Familial ALS Type 25 – A Brazillian Case Serie
Introduction: Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (fALS) represent 5-10% of ALS patients. Different mutations in the N-terminal motor or coiled-coil domains of the kinesin family member 5A (KIF5A) cause Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia Type 10 (HSP10), Charcot-Marie-Tooth 2 (CMT2), Neonatal Intractable Myoclonus and more recently described fALS Type 25. Previous described phenotypes are very similar to the sporadic type, except from the long course of disease. Methods: We describe four Brazillian patients, under clinical follow-up on two Neuromuscular services with genetic diagnosis of fALS25. Results: Four diferent fALS25 are described. Two brothers and two unrelated patients, with distinct features, three males and one female, age range from 72 to 24; age of onset ranged from 62 to 22. The genetic mutations were the following: simple heterozygous pathogenic variant c.1651C>G (p. Leu551Val), simple heterozygous pathogenic variant c.2953G>A (p. Gly985Ser) and pathogenic variant c.484C>T (p.Arg162Trp); all of KIF5A gene (fALS25). Only one patient presented with similar phenoptype and age of onset as sporadic ALS (sALS), the two brothers presented the symptoms at the ages of 28 and 30, the female patient at 22. All patients still walk without assistence after the diagnosis. All patients showed classic superior and inferior motor neuron involvement signs, but one brother had a mild limb ataxia. The three younger patients had MRI with no specific findings, except from subtle cortical atrophy in one brother, and mild vermis and corpus callosum atrophy on the other brother. Only the female patient had negative familiar history. Conclusions: fALS25 should be suspected in patient with fALS and longer course disease. Mutations KIF5A gene must be remembered either in juvenile form of ALS.