Determination of Leptin Adiponectin, LDL/HDL ratio with substantial role of Adiponectin and its Receptor

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2550-2553
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali Talat ◽  
Muhammad Shoaib ◽  
Sana Sabir ◽  
Uzair Mumtaz ◽  
Ambreen Tauseef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lipid Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Suitable Marker

Aim: To determine Leptin/Adiponectin ratio, LDL/HDL ratio and AdipoR1 in obese and healthy subjects along with their respective lipid status. Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in Sialkot city. One hundred and thirty-two participants took part in this research. Participants were equally divided into two groups containing non-obese and obese subjects. Mean age was 39.6±0.97 years. Mean BMI for obese subjects was 31.55±0.6 while non-obese group BMI was 20.5±0.2. Individuals with conditions and history of drugs were excluded. Informed and written consent was obtained prior to fasting blood sampling. Serum extraction and proper storage for later testing was carried out. ELISA method used for Adiponectin, AdiopR1 and leptin estimations while lipid profile was determined by Randox Diagnostics kits, using micro lab. SPSS v. 26. was used for comparison between by Mann-Whitney U tes. Results: Higher levels of Leptin/Adiponectin ratio(0.85±0.1) and LDL/HDL ratio (3.39 ± 0.1), serum Adiponectin (545± 73.3 ug/L), leptin (320.7±50.3 pg/mL) and AdipoR1 (28.9± 2.8 ng/mL) in obese when compared with healthy individuals, Leptin/Adiponectin ratio (0.44 ± 0.07 ) and LDL/HDL ratio (2.56 ± 0.08) Adiponectin (834± 70.6 ug/L), AdiopoR1 (17.8± 1.97 ng/mL), leptin (224.4±168.7 pg/mL). Correlation of adiponectin found positive for AdipoR1(r=0.336,p<0.05) and Leptin(r=0263,p<0.05) in obese subjects. L/A ratio correlated positive with leptin (r=0.644,p<0.05) in obese while in healthy subjects (leptin r=0.409,p<0.05,adiponectin r=-0.408,p<0.05 and HDL r=0.266,p<0.05).. Conclusion: The Leptin/Adiponectin ratio was found higher in obese subjects 0.85 as compared to healthy ones 0.44. Also the LDL/HDL ratio was found higher (3.39) when compared to non-obese (2.56), suggesting these ratios as a suitable marker to estimate metabolic disturbances and underlying dyslipidemia in the obese subjects. Key Words: Adiponectin, LDL/HDL ratio, Leptin, Leptin/Adiponectin ratio, Obesity

Determining the Receptor Proteins AdipoR1, Leptin and Lipid Status in Serum; Mitigating its impact on Obese and Healthy Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1164-1168
Author(s):  
M. A. Talat ◽  
I. Liaqat ◽  
T. Usman ◽  
M. K. Ashraf ◽  
A. Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Receptor Proteins ◽  
Lipid Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Obese Subjects

Aim: To investigate role of AdipoR1 concentrations and leptin levels in obese and healthy subjects along with their lipid status Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in residents of Sialkot city and included 132 subjects. Each group had 66 participants. Mean age was 39.6±0.97 years. Mean BMI for obese subjects was 31.55±0.6 while healthy group BMI was 20.5±0.2. Individuals with known history of diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, any malignancy and history of lipid lowering, antihypertensive, antipsychotics and antiepileptic were excluded. Fasting blood samples were taken after informed and written consent. Samples were centrifuged to extract serum and stored for analysis by ELISA method for AdiopR1 and leptin while lipid profile was determined by kits by Randox Diagnostics using micro lab. Data was analyzed by SPSS v. 26. Comparison between groups was carried out by Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Our study revealed higher levels of serum AdipoR1 (28.9±22.86 ng/mL), leptin (320.7±59.38 pg/mL), cholesterol (216±5.31 mg/dl), triglyceride (177.8±4.93 mg/dl) and LDL (139.3±4.56 mg/dl) in obese when compared with healthy individuals, AdiopoR1 (17.8±1.96ng/mL), leptin (219±20.76 pg/mL), cholesterol (179.8±3.25 mg/dl), triglyceride (149.8±3.17mg/dl), LDL (108.5±25.7 mg/dl) respectively. No statistical difference was found for HDL between groups. Conclusion: Our Study concludes that rising levels of AdipoR1 and leptin in addition to lipid profile are associated with obesity. Keywords: Obesity, Receptor Proteins AdipoR1, Leptin, lipid status, adipose tissue

Cardioautonomic responses to acute ingestion of ice water and its correlation to body mass index

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-264
Author(s):  
Priya Arjunwadekar ◽  
Savitri Parvatgouda Siddanagoudra
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Water Ingestion ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Ice Water

Abstract Background A significant relationship has been documented in the literature between the autonomic nervous system imbalance and cardiovascular mortality. In patients with autonomic failure, water ingestion has been shown to increase blood pressure (BP), induce bradycardia, and cause low heart rate variability (HRV). A few studies showed the altered HRV as an acute effect of ice water intake in healthy subjects. None of the studies have shown light on the relationship of BP and HRV to ice water intake in obese and overweight subjects. The present study is aimed to correlate BP and HRV with body mass index (BMI) after ice water ingestion. Methods This cross-sectional study included a total of 60 subjects of both sexes aged between 18 and 24 years old. Subjects were assigned into three groups based on their BMI: normal, overweight, and obese. Before and after ice water ingestion, BP and HRV parameters were recorded and compared between the groups. Statistically data were analyzed by Student’s paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance. Results Basal HF was significant (p<0.05) in all three groups after ice water ingestion [F(2, 27), 44.1; p-value, 0.02]. After ice water ingestion, all HRV values were significant (p<0.001) in the three groups. The post-hoc Tukey HSD test demonstrated the less mean score for mean RR interval, standard deviation of all NN interval, standard deviation of differences between adjacent, HF and high for HR, LF, and LHR in overweight and obese subjects. Conclusions Because of the effective buffering system, healthy subjects showed increased HR and unchanged BP. Overweight and obese subjects showed decreased HR and increased BP.

scholarly journals Role of Psychosocial Factors In Vicarious Traumatization: A Comparative Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Nazia Mustafa ◽  
Hina Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Vicarious Traumatization ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Personal History ◽  
Vulnerable Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed at investigating the role of psychosocial factors such as, gender, marital status, profession, and personal history of trauma in vicarious traumatization (VT). METHODOLOGY: Cross sectional study was conducted at various hospitals in Rawalpindi and Islamabad over the period of 6 months from January 2018 to June 2018. A sample of 170 healthcare professionals (doctors=39, psychiatrists=27, psychologists=36, nurses=30 and others=38) (men=67, women=103) was taken from various hospitals in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Data were collected by using the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale. RESULTS: Results revealed significant differences have been found among various groups of healthcare professionals (doctors, psychiatrist, psychologists, nurses and others) in whom psychiatrists are the most vulnerable group for vicarious traumatization and psychologists are the least vulnerable group. Moreover, healthcare professionals who are married and have personal history of trauma are more vulnerable for vicarious traumatization as compared to those who are unmarried and without personal history of trauma. No significant gender differences have been found among health care professionals on vicarious traumatization. CONCLUSION: The findings of present research have emphasized that vicarious traumatization must be addressed and identified in a health setting.

Brain Death

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupamaa Seshadri ◽  
Ali Salim
Keyword(s):  
Brain Death ◽  
Apnea Test ◽  
Brainstem Reflex ◽  
Practice Parameters ◽  
Confirmatory Tests ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pediatric Populations ◽  
Definition Of

The concept of “brain death” is one that has been controversial over time, requiring the development of clear guidelines to diagnose and give prognoses for patients after devastating neurologic injury. This review discusses the history of the definition of brain death, as well as the most recent guidelines and practice parameters on the determination of brain death in both the adult and pediatric populations. We provide specific and detailed instructions on the various clinical tests required, including the brain death neurologic examination and the apnea test, and discuss pitfalls in the diagnosis of brain death. This review also considers the most recent literature and guidelines as to the role of confirmatory tests making this diagnosis.  Key Words: apnea test, brain death, brainstem reflex, death examination

“Put Yourself in Her Shoes”

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer N. Fish
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
The State ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Government Influence ◽  
Opening Up

This chapter looks at the role of NGOs, global and national unions, and feminist government leaders in the movement to support domestic workers’ global rights. Here, the merger of civil society activism, labor struggles, and government influence reveals how a cross-sectional range of players served in pivotal roles as allies in the determination of policy protections. Relations between domestic workers and the state are analyzed to show the potential for opening up new spaces of worker activism. The discussion of feminist government leaders, or femocrats, reveals how the unexpected alliance of women in positions of power and women in some of the world’s most marginalized positions resulted in a synergy that shook a staid, bureaucratic institution to its core, and enabled its reorientation to more effectively address issues of global human rights.

scholarly journals Determination of Apolipoprotein B-48 in Plasma by a Competitive ELISA

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1638-1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Lorec ◽  
Christine Juhel ◽  
Yan Pafumi ◽  
Henri Portugal ◽  
Anne-Marie Pauli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apolipoprotein B ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Competitive Elisa ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Postprandial State ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Suitable Marker

Abstract Background: Apolipoprotein B-48 (apoB-48) is produced by the small intestine, as part of chylomicrons, and appears to be a suitable marker for clinical studies of postprandial lipoproteins and related cardiovascular risk. Our aim was to develop, for routine analysis, an assay to quantify apoB-48 in plasma samples. Methods: A microtiter plate was coated with a C-terminal apoB-48-specific heptapeptide. Plasma samples were incubated with appropriate detergent to allow competition between immobilized antigen and plasma apoB-48. Appropriate calibration curves were obtained in the ELISA, using calibrated lymph and chylomicrons. Results: Treatment of plasma samples with the mild detergent Triton X-100 allowed an efficient competition between immobilized antigen and plasma apoB-48. No cross-reactivity was found with apoB-100, as checked by ELISA and Western blot analysis. Intra- and interassay CVs were 5.4% and 5.5%, respectively. In healthy subjects, apoB-48 concentrations markedly increased in the postprandial state, in parallel with triglycerides. Conclusions: This new ELISA allows determination of the concentration of apoB-48 in normolipidemic plasma.

Effect-Size Measures and Meta-Analytic Thinking in Counseling Psychology Research

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 601-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin K. Henson
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Analytic Thinking ◽  
Statistical Significance Testing ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Result Interpretation

Effect sizes are critical to result interpretation and synthesis across studies. Although statistical significance testing has historically dominated the determination of result importance, modern views emphasize the role of effect sizes and confidence intervals. This article accessibly discusses how to calculate and interpret the effect sizes that counseling psychologists use most frequently. To provide context, the author presents a brief history of statistical significance tests. Second, the author discusses the difference between statistical, practical, and clinical significance. Third, the author reviews and graphically demonstrates two common types of effect sizes, commenting on multivariate and corrected effect sizes. Fourth, the author emphasizes meta-analytic thinking and the potential role of confidence intervals around effect sizes. Finally, the author gives a hypothetical example of how to report and potentially interpret some effect sizes.

scholarly journals Fear of Death: A Systemic Description

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Bakanova
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Fear Of Death ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Ways Of Coping ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ontological Aspect

The paper presents a systemic description of the fear of death incorporating the following five basic aspects of its study in psychology: anthropologic, gnoseological, axiological, praxeological and ontological. Content analysis of each aspect is built upon theoretical research. Thus, the anthropological aspect is reviewed through the prism of various studies on the differences in experiencing the fear of dying throughout the history of mankind and throughout an individual's life. The gnoseological aspect is revealed through the issues of bio¬logical and social determination of the fear of death realized in explorations of its conscious and subconscious components explored in psychology. The axiological aspect is considered through its orientation (internal and external) and content components reflecting the basic values of an individual that are either destroyed or created by the idea of death. The praxeological aspect represents ways of coping with the fear of death, including various defence mechanisms. The ontological aspect is regarded as the integral one depicting the role of the fear of death in human development and its contributions to the formation of personality.

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