Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Pregnant Women with Dengue

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 3161-3163
Author(s):  
Maryam Shoaib ◽  
Muhammad Sohail Tareen ◽  
Uzma Afridi ◽  
Samia Saifullah
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Preterm Labor ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Intrauterine Death ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Maternal And Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
The Mean

Background: Dengue infection has been observed to cause critical outcomes in mother as well as child from an infected pregnancy. Objective: To assess the maternal and neonatal outcomes of dengue infected pregnancy. Study Design: Prospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Sandeman Provincial Hospital, Quetta 1st August 2018 to 28th February 2021. Methodology: Fifty pregnant females were enrolled after their dengue confirmation either by NS1, IgM or IgG test. Clinical and demographic information was recorded. Pregnancy and neonatal outcomes were noticed by following the patients until delivery and postpartum period and the new born if infected then up to post 6 months of delivery. Results: The mean age of patients was 25.5±3.5 years. Out of the total pregnant dengue infected females 60% had multigravida. Fifty percent of females came for clinical assistance in their third trimester. Post-partum hemorrhages were common in 6% patients. Vertical transmission was seen in three cases where two did not survive and had intra uterine death. Maternal mortality was seen in 14% of total cases. Conclusion: Morbidity, preterm labor, vertical transmission, intrauterine death are some of the maternal and neonatal outcomes of dengue infected pregnancy. Keywords: Dengue, Pregnancy, Neonatal outcomes, Maternal outcomes

Studies of the oestrous cycle, oestrus and pregnancy in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
SD Johnston ◽  
MR McGowan ◽  
P O'Callaghan ◽  
R Cox ◽  
V Nicolson
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Concentrations

As an integral part of the development of an artificial insemination programme in the captive koala, female reproductive physiology and behaviour were studied. The oestrous cycle in non-mated and mated koalas was characterized by means of behavioural oestrus, morphology of external genitalia and changes in the peripheral plasma concentrations of oestradiol and progestogen. The mean (+/- SEM) duration of the non-mated oestrous cycle and duration of oestrus in 12 koalas was 32.9 +/- 1.1 (n = 22) and 10.3 +/- 0.9 (n = 24) days, respectively. Although the commencement of oestrous behaviour was associated with increasing or high concentrations of oestradiol, there were no consistent changes in the morphology or appearance of the clitoris, pericloacal region, pouch or mammary teats that could be used to characterize the non-mated cycle. As progestogen concentrations remained at basal values throughout the interoestrous period, non-mated cycles were considered non-luteal and presumed anovulatory. After mating of the 12 koalas, six females gave birth with a mean (+/- SEM) gestation of 34.8 +/- 0.3 days, whereas the remaining six non-parturient females returned to oestrus 49.5 +/- 1. 0 days later. After mating, oestrous behaviour ceased and the progestogen profile showed a significant increase in both pregnant and non-parturient females, indicating that a luteal phase had been induced by the physical act of mating. Progestogen concentrations throughout the luteal phase of the pregnant females were significantly higher than those of non-parturient females. Parturition was associated with a decreasing concentration of progestogen, which was increased above that of basal concentrations until 7 days post partum.

Pituitary dimensions and volume measurements in pregnancy and post partum

1998 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Dinç ◽  
F. Esen ◽  
A. Demirci ◽  
A. Sari ◽  
H. Resit Gümele
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Normal Pituitary Gland ◽  
Volume Measurements ◽  
Length Width ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: Our purpose was to clarify and further characterize the changes in height, length, width, volume, and shape in the normal pituitary gland and in width in the infundibulum during pregnancy and the first 6 months post partum. Material and Methods: Cranial MR imaging was performed in 78 women who were pregnant in the second or third trimester or who were post partum, and in 18 age-matched control subjects who were not pregnant. Volume measurements were performed in 2 ways; volume 1=1/2xheightxlengthxwidth; and volume 2=area (measured by trackball)xslice thickness Results: Gland volume, height, width, length, and convexity, and infundibular width increased during pregnancy. the highest values were seen during the 3 days immediately post partum. When compared with volunteers, volumes 1 and 2 showed the largest increase (120%) among the parameters. Gland height showed the best correlation (r=0.94, p>0.00001) with gestational age. the mean height of the gland was 8.76 mm in the third trimester. None of the pregnant women had a gland height of above 10 mm during pregnancy. Only 2 subjects had gland heights of 10.04 and 10.2 mm during the 0–3 days post partum. After this first post-partum period of 3 days, the gland size, shape, and volume and the infundibular width returned to normal within 6 months Conclusion: the pituitary gland enlarges in three dimensions throughout pregnancy. During pregnancy, the volume of the gland shows the highest percentage of increase compared to its length, height, and width. the maximum height of the gland does not exceed 10 mm during pregnancy but it may exceed 10 mm during the 3 days immediately post partum.

scholarly journals Steroids for All

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra McKinzie ◽  
Ziyi Yang ◽  
Joanne Daggy ◽  
Robert Tepper ◽  
Sarah Quinney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Labor ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Hypertensive Disorder ◽  
Antenatal Corticosteroids ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
Admission Rates ◽  
Threatened Preterm Labor ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nicu Admission

Background: Due to difficulties estimating the risk of preterm labor, many women diagnosed with threatened preterm delivery and given antenatal corticosteroids to improve neonatal outcomes do not deliver until term. Our objective was to compare the short-term outcomes of infants born at term to women who received betamethasone (BMZ) for threatened preterm labor to infants who were not exposed to BMZ in utero.     Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of infants born at or after 37 weeks’ gestational age (GA) to mothers diagnosed with threatened preterm labor during pregnancy. Controlling for covariates, the primary neonatal outcomes of interest, including transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN), neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, and birthweight, were evaluated for their association with BMZ exposure.     Results: Of 5330 women, 1459 (27.5%) women received BMZ at a mean GA of 32.2±3.3 weeks. The mean age of women was 27±5.9 years-old and the mean GA at delivery was 38.9±1.1 weeks. Women receiving BMZ had higher rates of maternal comorbidities (P<0.001 for diabetes, asthma, and hypertensive disorder) and were more likely to self-identify as white (P=0.022). BMZ-exposed neonates had lower birth weights and increased rates of oxygen usage, TTN, hyperbilirubinemia, hypoglycemia, and NICU admission rates (all P-values <0.05).  Controlling for maternal characteristics and GA at delivery, BMZ exposure was not significantly associated with diagnosis of TTN [OR 1.09 (95% CI 0.80-1.50)], though it was associated with more NICU admissions [1.49 (1.19-1.86)] and lower birthweight by 91.5 (-122.3 to -60.6) grams.      Conclusions: Compared to women evaluated for preterm labor that did not receive BMZ, women receiving BMZ had infants with higher rates of NICU admission and lower birthweights, though the rate of TTN diagnosis was similar between the two groups. While the benefits of BMZ to infants born preterm are clear, there may be negative impacts for infants delivered at term. 

Impact of COVID-19 infection on maternal and neonatal outcomes: a review of 11078 pregnancies reported in the literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Azarkish ◽  
Roksana Janghorban
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Vulnerable Group ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Maternal And Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Time Of Admission

Background: Pregnant women are a vulnerable group in viral outbreaks, especially in the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: The aim of this review was to identify maternal and neonatal outcomes in available articles on pregnancies affected by COVID-19. Methods: The articles that had assessed outcomes of pregnancy and perinatal of women with COVID-19 between Oct 2019 and Aug 2020 without language limitation were considered. We searched databases, selected relevant studies and extracted data regarding maternal and neonatal outcomes from each article. Results: Data of 11078 pregnant women with COVID-19 of 23 countries were assessed from 77 articles between December 8, 2019 and Aug 18, 2020. Most pregnant women reported in their third trimester, out of which 6229 (56.22%) cases were symptomatic at the time of admission. Common onset symptoms, abnormal laboratory findings, and chest computed tomography pattern were cough (40.88%), lymphocytopenia (43.38%), and multiple ground-glass opacities (4.42%), respectively. 51.37% of all deliveries were done through cesarean section. 158 maternal mortality and 4.2 % ICU admission were reported. Vertical transmission was not reported, but its possibility was suggested in thirty-two neonates. Ten neonatal deaths, thirteen stillbirths, and nineteen abortions were reported. 60% of newborns were not breastfed. Conclusion: This review showed fewer adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19 in comparison with previous coronavirus outbreak infection in pregnancy. Limited data are available regarding the possibility of virus transmission in utero, during vaginal childbirth and breastfeeding. The effect of COVID-19 on the first and second trimesters and ongoing pregnancy outcomes in infected mothers is still questionable.

scholarly journals Investigation the Effects of Metformin versus Insulin on Neonatal and Maternal Outcomes in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Clinical Trail

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahin Najafian ◽  
Mojgan Barati ◽  
Sara Masihi ◽  
Ailin Fardipor
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Neonatal Hypoglycemia ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Insulin Group ◽  
Metformin Group ◽  
Maternal And Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of metformin versus insulin in the glycemic control and to investigate the maternal and neonatal outcomes in in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Pregnant women with gestational diabetes were randomized to either receive metformin (n=70) or insulin (n=70). Inclusion criteria were singleton pregnancy, following healthy diet and performing exercise for at least one week without satisfactory blood glucose level, no risk factor contributing to lactic acidosis, and no anatomic and/or chromosome anomalies. Two patients were excluded from the study due to lost to follow-up. The mean score of BMI and FBS after treatment was similar between two groups. But, the mean score of 2 hours blood sugar in insulin group (104.38±7.06 mg/dl) was significantly higher than metformin group (97.5±5.98 mg/dl) (P&lt;0.0001). The weight gain in metformin group was slightly lower than insulin group. (P=0.123). The proportion of neonatal hypoglycemia in insulin group was higher than metformin group (20 vs 3, P=0.002). Other neonatal outcomes such as IUGR, IUFD, fetal anomaly, polyhydramnios, macrosomia, oligohydramnios, and NICU stay did not differ significantly between two groups. In conclusion, metformin had compatible effect with insulin in decreasing adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes even in some parameters such as neonatal hypoglycemia it works better. Totally, metformin is safe and effectiveness in controlling the gestational diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Fetal and Perinatal Outcome Following First and Second Trimester COVID-19 Infection: Evidence from a Prospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2152
Author(s):  
Hadar Rosen ◽  
Yossi Bart ◽  
Rita Zlatkin ◽  
Liat Ben-Sira ◽  
Dafna Ben Bashat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Early Gestation ◽  
The Mean

A novel coronavirus termed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new strain of coronavirus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease, which emerged as a global pandemic. Data regarding the implications of COVID-19 disease at early gestation on fetal and obstetric outcomes is scarce. Thus, our aim was to investigate the effect of first and second trimester maternal COVID-19 disease on fetal and perinatal outcomes. This was a prospective cohort study of pregnant women with a laboratory-proven SARS-COV-2 infection contracted prior to 26 weeks gestation. Women were followed at a single tertiary medical center by serial sonographic examinations every 4–6 weeks to assess fetal well-being, growth, placental function, anatomic evaluation and signs of fetal infection. Amniocentesis was offered to assess amniotic fluid SARS-COV-2-PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was offered at 30–32 weeks gestation. Demographic, obstetric and neonatal data were collected from history intake, medical charts or by telephone survey. Perinatal outcomes were compared between women infected at first vs. second trimester. 55 women with documented COVID-19 disease at early gestation were included and followed at our center. The mean maternal age was 29.6 ± 6.2 years and the mean gestational age at viral infection was 14.2 ± 6.7 weeks with 28 (51%) women infected at the first trimester and 27 (49%) at the second trimester. All patients but one experienced asymptomatic to mild symptoms. Of 22 patients who underwent amniocentesis, none had evidence of vertical transmission. None of the fetuses exhibited signs of central nervous system (CNS) disease, growth restriction and placental dysfunction on serial ultrasound examinations and fetal MRI. Pregnancies resulted in perinatal survival of 100% to date with mean gestational age at delivery of 38.6 ± 3.0 weeks and preterm birth <37 weeks rate of 3.4%. The mean birthweight was 3260 ± 411 g with no cases of small for gestational age infants. The obstetric and neonatal outcomes were similar among first vs. second trimester infection groups. We conclude SARS-CoV-2 infection at early gestation was not associated with vertical transmission and resulted in favorable obstetric and neonatal outcomes.

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