scholarly journals The Choice Without Real Chance to Choice: Hatches to the Portrait of professor D. Frank

2018 ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
A. G. Venger
Keyword(s):  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Psychiatric Clinic ◽  
World War ◽  
Nazi Occupation ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Seriously Ill Patients ◽  
Real Chance

 The article is devoted to the biography of professor D. B. Frank who was a well-known scholar and psychiatrist. Frank graduated from medical faculty of Yurivski university. Later he worked in the leading clinics of the Russian empire. At the beginning of XX century he went abroad to take over the experience of theprominent European specialists. His aim was to enhance his professional level. As a doctor he participated in Russian-Japanese War and World War First. After the Soviet rule had been established, Frank worked in Kharkiv. In 1921 he got professor position in Katerynoslav Medical Institute. There he headed the Department of Psychology and later the Department of Psychiatry. During his Katerynoslav period he researched the phenomenon of cannibalism and then he published a monograph on this topic. He also worked in Igren psychiatric clinic that was in Dniproprtrovsk. During the Nazi occupation the physicians of that hospital had to kill mentally ill patients according to the order of the Nazis. Patients were given morphine, ammonia and other medical preparations. During the years of occupation, 1,200 patients were killed in this way. At the first stages of euthanasia program Franck's task was to select candidates for it – Jewish people, seriously ill patients and the communists. Nevertheless the cooperation with the Germans did not save his life. D. Frank was executed by shooting during the Holocaust as he was a Jew.

scholarly journals Places of Memory for the victims of the Holocaust in Ukraine: the totalitarian legacy and historical and political challenges of today

2021 ◽  
pp. 106-122
Author(s):  
Anatolii Podolskyi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
National Socialism ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
World War ◽  
Nazi Occupation ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Places Of Memory

The article is devoted to the study of the formation of culture and policy Memory of the Holocaust victims in modern Ukraine. On the example of the international scholar and educational project „Protecting Memory”, which has been going on in Ukraine for more than ten years, the author analyzes the current state, trends, challenges and prospects of creating places of Memory and culture honoring the memory of World War II victims. war, including Ukrainian Jews and Ukrainian Roma. The article also provides a thorough analysis of the fundamental differences in the policy of remembrance for the victims of the Holocaust during the communist regime in Ukrainian lands and in modern democratic Ukraine. In the period from 1945 to 1991, the Communist authorities of the Ukraine banned a special memory of Jewish people, which were the victims of the Holocaust, all victims of National Socialism (official title of the Nazi part − NSDAP in German) during World War II were marked by the euphemism of the Soviet regime as „peaceful Soviet citizens”. The anti-Semitic policy was particularly harsh between 1948 and 1953, when Ukrainian Jews affected by the Nazi occupation came under the brunt of Soviet postwar repression. Thus, the feature of the tragic fate of Jewish communities during the domination of the Nazi anti-Semitic ideology and practice was completely leveled. The USSR denied the identities of civilian victims of the Nazi occupation, especially Jewish people and Roma. Only in the days of sovereign and independent Ukraine, the identity and memory of the victims of the Holocaust and the Roma Genocide in Ukraine were revived. One of the most powerful examples of restoring the historical memory of these civilian victims of the Nazi regime in Ukraine was the „Protecting Memory” project. Thanks to this project, during 2010−2020 in five regions of Ukraine − Lviv, Rivne, Volyn, Vinnytsia, Zhytomyr regions, 20 Memorials to Ukrainian Jewish people and Roma who were killed by Nazi punitive forces and their helpers during the German occupation of Ukraine in 1941−1944 were established. Key words: Holocaust, Antisemitism, Nazism, Stalin repressions Memory politics, World War II, Ukrainian Jews, Ukrainian Roma.

scholarly journals To the question of the relationship between the brothers of Sheptytskyi and the Jews

2020 ◽  
pp. 159-178
Author(s):  
Ivan Matkovskyy
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Deep Relationship ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Second World

The history of relations of the Sheptytskyj family and the Jewish people reaches back to those remote times when the representatives of the Sheptytskyi lineage held high and honorable secular and clerical posts, and the Jews, either upon invitation of King Danylo of Halych or King Casimir the Great, began to build up their own world in Halychyna. Throughout the whole life of Metropolitan Sheptytskyi and Blessed Martyr Klymentii, a thread of cooperation with the Jews is traceable. It should be noted that heroic deeds of the Sheptytskyi Brothers to save Jews during the Second World War were not purely circumstantial: they were preceded by a long-standing deep relationship with representatives of Jewish culture. In addition, the sense of responsibility of the Spiritual Pastor, as advocated by the Brothers, extended to all people of different religions and genesis with no exception. The world-view principles of Metropolitan Sheptytskyi are important for us in order to understand what was going on in the then society in attitude to the Jews. Also, of importance is the influence of the Metropolitan on Kasymyr Sheptytskyi, later Fr. Klymentii, because the Archbishop was not only his Brother, but also a church authority and the leader. And if from under the Metropolitan Sheptytskyi’s pen letters and pastorals were published, they were directives, instructions, edifications and explanations for the faithful and the clergy, and not at all, the products of His own reflections or personal experiences, which Archbishop Andrey wanted to share with the faithful. On the grounds of the available archive materials, an effort to reconstruct the chief moments of those relations was undertaken, aiming among others, to illustrate the fact that the saving of Jews during the Holocaust was not incidental, nor with any underlying reasons behind, but a natural manifestation of a good Christian tradition of «Love thy Neighbor», to which the Sheptytskyj were faithful. Keywords: Andrey Sheptytskyi, the Blessed Hieromartyr Klymentii Sheptytskyi, Jews, the Holocaust, Galicia, Righteous Among the Nations.

scholarly journals Polska literatura najnowsza i Holokaust – edukacyjny potencjał fikcji?

2020 ◽  
pp. 372-388
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Czyżak
Keyword(s):  
Mental Hospital ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Novel ◽  
World War ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

The article contains considerations regarding memory of the Holocaust in Polish contemporary prose and analyses the arguments for and against fictitious representations of theShoah. The author discusses the changes in treating fiction which narrates the history of Jewish people during the Second World War – from works of fiction published after the war (e.g. Wielki Tydzień by Jerzy Andrzejewski) to popular thrillers written in the 21st century. The main part of this article is devoted to a novel Tworki written by Marek Bieńczyk in 1999, telling a story of young people – Poles and Jews – employed in a mental hospital during German occupation. The novel was at the centre stage of discussion about relationship between fiction and the Shoah theme, yet the author of the article argues that it may serve as an important stepping stone in exemplifying history. This literary vision of the Holocaust (defined as “pastoral thriller”) shows educational possibilities of fiction.

The Price of Heroism: Veterans of the Dutch Resistance to the Nazi Occupation and the Holocaust in World War II

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wybrand Op den Velde ◽  
Ellen Frey-wouters ◽  
Henk E. Pelser
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War ◽  
Nazi Occupation ◽  
The Holocaust

FORMING OF PSYCHIATRIC CARE FOR MENTALLY ILL SOLDIERS DURING THE WORLD WAR I

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-172
Author(s):  
P.P. SHCHERBININ ◽  
◽  
S.V. BUKALOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
World War ◽  
Supreme Council ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article reconstructs the system of care for mental-ly ill war victims that developed in the Russian Empire during the World War I. It is shown that the system expanded its coverage from soldiers evacuated from the front to other categories of victims: refugees, garri-son soldiers, etc. The mechanism of interaction be-tween the Russian Red Cross Society, the Zemstvo Union and the Union of Cities, individual provincial zemstvos and city local self-governments, as well as a Special Commission of the Supreme Council for the support of families of persons called up for war, fami-lies of wounded and fallen soldiers in helping mentally ill victims of war is revealed. The main problematic and conflicting moments of this interaction are identified. Еstablished, that the need to provide psychiatric care to victims of war posed the tasks of fundamentally expanding the scale of psychiatric care in the Russian Empire. The article was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research within the framework of the grant №19-09-00494.

European Twentieth-Century Dictatorship and the Law

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Stolleis
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
German Law ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
World War ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
German Reich ◽  
Second World

Between 1900 and 1920 some of the great old political orders broke down, the Chinese and the Russian Empire, the monarchy of the Habsburgs, and the German Reich. Uncertainties and anxieties about the future caused a broad deviation from the ideas and promises of liberalism, parliamentary democracy, and international law. Everywhere anti-liberal authoritarian movements organized themselves. The contribution concentrates on the German law under the Swastika, especially on the ambivalences between the traditional rule of law and the destructive dynamic of the SS-state, which led into emigration, the Second World War, and the Holocaust. The German example is paradigmatic, no doubt. But the observations can be universalized in a world with an increasing number of authoritarian regimes.

scholarly journals Holocaust Representation and Graphical Strangeness in Art Spiegelman’s Maus: A Survivor’s Tale: “Funny Animals,” Constellations, and Traumatic Memory

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-75
Author(s):  
Ana-Maria Gavrilă
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
Narrative Structure ◽  
Narrative Form ◽  
Pulitzer Prize ◽  
Traumatic Memory ◽  
Holocaust Literature ◽  
World War ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Cultural Connotations

Abstract Art Spiegelman’s MAUS, a Pulitzer-prize-winning two-volume graphic novel, zooms into wartime Poland, interweaving young Vladek’s – the author’s father – experiences of World War II and the present day through uncanny visual and verbal representational strategies characteristic of the comics medium. “I’m literally giving a form to my father’s words and narrative”, Spiegelman remarks on MAUS, “and that form for me has to do with panel size, panel rhythms, and visual structures of the page”. The risky artistic strategies and the “strangeness” of its form, to use Harold Bloom’s term, are essential to how the author represents the horrors of the Holocaust: by means of anthropomorphic caricatures and stereotypes depicting Germans as cats, Jewish people as mice, Poles as pigs, and so on. Readings of MAUS often focus on the cultural connotations in the context of postmodernism and in the Holocaust literature tradition, diminishing the importance of its hybrid narrative form in portraying honest, even devastating events. Using this idea as a point of departure, along with a theoretical approach to traumatic memory and the oppressed survivor’s story, I will cover three main topics: the “bleeding” and re-building of history, in an excruciating obsession to save his father’s – a survivor of Auschwitz – story for posterity and to mend their alienating relationship and inability to relate; the connection between past and present, the traumatic subject, and the vulnerability it assumes in drawing and writing about life during the Holocaust as well as the unusual visual and narrative structure of the text. The key element of my study, as I analyse a range of sections of the book, focuses on the profound and astonishing strangeness of the work itself, which consequently assured MAUS a canonical status in the comics’ tradition.

scholarly journals PANTERA NO PORÃO: TOTALITARISMO, PERSEGUIÇÃO, MAL-ESTAR E EXPERIÊNCIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
GISÉLLE RAZERA
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Of Israel ◽  
The Way

Resumo: Este trabalho deriva da análise do livro Pantera no Porão, de Amós Oz, sob o prisma do ensaio “Mal-estar na Civilização”, de Sigmund Freud, e do livro As origens do to-talitarismo, de Hanna Arendt. Além disso, tem na obra Holocausto, história dos judeus na Europa na Segunda Guerra Mundial, de Martin Gilbert, o texto que embasa a contextuali-zação do chão histórico sobre as condições de vida do povo judeu no Velho Continente e no artigo “O Estado de Israel: fundamentos históricos” a fundamentação que visa descrever o processo de formação do Estado de Israel. A abordagem apresentada neste artigo busca dar evidência ao modo como a perseguição aos judeus – descrita por Arendt e Gilbert, além dos pressupostos de Freud – está representada nas páginas de Pantera no porão, narrativa que tem como pano de fundo a fixação da comunidade judaica em terras árabes. Palavras-chave: Amós Oz – Pantera no Porão – Holocausto – Totalitarismo – Israel. Abstract: Panther in the Basement: totalitarianism, persecution, malaise and experience This work is derived from the analysis of Amos Oz's Panther in the Basement, under the prism of Sigmund Freud's essay "Malaise in Civilization" and Hanna Arendt's The Origins of Totalitarianism. In addition to the history of the Jews in Europe in World War II, by Martin Gilbert, the text of the Holocaust, the history of the Jewish people in the Old Conti-nent and the article "The State of Israel: Historical grounds" the grounds for describing the process of formation of the State of Israel. The approach presented in this ar-ticle seeks to give evidence to the way in which the persecution of the Jews – described by Arendt and Gilbert, in addition to the assumptions of Freud – is represented in the pages of Pantera in the basement, narrative that has as background the fixation of the Jewish com-munity in Arab lands. Keywords: Amos Oz - Panther in the Basement - Holocaust - Totalitarianism – Israel.

International Affinity and the Prevention of Genocide

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-482
Author(s):  
Manus I. Midlarsky
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Empirical Validity ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Nazi Occupation ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Irish Catholics ◽  
First World

The question of the absence of genocides where they might have been expected is an important one; answering this question successfully can help establish the empirical validity or instead, disconfirmation, of proposed explanations for genocide’s occurrence. Affinity of populations or governments (ethnoreligiously similar or ideologically sympathetic) with the power and influence to actively intervene or to provoke intervention on behalf of the victims is understood to be a major genocide preventive. Cases examined include a contrast between Greek survival and genocide of the Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, the absence of the genocide of Jews in Poland at the time of the Partitions, absence of genocide of the Irish Catholics by the British after the First World War, and a contrast between the absence of the Holocaust in the early stages of the Nazi occupation of Europe, but its presence upon the German invasion of Russia in 1941. Protection of threatened populations in peacetime but their extreme vulnerability in time of war is a paradox of the affinity condition. Implications of affinity for R2P are developed in the international propagation of the R2P norm and the deft use of the diplomacy in the service of protecting threatened populations.

scholarly journals “Millions of Jews Died in That War… It Was a Bad Time”: The Holocaust in Adventures in Odyssey’s Escape to the Hiding Place

Genealogy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Brittingham
Keyword(s):  
World War ◽  
Rescue Work ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Fictional Narrative ◽  
Hiding Place ◽  
Children's Book ◽  
Nazi Occupation ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of

In 2012, the Christian evangelical organization Focus on the Family published Escape to the Hiding Place, the ninth book in Adventures in Odyssey’s Imagination Station book series. This short children’s book is a creative reimagining of Corrie ten Boom’s Holocaust memoir The Hiding Place (1971). Corrie was a Christian who lived in Haarlem during the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands. Corrie and her family helped hide Jews and non-Jews from arrest and deportation at the hands of the Nazis and their collaborators. Corrie’s story has played a significant role in the evangelical Christian encounter with the Holocaust. Like every Imagination Station story, Escape to the Hiding Place features two cousins, Patrick and Beth, from the fictional town of Odyssey. They travel back in time to help Jews escape the Nazis, all so they can learn a lesson about their ability to aid others in need. A harrowing adventure ensues. This paper does not criticize the valuable rescue work undertaken by Christians during the Holocaust, nor does it criticize the contemporary evangelical desire to draw meaning from Christian rescue work. Rather, the fictional narrative under consideration skews toward an overly simplistic representation of the Christian response to the murder of Jews during World War Two, contains a flat reading of Dutch society during the war, and fails to address antisemitism or racism. This paper situates Escape to the Hiding Place within a wider evangelical popular culture that has struggled with the history of the Holocaust apart from redemptive Christian biographies.

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