Frequency of Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2753-2755
Author(s):  
Shazia Jamil ◽  
Naveed Mahmood ◽  
Israr-ul- Haque ◽  
Rabiah Haque ◽  
Muhammad Imran-ul-Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Group I ◽  
B12 Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin B 12 ◽  
Group Ii

Objective: To determine the prevalence of vitamin B-12 deficiency in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Study Design: Retrospective study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, OMC Hospital, Jail Road Lahore from January, 2020 to December, 2020. Methods: Two hundred and thirty pregnant females were enrolled age between 18-45 years. Detailed demographics of enrolled cases age, gestational age, gravidity and body mass index were recorded after taking informed written consent. Among 230 cases, 100 women were non GDM (group I) and 130 had gestational diabetes mellitus (group II). Blood samples were taken from all the patients for measuring vitamin B12 status. Vitamin B12 was defined as <300 pg/ml. Results: Mean age of the patients in group I was 31.64±7.45 years with mean BMI 25.88±8.65 kg/m2 while mean age among GDM group was 34.55±5.71 years with mean BMI 27.36±9.44 kg/m2. Mean gestational age in group I was 33.72±4.21 weeks and in group II 35.08±9.27 weeks. In group I 20 (20%) had vitamin B12 deficiency and in group II rate ofvitamin B12 deficiency was high among 90 (69.2%) cases. We found a significantly relation between vitamin B12 and GDM with p value <0.0007. Conclusion: The prevalence of vitamin B-12 deficiency among pregnant women of gestational diabetes mellitus was significantly high as compared to normal pregnant women. Keywords: Pregnant Women, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Vitamin B12 deficiency

scholarly journals Vitamin B12 deficiency is linked with dyslipidemia in gestational diabetes mellitus.

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (01) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Shehmeen Khan Khanzada ◽  
Sabreena Abbas Khokhar ◽  
Fouzia Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
B12 Deficiency

Objective: To determine the vitamin B12 deficiency and dyslipidemia in Gestational Diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosed pregnant women. Study Design: Observational study. Setting: Department of Biochemistry and Gynecology/Obstetrics LUMHS Hospital Jamshoro. Period: January 2018 to December 2018. Material & Methods: A sample of 216 diagnosed GDM pregnant women was selected according to study criteria. Venous blood samples were centrifuged to separate sera; that were used for the estimation of (hexokinase method), blood lipids and Vitamin B12 (ECLIA assay method) by Cobas chemistry analyzer. Statistical SPSS software 21.0 (IBM, Inc USA) was used for study research variables at 95% CI (P ≤ 0.05). Results: Age of GDM cases was 36.12±9.5 years. Mean+/-SD vitamin B12 level was noted 154.7±81.7 ng/mL (P=0.0001). Serum cholesterol, triglycerides and LDLc were elevated and HDLc was low in GDM cases (P=0.0001). Of 216 GDM cases, vitamin B12 deficiency was present in 152 (70.3%) (P=0.0001) and dyslipidemia in 50 (23.1%) (X2=452.0) (P=0.0001). Vitamin B12 shows inverse correlation with RBG (r= -0.41, P=0.005), CHOL (r= -0.25, P=0.024), TAG (r= -0.81, P=0.0001), LDLc (r= -0.797, P=0.0001) and positive correlation with HDLc (r= 0.76, P=0.0001). Conclusion: The present study finds vitamin B12 deficiency in 152 (70.3%) and dyslipidemia in 50 (23.1%). Vitamin B12 deficient GDM women show high cholesterol, triglycerides, LDLc and low HDLc. Hence, it is concluded, the vitamin B12 deficiency is linked with dyslipidemia in Gestational Diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Frequency of Hypovitaminosis B12 in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 2296-2298
Author(s):  
Aesha Sadaf Rizwan ◽  
Kousar Robeen ◽  
Afshan Ahmad ◽  
Irum Batool Hashmi ◽  
Muhammad Tahir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
High Rate ◽  
P Value ◽  
B12 Deficiency

Objective: To determine the frequency of hypovitaminosis B12 in pregnant females presented with gestational diabetes mellitus. Study Design: Retrospective study Place and Duration: The department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Category A Hospital, Batkhela Malakand and Muhammad Teaching Hospital, Peshawarfor the duration of six months from October 2020 to March 2021. Methodology: Total 190 pregnant women (95 GDM, 95 non-GDM) were enrolled in this study. Patient’s ages were ranging between 18 to 40 years. Detailed demographics including age, gestational age, body mass index (BMI), and gravidty were recorded after taking informed written consent. Blood samples were taken from all the patients for measuring vitamin B12 status. Hypovitaminosis B12 was defined as <300 pg/ml. Data was analyzed by SPSS 24.0. Results: Mean age of patients was 32.46±6.82 years. Mean BMI was 26.24±2.34 kg/m2. Mean gestational age was 34.56±2.18 weeks. 105 (55.26%) women were multigravida. 80 (42.11%) patients had vitamin B12 level <300 pg/ml. Patients with GDM had high rate of vitaminosis B12 deficiency as compared to non-GDM patients (65.26% Vs 18.95%). A significant association was observed between GDM and hypovitaminosis B12 with p-value <0.0001. Conclusion: Vitamin B12 deficiency was significantly associated with gestational diabetes mellitus with frequency of 65.26%. Keywords: Vitaminosis B12, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Pregnancy

scholarly journals Screening of gestational diabetes mellitus using one-step versus two-step method: a comparative study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 3372
Author(s):  
Deepti Khenwar ◽  
Juhi Agarwal ◽  
Sushruta Shriastava
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Group I ◽  
One Step ◽  
Group Ii

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as carbohydrate intolerance of variable severity with onset or first recognition during the present pregnancy. It affects 7% of all pregnancies worldwide and in India it ranges from 6 to 9% in rural and 12 to 21% in urban area. The aim of this study was to compare the DIPSI criteria with the two-step method (Carpenter and Couston criteria.) and to study merits and demerits of one step and two step tests for GDM.Methods: A total 400 pregnant women of gestational age between 24-28 weeks attending antenatal clinic at this study tertiary care center were enrolled in this study. 200 pregnant women were enrolled in each of the study group (Group I OGTT and Group II DIPSI).Results: In Group I (OGTT) screening 47 (23.5%) were tested positive. In Group II cases, screening test results were found positive among 44 (22%). Out of 95 high-risk pregnant women 38 (40%) were positive for GDM by OGTT and 34 (35.78%) were positive by DIPSI. Out of 305 non high-risk pregnant women, 9 (2.95%) were positive for GDM by OGTT and 10 (3.27%) were positive by DIPSI.Conclusions: Present study concludes that DIPSI is the test which can predict GDM in population comparable to another test like OGTT. Also, India’s major population reside in rural areas, ANC are mostly conducted by ANM, therefore screening test should be easy to perform and interpret.

scholarly journals Teenage Pregnancy; Maternal and Fetal Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 3394-3396
Author(s):  
Bushra Mehmood ◽  
Anisa Saleem ◽  
Rubina Kausar ◽  
Amna Aslam
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Fetal Outcomes ◽  
Group I ◽  
Post Partum Haemorrhage ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Nicu Admission

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the adverse adverse maternal and fetal outcomes in teenage pregnant women. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial Place and Duration: Department of Gyne & Obs, Shahida Islam Teaching Hospital Lodhran, during from 15-04-2020 to 31-03-2021. Material and methods: Total one hundred and twenty patients were enrolled in this study. Patients were aged between 14- 40 years. Patients detailed demographics were recorded after taking written consent. Patients were equally divided into two groups I and II. 60 patients of aged between 14-18 years were included in group I and equally patients of aged >18 were included in group II. Frequency of pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus and post-partum haemorrhage were calculated. Adverse outcomes among (cesarean section, instrumental delivery,induction of labor and prolong labor, hypertensive disorder) were calculated among both groups. Fetal outcomes Perinatal mortality, Low birth weight, Low Apgar score and NICU admission were observed. Complete data was analyzed by SPSS 22.0 version. Results: Mean age of the patients in group I was 17.88±1.42 years with mean BMI 22.09±4.66 Kg/m2 and in group II mean age was 19.16±8.64 years with mean BMI 23.87±4.57 Kg/m2. Fetal outcomes, perinatal mortality in group I 8 (13.3%) and in group II was 5 (8.3%), low birth weight in group I was among 25 (41.7%) and in group II was 9 (15%), low apgar score in group I was 10 (16.7%) and in group II was 7 (11.7%), 12 (20%) in group I went to NICU admission and 4 (6.7%) patient in group II admitted to NICU. Frequency of pre-eclampsia in group I were high among 27 (45%) patients as compared to group II 13 (21.7%) patients , frequency of gestational diabetes mellitus in group I was among 14 (23.3 %) patients and 5 (8.3%) patients were in group II, post partum haemorrhage was seen in 42 (70%) cases in group I and 23 (38.3%) cases in group II. Conclusion: Delaying intrauterine development and premature neonatal intensive care admissions are also on the rise in this study. Anemia, urinary tract infection, high blood pressure pregnancy, and surgical delivery are all associated with pregnancies in which the mother is a teenager. Keywords: Pre-eclampsia, Partum haemorrhage, Maternal outcome, Fetal outcome

scholarly journals Vitamin B12 deficiency among vegetarian and non-vegetarian diabetic population receiving prolonged Metformin based oral hypoglycemic agents therapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Kumar Verma ◽  
Ranjit Kumar Nim ◽  
P. S. Singh ◽  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Geeta Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
P Value ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
B12 Deficiency ◽  
Diabetic Population ◽  
Vitamin B 12 ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Background: Diabetes is a group of metabolic disorder that share the phenotype of hyperglycemia. Over the period of time the metabolic dysregulation associated with diabetes mellitus causes secondary pathophysiological changes in multiple organs like heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidney and nerves resulting in various complications. However, a common potential interaction of metformin with vitamin B-12 is well documented but is poorly studied by the physicians who prescribe metformin to their diabetic patients. Since vitamin B-12 deficiency is common among vegan population as compared to population consuming food of animal origin (meat, fish and dairy products). But in this article, it has been studied that metformin cause vitamin B-12 deficiency even in non-vegetarian population. The aim of this study was to asses’ vitamin B12 deficiency among vegetarian and non-vegetarian diabetic population receiving prolonged Metformin based oral hypoglycaemic agents therapy. It was a cross sectional study done in Department of Medicine, UPUMS, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India.Methods: Study done among patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus of age group 30-60 years on prolonged metformin based OHA therapy and having peripheral neuropathy were included in study. Data was analysed on SPSS Version 22.0 and p value obtained.Results: Statistical analysis of 93 patients included in study showed that vitamin B12 deficiency is common among the vegetarian (56.52%) and non-vegetarian (35.71%) population but the difference is not statistically significant (p value=0.29) which is more in favour of metformin associated vitamin B12 deficiency in non-vegetarian population.Conclusions: Vitamin B12 deficiency is common in diabetes patients on metformin based OHA therapy hence we recommend routine screening for Vitamin B12 deficiency in such diabetes patients. 

scholarly journals Gamma-glutamyl transferase is an indicator of gestational diabetes mellitus

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mousumi Ghosh ◽  
Debatosh Paul ◽  
Md Saiful Islam ◽  
Gopal Chandra Ghosh ◽  
Mohammad Monzurul Alam Bhuiyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynecology ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl ◽  
Group I ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Increased gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus in pregnant women. This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Clinical Pathology in collaboration with Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka from March 2014 to February 2015 to assess the GGT as an indicator of GDM. Total 66 pregnant women were enrolled in this study in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, BSMMU. Total 33 cases were considered as Group I (GDM) and 33 controls were Group II (normal healthy pregnant women). Two ml of blood was collected in plain test tube from each patient. Gestational diabetes mellitus were diagnosed by FBS and 2hr after 75g glucose in this study as cases. Normal healthy pregnant women was included in this study as control. GGT was higher in GDM group compared to normal healthy pregnant women (30.60±7.78 vs. 16.45±4.97, p<0.001). So, with the help of GGT we can take preventive measure and precaution to reduce the risk of GDM in pregnant women.Bangladesh Med J. 2015 Sep; 44 (3): 152-156

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Folate, Vitamin B12 and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus with Proposed Mechanisms and Foetal Implications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angeline Maher ◽  
Agata Sobczyńska-Malefora
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Homocysteine Concentration ◽  
Vitamin B9 ◽  
The Impact

The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is rising, which warrants attention due to the associated complications during pregnancy and in the long term for both mother and offspring. Studies have suggested a relationship between maternal folate (vitamin B9) and vitamin B12 status and GDM risk. Seemingly the most problematic scenario occurs when there is B-vitamin imbalance, with high folate and low vitamin B12. This nutritional state can occur in vitamin B12 deficient women who exceed the recommended folic acid supplementation. However, the pathological mechanisms behind this relationship are currently unclear and are explored in this review article. A high folate/low B12 can lead to a functional folate deficiency through the methyl-trap phenomenon, impairing re-methylation of homocysteine and regeneration of folates for DNA synthesis and repair. Consequently elevated homocysteine concentration leads to endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Vitamin B12 deficiency also leads to an impairment of the conversion of methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA, which has been associated with insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is thought to contribute to the etiology of GDM. More studies are needed to confirm the impact of these and other mechanisms on disease development. However, it highlights a potential avenue for GDM risk modification through a vitamin B12 supplement and improvement of maternal metabolic health.

scholarly journals Serum Zinc and Copper Levels in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzana Akonjee Mishu ◽  
MA Muttalib ◽  
Bilkis Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: The term gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is becoming a major health problem in developing countries undergoing rapid changes in lifestyle, dietary habits and body mass index. GDM is associated with an increased incidence of congenital abnormalities which is also aggravated by mother’s zinc and copper deficiency. Zinc and copper are essential trace elements for normal embryogenesis and fetal growth and their deficiency increase mortality and morbidity of mothers, embryos and neonates. This study was designed to evaluate the association of serum zinc and copper with GDM in second and third trimester.Methods: It was a case-control study. This study was conducted in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital during the period from July 2013 to June 2014 to evaluate the association of zinc and copper levels of pregnant women with GDM. A total induded of 172 subjects were participated in this study; among them 86 women diagnosed with GDM were selected as case (Group-I) and 86 healthy pregnant women were control (Group- II).The case group was again subdivided as Group Ia and Ib according to second and third trimester respectively. Control group was also subdivided as Group IIa and IIb according to second and third trimester respectively. Student’s unpaired ‘t’ test was used to analyse the data between groups. For analytical purpose 95% confidence limit (p<0.05) was taken as level of significance.Results: There was significant difference in serum zinc and copper levels in cases compared to control group. Highly significant difference (p<0.001) was found when serum zinc was compared between women with GDM and normoglycemic pregnant women in second and third trimester. Serum copper level was significantly increased in cases compared to control group in second trimester and the difference was found highly significant (p<0.001) and significant difference (p<0.01) was found in GDM compared to normoglycemic pregnant women in third trimester.Birdem Med J 2018; 8(1): 52-55

Thyroid function in pregnant women; relation to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and Body Mass Index (BMI)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Simeakis ◽  
Evangelia Vogiatzi ◽  
Panagiota Konstantakou ◽  
Evangelia Zapanti ◽  
Katerina Saltiki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Thyroid Function
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