Antigenotoxic and antimutagenic activities of Psittacanthus calyculatus (Loranthaceae) leaves water extract

Mistletoe (Psittacanthus calyculatus) is used for the prevention and treatment of numerous diseases. Samples of leaves from P. calyculatus were collected in April of 2019, and prepared an aqueous extract. The extract was lyophilized, and its polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins content were determined. Then, concentrations of lyophilized extract were prepared (5, 50 and 100 ppm) and assessed their antigenotoxic, antimutagenic and genotoxicity activities in human lymphocytes were evaluated using the comet assay system. The dry aqueous extract contained 73.54 mg of polyphenols AGE per g sample, 39.37 mg of flavonoid CE per g, and 0.1 mg of anthocyanins Cy-3-gluc E per g. No significant genotoxic activity was observed, with the exception of the concentration of 100 ppm at 10 hours of exposure (p <0.05). There was also significant (p <0.05) antigenotoxic and antimutagenic activity (p <0.05). Clearly, low concentrations and short-duration exposures to lyophilized P. calyculatus do not induce genetic damage; however, high concentrations are genotoxic. The antigenotoxic and antimutagenic effects were due to a protective effect not only against induced DNA damage but also against basal genetic damage.

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Ethanolic extract of Casearia sylvestris and its clerodane diterpen (caseargrewiin F) protect against DNA damage at low concentrations and cause DNA damage at high concentrations in mice's blood cells

Mutagenesis ◽

10.1093/mutage/gep034 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 501-506 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

A. M. de Oliveira ◽

A. G. dos Santos ◽

R. A. dos Santos ◽

A. R. Csipak ◽

C. Olivato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Casearia Sylvestris ◽

High Concentrations

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DNA damage assessment by comet assay of human lymphocytes exposed to jet propulsion fuels

Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis ◽

10.1002/em.10082 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 18-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Shawna M. Jackman ◽

Geraldine M. Grant ◽

Christopher J. Kolanko ◽

David A. Stenger ◽

Joginder Nath

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Comet Assay ◽

Damage Assessment ◽

Human Lymphocytes ◽

Jet Propulsion

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Parallel evaluation of doxorubicin-induced genetic damage in human lymphocytes and sperm using the comet assay and spectral karyotyping

Mutagenesis ◽

10.1093/mutage/geh032 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 313-318 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

A. Baumgartner

Keyword(s):

Comet Assay ◽

Human Lymphocytes ◽

Spectral Karyotyping ◽

Genetic Damage ◽

Parallel Evaluation

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Paracoccidioidomycosis: no genetic damage in human peripheral blood cells of patients assessed by single-cell gel (comet) assay

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical ◽

10.1590/s0037-86822007000400021 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 476-478 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Renata Aparecida Martinez Antunes Ribeiro-Vieira ◽

Daniel Araki Ribeiro ◽

Daisy Maria Favero Salvadori ◽

Sílvio Alencar Marques

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Comet Assay ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Human Peripheral Blood ◽

Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis ◽

Peripheral Blood Cells ◽

Genetic Damage ◽

Systemic Fungal Infection ◽

Dna Breakage

Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic fungal infection caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. As infectious diseases can cause DNA damage, the authors aimed at analyzing DNA breakage in peripheral blood cells of patients with paracoccidioidomycosis by using the comet assay. The results suggested that paracoccidioidomycosis does not cause genotoxicity.

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Stress response and toxicity studies on zebrafish exposed to endosulfan and imidacloprid present in water

Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology—AQUA ◽

10.2166/aqua.2019.077 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 68 (8) ◽

pp. 718-730 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Barzah Muazzam ◽

Kashif Munawar ◽

Imtiaz Ahmad Khan ◽

Sarwat Jahan ◽

Mazhar Iqbal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Dna Damage ◽

Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Agricultural Runoff ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Mda Content ◽

Combined Exposures ◽

High Concentrations

Abstract Fish and other aquatic biota are hampered by mixtures of pesticides which pollute natural water through agricultural runoff and other sources. Toxicity of combined exposures of endosulfan and imidacloprid on zebrafish in terms of oxidative stress and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage in liver and histological alterations in gills and muscles was investigated. Zebrafish were exposed to three different sub-lethal concentrations of endosulfan and imidacloprid along with control selected for each treatment for 21 days: control treatment (CT), treatment 1 (T1), treatment 2 (T2) and treatment 3 (T3). T1, T2 and T3 groups were exposed to 0.1, 0.5 and 1 μg/L of endosulfan, respectively, while imidacloprid concentration was maintained at 1 ppm in all three treatments. Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Comet assay was applied to measure degree of DNA damage. Dose- and time-dependent decrease in SOD and CAT activity was observed after 21 days of exposure while low concentrations of pesticides induced SOD and CAT activities after early exposure to reduce the oxidative stress. MDA content was found to be increased in T3 having high concentrations of pesticides. Substantial increase in DNA damage was noticed after 21 days' exposure to pesticides. Significant morphological changes were observed in gills relative to muscles.

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Imatinib (STI571) Induces DNA Damage in BCR/ABL-Expressing Leukemic Cells but Not in Normal Lymphocytes.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v104.11.4353.4353 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 104 (11) ◽

pp. 4353-4353

Author(s):

Janusz Blasiak ◽

Jozef Drzewoski ◽

Tomasz Poplawski ◽

Agnieszka Czechowska

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Comet Assay ◽

Human Lymphocytes ◽

Direct Interaction ◽

K562 Cells ◽

Dna Lesions ◽

Dna Glycosylase ◽

Leukemic Cells ◽

Drug Induced ◽

Strand Breaks

Abstract Imatinib (STI571) is a 2-phenylaminopyrimidine derivative used mostly in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia. It targets specifically the BCR/ABL oncogenic tyrosine kinase, inhibiting its activity. Using the alkaline comet assay we showed that STI571 at concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 2 μM induced DNA damage in human leukemic K562 cells expressing the BCR/ABL oncogene, whereas it had no effect in normal human lymphocytes. Because the extent of DNA damage observed in the neutral and pH 12.1 versions of the comet assay was much lesser than in the alkaline version, we concluded that the drug induced DNA alkali-labile sites rather than strand breaks. Imatinib did not induce DNA strand breaks in the direct interaction with DNA as examined by the plasmid relaxation assay. K562 cells were unable to repair H2O2-induced DNA damage during a 120-min incubation, if they had been preincubated with STI571, whereas normal lymphocytes did so within 60 min. Pre-treatment of K562 cells with vitamins A, C and E reduced the extent of DNA damage evoked by STI571. Similar results brought experiments with the nitrone spin traps POBN and PBN, suggesting that free radicals may be involved in the formation of DNA lesions induced by STI571 in K562 cells. These cells exposed to imatinib and treated with endonuclease III, formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase and 3-methyladenine-DNA glycosylase II, the enzymes recognizing oxidized and alkylated bases, displayed greater extent of DNA damage than those not treated with these enzymes.

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Toxicity of naphthalene in the Neotropical Fish Astyanax Lacustris (Characiformes: Characidae) and Geophagus Brasiliensis (Perciformes: Cichlidae)

Evidência - Ciência e Biotecnologia ◽

10.18593/eba.v17i1.12976 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 7-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Geonildo Rodrigo Disner ◽

Sabrina Louise Moraes Calado ◽

Helena Cristina Silva Assis ◽

Marta Margarete Cestari

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Comet Assay ◽

Micronucleus Test ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Neotropical Fish ◽

Compensatory Response ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Geophagus Brasiliensis ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic ◽

Gst Activity

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are one of the most important organic pollutants in environmental studies. The aim of this study was to assess the naphthalene acute toxicity in two fish species, Astyanax lacustris (LLcust, 1875) and Geophagus brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824). The fish were exposed to naphthalene (0.005, 0.03, 0.3, and 3 mgL-1) in water and after that the piscine micronucleus test in erythrocytes, comet assay in blood, liver and gill cells, glutathione S–transferase (GST) activity in the liver, and accumulation of naphthalene in the bile were performed. The susceptibility of the two species was similar and naphthalene was not genotoxic in all tested tissues. The liver GST activity may have been responsible for less damage observed in the liver while the highest DNA damage occurred in blood cells. However, low concentrations of naphthalene in water can stimulate apparent benefits, such as less DNA damage, which would be a compensatory response to an imbalance of homeostasis. The naphthalene is absorbed and can accumulate in the gall bladder, a greater accumulation of PAH was observed in A. lacustris, while G. brasiliensis did not differ from the control. The naphthalene concentrations are not genotoxic to the tested species, although they can potentially accumulate into the body.Keywords: Comet assay. Ecotoxicology. Fish. Genotoxicity. Hormesis.

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Effects of photopolymerisation on genotoxicity of composite adhesives in the comet assay

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr1602617d ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 617-627

Author(s):

Stefan Dacic ◽

Ninoslav Djelic ◽

Milena Radakovic ◽

Nada Lakic ◽

Aleksandar Veselinovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Comet Assay ◽

Human Lymphocytes ◽

Negative Control ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Halogen Lamp ◽

Genotoxic Effects ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Isolated Human Lymphocytes

Certain in vivo studies have shown that the application of adhesives directly onto the open pulp or on a thin layer of dentin causes inflammation and pulpal abscesses. This reaction is related to toxic effects of monomers from adhesives. It has been confirmed that after proper illumination the adhesives become less toxic. The aim of the study was to examine genotoxicity of non-polymerised, partly polymerised and polymerised adhesives on isolated human lymphocytes using the alkaline Comet assay. Adper Single bond2 and Adper Easy One/3M ESPE adhesive photopolymerisation was performed by Elipar Highlight 3M ESPE halogen lamp for 0, 10 and 40 sec, at final concentrations of 100, 200, 500 and 1000 ?g/mL. With both adhesives, photopolymerisation at 0 and 10 seconds showed statistically significant increase in DNA damage in comparision to the negative control (solvent). On the other hand, after 40 seconds of photopolymerisation of both adhesives in all tested concentrations, the degree of DNA damage in Comet assay had no significant difference (P>0.05, ?2 test) compared to the negative control. Therefore, only the 40 seconds of photopolymerisation prevented genotoxic effects of both adhesives in the Comet assay.

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EVALUATION OF CYTOTOXIC AND GENOTOXIC EFFECTS OF ZERUMBONE ON COLON ADENOCARCINOMA COLO205 CELLS AND HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i11.21120 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 92

Author(s):

Rima Thiyam ◽

Mangamoori Lakshmi Narasu

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Cell Death ◽

Comet Assay ◽

Apoptotic Cell ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Human Lymphocytes ◽

Genotoxic Effect ◽

Colorectal Cancer Cell Line ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Ic50 Values

Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the growth inhibitory effect, apoptosis initiation and genotoxic effect of zerumbone (ZER), a phytochemical and cisplatin, a chemotherapeutic drug on human colorectal cancer cell line COLO205 and normal human lymphocytes.Methods: The antiproliferative activity of ZER and cisplatin (positive control) on COLO205 cells and lymphocytes was analysed by 3( 4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2-5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Morphological analysis of the cells was studied by using inverted phase contrast microscope. Propidium iodide staining method was used to observe the apoptotic morphological changes in the treated cells. Finally comet assay was conducted to observe the extent of DNA damage induced by ZER and cisplatin on COLO205 and lymphocytes.Results: ZER and cisplatin exhibited growth inhibition in a dose and time dependent manner against COLO205 with no considerable effect on lymphocytes. The IC50 values of ZER on COLO205 for 24h, 48h and 72h were 19 µg/ml, 10 µg/ml and 5 µg/ml. Comparatively the IC50 values of cisplatin on COLO205 for 24h, 48h and 72h were 38 µg/ml, 24 µg/ml and 15 µg/ml. Morphological changes such as cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing and nuclear condensation were observed in COLO205 while no significant change was observed in lymphocytes. Fluorescence imaging studies confirmed apoptotic cell death in treated COLO205 cells while no significant cell death was observed in treated lymphocytes. Comet assay revealed significant DNA damage in treated COLO205 cells.Conclusion: The present study demonstrated the cytotoxic and genotoxic effect of ZER and cisplatin on COLO205 cells. These drugs showed no significant effect on lymphocytes.

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