians were significantly better at temporal scaling—i.e., at reproducing the learned Morse code pattern at faster and slower speeds. Interestingly, both musicians and non-musicians exhibited a Weber-speed effect, where absolute temporal precision sharpened when producing patterns at the faster speed. These results are the first to establish that the ability to generate the same motor patterns at different speeds improves with extensive training and generalizes to non-musical domains.

scholarly journals Microtomographic Analysis of Impact Damage in FRP Composite Laminates: A Comparative Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Alemi-Ardakani ◽  
A. S. Milani ◽  
S. Yannacopoulos ◽  
L. Bichler ◽  
D. Trudel-Boucher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Frp Composites ◽  
Frp Composite ◽  
Flexural Testing ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
High Level ◽  
Tomographic Analysis

With the advancement of testing tools, the ability to characterize mechanical properties of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites under extreme loading scenarios has allowed designers to use these materials in high-level applications more confidently. Conventionally, impact characterization of composite materials is studied via nondestructive techniques such as ultrasonic C-scanning, infrared thermography, X-ray, and acoustography. None of these techniques, however, enable 3D microscale visualization of the damage at different layers of composite laminates. In this paper, a 3D microtomographic technique has been employed to visualize and compare impact damage modes in a set of thermoplastic laminates. The test samples were made of commingled polypropylene (PP) and glass fibers with two different architectures, including the plain woven and unidirectional. Impact testing using a drop-weight tower, followed by postimpact four-point flexural testing and nondestructive tomographic analysis demonstrated a close relationship between the type of fibre architecture and the induced impact damage mechanisms and their extensions.

Therapy Dog Intervention Decreases Stress and Increases Arousal in College Students

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Cacolice ◽  
Corinne M. Ebbs
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Clinical Question ◽  
Therapy Dogs ◽  
Female Undergraduate ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Therapy Dog

Clinical Question: What is the effect of CT intervention on the stress and arousal levels of undergraduate students? Clinical Bottom Line: There is Level A–B evidence showing that the use of therapy dogs decreases stress and elevates arousal in female undergraduate students, with little evidence available for other populations.

Online Community Bonds as a Method of Mitigating Toxicity in an Interactive Livestream

2020 ◽  
pp. 303-322
Author(s):  
Olivia Rines
Keyword(s):  
Online Community ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Significant Issue ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
High Level

Toxicity—aggressive, discriminatory, or hostile behavior that impacts a group or community—is a significant issue on the livestreaming platform Twitch, where a single toxic utterance can disrupt the dynamic between a streamer and their fans. This chapter examines the ways in which a female Twitch streamer combats issues of toxicity by creating and supporting a fan community that is heavily invested in her and therefore endeavors to conform to the norms and regulations of her community. Through the analysis of a single two-hour stream, this chapter considers the ways in which a streamer can balance the appearance of a close relationship with her community with a high level of moderation and regulation to resist toxic behavior and thus ensure her and her fan community's well-being and happiness.

scholarly journals Geometric algorithms for sensor networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 370 (1958) ◽  
pp. 27-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Gao ◽  
Leonidas Guibas
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Information Discovery ◽  
Network Localization ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Geometric Character ◽  
High Level ◽  
Relationship Of

This paper surveys the use of geometric methods for wireless sensor networks. The close relationship of sensor nodes with their embedded physical space imposes a unique geometric character on such systems. The physical locations of the sensor nodes greatly impact on system design in all aspects, from low-level networking and organization to high-level information processing and applications. This paper reviews work in the past 10 years on topics such as network localization, geometric routing, information discovery, data-centric routing and topology discovery.

Molecular systematics and phylogeography of the genus Echinops (Compositae, Cardueae–Echinopsinae): focus on the Iranian centre of diversification

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 297 (2) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
SOMAYEH MONTAZEROLGHAEM ◽  
ALFONSO SUSANNA ◽  
JUAN ANTONIO CALLEJA ◽  
VALIOLLAH MOZAFFARIAN ◽  
MOHAMMAD REZA RAHIMINEJAD
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Dating ◽  
Ancestral Area ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Taxonomic Changes ◽  
High Level ◽  
Relationship Of

A molecular phylogeny of the genus Echinops (Asteraceae, Cardueae) based on plastid and nuclear markers is presented. The study focuses on the Iranian representatives of the genus, which constitute a larger part of Echinops. The Bayesian cpDNA tree resulted in a large polytomy. However, the Bayesian ITS tree displayed a well-resolved topology more compatible with the taxonomic treatment generally accepted in Echinops. An ITS network illustrates a close relationship of haplotypes. Mapping diagnostic morphological characters onto the ITS tree revealed a high level of homoplasy among the studied taxa. Except for the life cycle, all other morphological characters evolved many times among the clades and most of them appeared to be of low taxonomical value. Based on the nucleotide polymorphism and haplotypes, the taxonomic status of some taxa was evaluated. The independent status of E. sect. Phaeochaete was confirmed by molecular analyses and morphological characters. The paraphyletic nature of E. sect. Echinops was confirmed. As for the molecular dating, our results suggest that the genus evolved in the early Miocene but the main speciation events took place in the Pliocene-Pleistocene. The biogeographic results do not support any specific ancestral area for Echinops, yet the model states that its current diversity originated in the Irano-Turanian Region and the Eastern Mediterranean region. Some taxonomic changes are suggested, in the synonymy and placement of some taxa. 

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of West Nile and Usutu viruses in military working horses and dogs, Morocco, 2012: dog as an alternative WNV sentinel species?

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (9) ◽  
pp. 1857-1864 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. DURAND ◽  
H. HASKOURI ◽  
S. LOWENSKI ◽  
N. VACHIERY ◽  
C. BECK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Infection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Test Results ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Working Dogs ◽  
Serological Surveillance ◽  
High Level ◽  
Military Working Dogs

SUMMARYA serosurvey of 349 military working horses and 231 military working dogs was conducted in ten sites in Morocco in 2012. This survey revealed a high level of exposure of these animals to flaviviruses: seroprevalence rates of 60% in horses and of 62% in dogs were observed using a competitive West Nile virus (WNV) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). Seroneutralization test results showed that the majority of cELISA-positive results were due to exposure to WNV. Further assays conducted in vaccinated horses with a DIVA (Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals) test indicated that anti-WNV antibodies had been stimulated through WNV natural infection. Moreover, in both species, seroneutralization tests suggested an exposure to Usutu virus (USUV). Data analysis did not show any significant difference of cELISA seropositivity risk between horses and dogs. Dogs may thus represent an interesting alternative to equines for the serological surveillance of WNV or USUV circulation, especially in areas where equine vaccination precludes passive surveillance (based on the detection of West Nile fever cases) in horses.

scholarly journals Librarians and scientists partner to address data management

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Medina-Smith ◽  
Kimberly A. Tryka ◽  
Barbara Silcox ◽  
Robert J. Hanisch
Keyword(s):  
Data Management ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Service Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Address Data ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Management Issues

Purpose This study aims to look at the changing way in which the Information Services Office (ISO) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) provides services to NIST scientific and technical staff throughout their research and publishing cycles. These services include the more traditional services of a research library and publishing NIST technical reports and The Journal of Research of NIST and preserving and exhibiting scientific instruments and other artifacts. ISO has always prided itself on having a close relationship with its customers, providing a high level of service and developing new services to stay in front of NIST researcher needs. Through a concerted, strategic effort since the late 1990s, ISO has developed and promoted relationships with its key customers through its Lab Liaison Program. Design/methodology/approach This paper discusses the relationship ISO has developed with the Office of Data and Informatics (ODI), how this relationship was forged and how this collaboration will serve as a model for working with the other labs and programs at NIST. It will also discuss the risks and opportunities of this new collaborative service model, how ISO positioned itself to become an equal partner with ODI in the exploration of solutions to data management issues and the benefits of the relationship from ODI’s perspective. Findings A pattern of strategic changes to the services and activities offered by the Lab Liaison program has put ISO in the position to collaborate as peers with researchers at NIST. Originality/value This study provides an overview of how ISO made strategic decisions to incorporate non-traditional services to support data management at NIST.

scholarly journals The influence of volleyball classes on general and special physical preparedness of non- profile students

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
I. Rohal ◽  
O. Yushyna
Keyword(s):  
Institutions Of Higher Education ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Strength Exercises ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Game Activity ◽  
Tactical Training ◽  
High Level ◽  
Competitive Activities

The title of the article. Management of the training process includes a set of measures that allows the coach to purposefully translate the state of the athlete's body from the original to the planned. As a criterion for the effectiveness of the volleyball player's game activity, the accuracy of spatial, temporal and force parameters is considered, the appropriate combination of which is a source of increasing the result. Achieving high sports results by volleyball players is possible provided that a single system is used in training, aimed at the integrity of the development of all the qualities necessary for competitive activities. The effectiveness of the main game actions is based on the close relationship between the level of development of speed and power qualities, technical and tactical equipment and is the basis of high motor activity of volleyball players. Realization of tactical potential is based on speed of reaction and speed of actions and movements. In order to study the general and special physical fitness of students of non-core institutions of higher education, an analysis of the results of the annual assessment of physical youth aged 17-18 after the first and second years of study. Training in volleyball according to the developed program contributed to a high level of development of speed and strength qualities. The use of speed-strength exercises as the main means of technical and tactical training of students - volleyball players, allows to increase the level of their speed and strength qualities, technical and tactical potential and efficiency of the whole training process and as a result - the quality of competitive activities.

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