scholarly journals Places of Memory for the victims of the Holocaust in Ukraine: the totalitarian legacy and historical and political challenges of today

2021 ◽  
pp. 106-122
Author(s):  
Anatolii Podolskyi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
National Socialism ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
World War ◽  
Nazi Occupation ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Places Of Memory

The article is devoted to the study of the formation of culture and policy Memory of the Holocaust victims in modern Ukraine. On the example of the international scholar and educational project „Protecting Memory”, which has been going on in Ukraine for more than ten years, the author analyzes the current state, trends, challenges and prospects of creating places of Memory and culture honoring the memory of World War II victims. war, including Ukrainian Jews and Ukrainian Roma. The article also provides a thorough analysis of the fundamental differences in the policy of remembrance for the victims of the Holocaust during the communist regime in Ukrainian lands and in modern democratic Ukraine. In the period from 1945 to 1991, the Communist authorities of the Ukraine banned a special memory of Jewish people, which were the victims of the Holocaust, all victims of National Socialism (official title of the Nazi part − NSDAP in German) during World War II were marked by the euphemism of the Soviet regime as „peaceful Soviet citizens”. The anti-Semitic policy was particularly harsh between 1948 and 1953, when Ukrainian Jews affected by the Nazi occupation came under the brunt of Soviet postwar repression. Thus, the feature of the tragic fate of Jewish communities during the domination of the Nazi anti-Semitic ideology and practice was completely leveled. The USSR denied the identities of civilian victims of the Nazi occupation, especially Jewish people and Roma. Only in the days of sovereign and independent Ukraine, the identity and memory of the victims of the Holocaust and the Roma Genocide in Ukraine were revived. One of the most powerful examples of restoring the historical memory of these civilian victims of the Nazi regime in Ukraine was the „Protecting Memory” project. Thanks to this project, during 2010−2020 in five regions of Ukraine − Lviv, Rivne, Volyn, Vinnytsia, Zhytomyr regions, 20 Memorials to Ukrainian Jewish people and Roma who were killed by Nazi punitive forces and their helpers during the German occupation of Ukraine in 1941−1944 were established. Key words: Holocaust, Antisemitism, Nazism, Stalin repressions Memory politics, World War II, Ukrainian Jews, Ukrainian Roma.

scholarly journals The Legal Status of Jewish Properties after the Second World War

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-150
Author(s):  
Camelia Moldoveanu
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
World War ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Fascist Regime ◽  
Second World

The author examines the legislative means by which the Jewish minority in Romania was dispossesd of its assets prior to World War II by the Fascist regime, and in the wake if this war, by the Communist regime. The study examines how, the post World War II govermennt willfully hindered the restitution of unlawfully taken Jewish assets, and how it has allowed not only the perpetuation of the dispossession which took place during the Holocaust, but has also added measures for the nationalization of Jewish assets. The post 1989 restitution process is also examined briefly, to outline the successive failures of the Romanian Government to enact proper restitution.

The Price of Heroism: Veterans of the Dutch Resistance to the Nazi Occupation and the Holocaust in World War II

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wybrand Op den Velde ◽  
Ellen Frey-wouters ◽  
Henk E. Pelser
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War ◽  
Nazi Occupation ◽  
The Holocaust

Ecologies of Witnessing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Pollin-Galay
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
North America ◽  
Personal Narrative ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
The Self ◽  
Oral Histories ◽  
World War ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Power Of Language

This book reassesses contemporary Holocaust testimony, focusing on the power of language and place to shape personal narrative. Oral histories of Lithuanian Jews serve as the textual base for this exploration. Comparing the remembrances of Holocaust victims who remained in Lithuania with those who resettled in Israel and North America after World War II, the analysis reveals meaningful differences based on where they chose to live out their postwar lives and whether their language of testimony was Yiddish, English, or Hebrew. The differences between their testimonies relate to notions of love, justice, community—and how the Holocaust did violence to these aspects of the self. The argument illuminates the multiple places that the Holocaust can fill in Jewish historical memory. Beyond the particular Jewish case, the book raises fundamental questions about how people draw from their linguistic and physical environments in order to understand their own suffering. The analysis challenges the assumption of a universal vocabulary for describing and healing human pain.

Romania

2019 ◽  
pp. 359-378
Author(s):  
Michael J. Bazyler ◽  
Kathryn Lee Boyd ◽  
Kristen L. Nelson ◽  
Rajika L. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
World War ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
European Court ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Communal Property ◽  
Second Wave

Romania was allied with Germany for most of World War II. Extensive “Romanianization” (akin to Germany’s Aryanization) of Jewish property took place. More than 400,000 Romanian Jews died during the Holocaust. After switching sides in the war, Romania promptly enacted legislation to reverse the theft of property. Little was done, however, to act on these commitments during the Communist regime (1945–1989). Instead, widespread nationalization resulted in a second wave of confiscation. Restitution only began to take place after 1989. However, restitution laws have not been effectively applied, and to date only limited restitution has taken place in Romania. A 2013 restitution law was recognized by the European Court of Human Rights as providing, in theory, an accessible and effective framework for the restitution of nationalized or confiscated property. In the post-Communist period, Romania has enacted a number of laws relating to the restitution of communal property belonging to religious organizations and national minorities. These laws chiefly cover communal property taken during the Communist era. Romania endorsed the Terezin Declaration in 2009 and the Guidelines and Best Practices in 2010.

scholarly journals The Choice Without Real Chance to Choice: Hatches to the Portrait of professor D. Frank

2018 ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
A. G. Venger
Keyword(s):  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Psychiatric Clinic ◽  
World War ◽  
Nazi Occupation ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Seriously Ill Patients ◽  
Real Chance

 The article is devoted to the biography of professor D. B. Frank who was a well-known scholar and psychiatrist. Frank graduated from medical faculty of Yurivski university. Later he worked in the leading clinics of the Russian empire. At the beginning of XX century he went abroad to take over the experience of theprominent European specialists. His aim was to enhance his professional level. As a doctor he participated in Russian-Japanese War and World War First. After the Soviet rule had been established, Frank worked in Kharkiv. In 1921 he got professor position in Katerynoslav Medical Institute. There he headed the Department of Psychology and later the Department of Psychiatry. During his Katerynoslav period he researched the phenomenon of cannibalism and then he published a monograph on this topic. He also worked in Igren psychiatric clinic that was in Dniproprtrovsk. During the Nazi occupation the physicians of that hospital had to kill mentally ill patients according to the order of the Nazis. Patients were given morphine, ammonia and other medical preparations. During the years of occupation, 1,200 patients were killed in this way. At the first stages of euthanasia program Franck's task was to select candidates for it – Jewish people, seriously ill patients and the communists. Nevertheless the cooperation with the Germans did not save his life. D. Frank was executed by shooting during the Holocaust as he was a Jew.

scholarly journals Holocaust Representation and Graphical Strangeness in Art Spiegelman’s Maus: A Survivor’s Tale: “Funny Animals,” Constellations, and Traumatic Memory

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-75
Author(s):  
Ana-Maria Gavrilă
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
Narrative Structure ◽  
Narrative Form ◽  
Pulitzer Prize ◽  
Traumatic Memory ◽  
Holocaust Literature ◽  
World War ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Cultural Connotations

Abstract Art Spiegelman’s MAUS, a Pulitzer-prize-winning two-volume graphic novel, zooms into wartime Poland, interweaving young Vladek’s – the author’s father – experiences of World War II and the present day through uncanny visual and verbal representational strategies characteristic of the comics medium. “I’m literally giving a form to my father’s words and narrative”, Spiegelman remarks on MAUS, “and that form for me has to do with panel size, panel rhythms, and visual structures of the page”. The risky artistic strategies and the “strangeness” of its form, to use Harold Bloom’s term, are essential to how the author represents the horrors of the Holocaust: by means of anthropomorphic caricatures and stereotypes depicting Germans as cats, Jewish people as mice, Poles as pigs, and so on. Readings of MAUS often focus on the cultural connotations in the context of postmodernism and in the Holocaust literature tradition, diminishing the importance of its hybrid narrative form in portraying honest, even devastating events. Using this idea as a point of departure, along with a theoretical approach to traumatic memory and the oppressed survivor’s story, I will cover three main topics: the “bleeding” and re-building of history, in an excruciating obsession to save his father’s – a survivor of Auschwitz – story for posterity and to mend their alienating relationship and inability to relate; the connection between past and present, the traumatic subject, and the vulnerability it assumes in drawing and writing about life during the Holocaust as well as the unusual visual and narrative structure of the text. The key element of my study, as I analyse a range of sections of the book, focuses on the profound and astonishing strangeness of the work itself, which consequently assured MAUS a canonical status in the comics’ tradition.

scholarly journals PANTERA NO PORÃO: TOTALITARISMO, PERSEGUIÇÃO, MAL-ESTAR E EXPERIÊNCIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
GISÉLLE RAZERA
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Of Israel ◽  
The Way

Resumo: Este trabalho deriva da análise do livro Pantera no Porão, de Amós Oz, sob o prisma do ensaio “Mal-estar na Civilização”, de Sigmund Freud, e do livro As origens do to-talitarismo, de Hanna Arendt. Além disso, tem na obra Holocausto, história dos judeus na Europa na Segunda Guerra Mundial, de Martin Gilbert, o texto que embasa a contextuali-zação do chão histórico sobre as condições de vida do povo judeu no Velho Continente e no artigo “O Estado de Israel: fundamentos históricos” a fundamentação que visa descrever o processo de formação do Estado de Israel. A abordagem apresentada neste artigo busca dar evidência ao modo como a perseguição aos judeus – descrita por Arendt e Gilbert, além dos pressupostos de Freud – está representada nas páginas de Pantera no porão, narrativa que tem como pano de fundo a fixação da comunidade judaica em terras árabes. Palavras-chave: Amós Oz – Pantera no Porão – Holocausto – Totalitarismo – Israel. Abstract: Panther in the Basement: totalitarianism, persecution, malaise and experience This work is derived from the analysis of Amos Oz's Panther in the Basement, under the prism of Sigmund Freud's essay "Malaise in Civilization" and Hanna Arendt's The Origins of Totalitarianism. In addition to the history of the Jews in Europe in World War II, by Martin Gilbert, the text of the Holocaust, the history of the Jewish people in the Old Conti-nent and the article "The State of Israel: Historical grounds" the grounds for describing the process of formation of the State of Israel. The approach presented in this ar-ticle seeks to give evidence to the way in which the persecution of the Jews – described by Arendt and Gilbert, in addition to the assumptions of Freud – is represented in the pages of Pantera in the basement, narrative that has as background the fixation of the Jewish com-munity in Arab lands. Keywords: Amos Oz - Panther in the Basement - Holocaust - Totalitarianism – Israel.

scholarly journals House of Memories and Oblivion by Filip David: Literature, Memory and Death

2017 ◽  
pp. 241-258
Author(s):  
Časlav V. Nikolić
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Symbolic Order ◽  
Western Civilization ◽  
Literary Discourse ◽  
World War ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Way

The aim of this paper, is to determine the status of the Holocaust themes in contemporary Serbian literature. Philip David’s novel House of memories and oblivion contains resonances of the civilization after World War II considering the fate of Jewish people in this war. The attempt to highlight the work and the way of Western civilization to define itself in respect of the Holocaust was made. David’s novel is an example of a literary text which tests the boundaries of narrative regarding life of those who survived the Holocaust and tryed to find their identity. Literary discourse also allows to search for the truth about the crime in the gaps of the symbolic order of our world.

scholarly journals ГУМАНІСТИЧНІ ПІДХОДИ ТА ЕКОЛОГІЗАЦІЯ КУЛЬТУРНО-ІСТОРИЧНОЇ ПАМ'ЯТІ В ПРОЦЕСІ ПІДГОТОВКИ МАЙБУТНІХ ІНЖЕНЕРІВ-ПЕДАГОГІВ НА ПРИКЛАДІ ВИВЧЕННЯ КОНКРЕТНИХ ІСТОРИЧНИХ ФАКТІВ

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н. О. Аксакова ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Legacy ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Humanistic Approach ◽  
The Future

The article considers the introduction of a humanistic approach and restoration of cultural and historical memory in the process of training future engineers-teachers to study specific historical examples, namely the Holocaust, which is the cornerstone of the memory of World War II. Awareness of the tragedy of the nation that suffered genocide during World War II is a need to avoid future violations of human rights on racial, religious, ethnic grounds - one of the main tasks of training a specialist of the future. Holocaust remembrance is essential so that our children are never victims, executioners or indifferent observers. The author cites a specific example of a tragic historical legacy, the Holocaust in Bakhmut, when 3,000 Jews were buried alive in cell alabaster at the champagne factory, as an example of the inhuman policies of the Nazis.

Nazi Germany's Propaganda Aimed at Arabs and Muslims During World War II and the Holocaust: Old Themes, New Archival Findings

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Herf
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
National Socialism ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
World War ◽  
Nazi Regime ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
History Of

During World War II and the Holocaust, the Nazi regime engaged in an intensive effort to appeal to Arabs and Muslims in the Middle East and North Africa. It did so by presenting the Nazi regime as a champion of secular anti-imperialism, especially against Britain, as well as by a selective appropriation and reception of the traditions of Islam in ways that suggested their compatibility with the ideology of National Socialism. This article and the larger project from which it comes draw on recent archival findings that make it possible to expand on the knowledge of Nazi Germany's efforts in this region that has already been presented in a substantial scholarship. This essay pushes the history of Nazism beyond its Eurocentric limits while pointing to the European dimensions of Arabic and Islamic radicalism of the mid-twentieth century. On shortwave radio and in printed items distributed in the millions, Nazi Germany's Arabic language propaganda leapt across the seemingly insurmountable barriers created by its own ideology of Aryan racial superiority. From fall 1939 to March 1945, the Nazi regime broadcast shortwave Arabic programs to the Middle East and North Africa seven days and nights a week. Though the broadcasts were well known at the time, the preponderance of its print and radio propaganda has not previously been documented and examined nor has it entered into the intellectual, cultural, and political history of the Nazi regime during World War II and the Holocaust. In light of new archival findings, we are now able to present a full picture of the wartime propaganda barrage in the course of which officials of the Nazi regime worked with pro-Nazi Arab exiles in Berlin to adapt general propaganda themes aimed at its German and European audiences to the religious traditions of Islam and the regional and local political realities of the Middle East and North Africa. This adaptation was the product of a political and ideological collaboration between officials of the Nazi regime, especially in its Foreign Ministry but also of its intelligence services, the Propaganda Ministry, and the SS on the one hand, and pro-Nazi Arab exiles in wartime Berlin on the other. It drew on a confluence of perceived shared political interests and ideological passions, as well as on a cultural fusion, borrowing and interacting between Nazi ideology and certain strains of Arab nationalism and Islamic religious traditions. It was an important chapter in the political, intellectual, and cultural history of Nazism during World War II and comprises a chapter in the history of radical Islamist ideology and politics.

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