A novel approach to estimate postrelease survival for estuarine fishes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Schloesser ◽  
KM Leber ◽  
NP Brennan ◽  
P Caldentey
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Management ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Apparent Survival ◽  
Centropomus Undecimalis ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Effective adaptive management of aquaculture-based fisheries enhancement programs requires iterative feedback on the impact of stocking activities. For estuarine finfishes, postrelease survival is particularly challenging to assess where recapture rates are low or difficult to obtain. We describe a novel approach to assess short-term apparent survival of hatchery-reared fish stocked into open estuarine systems and address postrelease behavioral states to quantify weekly survival of common snook (Centropomus undecimalis) after one year of monitoring. Following a weekly spatial and temporal replicate-release design for two experimental releases, 1922 juvenile snook (133–281 mm fork length) were marked with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags and released among two regions of Phillippi Creek, Florida. Marine-adapted PIT tag antenna arrays detected 79% of released individuals and provided daily resighting histories for analysis with multistate mark-recapture models. Resighting histories were best explained by short-term differences in apparent survival among the first few weeks, and long-term patterns in detectability driven by residency behaviors. Weekly apparent survival rates increased from between 0.25 and 0.52 after the first week to >0.9 after week five. Fork length positively influenced survival for both releases and water height positively influenced detectability for the fall release. The highest survival was observed for individuals released in lower Phillippi Creek in the spring, suggesting lower reaches of tidal creek systems provide ideal release locations for juvenile snook. Further application of this approach will help refine optimal release locations, times, and procedures, promote adaptive management of enhancement programs, and maximize the benefits of strategic, science-based stocking on receiving populations.

scholarly journals Restoring Democracy to the Workplace? An Analysis of Union Membership Patters Before and After the Employment Contracts Act

1970 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Cregan ◽  
Chris Rudd ◽  
Stewart Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
Union Membership ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Employment Contracts ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Before And After ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigates the impact of the Employment Contracts Act on trade union membership. Two separate surveys of labour market participants lvere conducted in Dunedin on the eve of the legislation and one year later. The findings demonstrated that for these samples, trade union membership in aggregate was not based on compulsion before the legislation and remained at a similar level a year later. Democracy was not restored to the workplace it was already apparent there. This implies that changes in the industrial relations system had already taken place prior to the legislation and it is suggested that these findings are explicable if the effect of the exigencies of the recession on both parries is taken account of In the ensuing discussion, reasons for the persistence of the same level of union membership after the legislation were considered. It was demonstrated that most members li'anted the union to act as their bargaining agent and felt few pressures regarding their choice of employment contract. In other words, employers did not utilise the provisions of the Act to weaken union membership, at least in the short term.

scholarly journals Beyond Short-Term Learning Gains: The Impact of Outsourcing Schools in Liberia After Three Years

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Romero ◽  
Justin Sandefur
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Child Safety ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Learning Gains ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Results

Abstract Outsourcing the management of ninety-three randomly-selected government primary schools in Liberia to eight private operators led to learning gains of .18σ after one year, but these effects plateaued in subsequent years (reaching .2σ after three years). Beyond learning gains, the program reduced corporal punishment (by 4.6 percentage points from a base of 51%), but increased dropout (by 3.3 percentage points from a base of 15%) and failed to reduce sexual abuse. Despite facing similar contracts and settings, some providers produced uniformly positive results, while others present trade-offs between learning gains, access to education, child safety, and financial sustainability.

scholarly journals Amplitude Modulated Noise for Tinnitus Suppression in Tonal and Noise-Like Tinnitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 309-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Schoisswohl ◽  
Johannes Arnds ◽  
Martin Schecklmann ◽  
Berthold Langguth ◽  
Winfried Schlee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Past Research ◽  
Acoustic Stimulation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
Residual Inhibition ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Background: The phenomenon of short-term tinnitus suppression by different forms of acoustic stimulation is referred to as residual inhibition (RI). RI can be triggered in the majority of tinnitus cases and was found to be depending on the used intensity, length or types of sounds. Past research already stressed the impact of noise stimulation as well as the superiority of amplitude modulated (AM) pure tones at the individual tinnitus frequency for RI in tonal tinnitus. Recently a novel approach for the determination of noise-like tinnitus characteristics was proposed. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether in participants with noise-like tinnitus RI can be increased by AM noise stimuli according to the individual tinnitus frequency range. Methods: For this purpose the individual tinnitus characteristics (noise-like and tonal tinnitus) of 29 people affected by tinnitus (mean age = 55.59, 7 females, mean tinnitus duration = 159.97 months) were assessed via customizable noise-band matching. The objective was to generate bandpass filtered stimuli according to the individual tinnitus sound (individualized bandpass filtered [IBP] sounds). Subsequently, various stimuli differing in bandpass filtering and AM were tested with respect to their potential to induce RI. Participants were acoustically stimulated with 7 different types of stimuli for 3 min each and had to rate the loudness of their tinnitus after each stimuli. Results: Results indicate a general efficacy of noise stimuli for the temporary suppression of tinnitus, but no significant differences between AM and unmodulated IBP. Significantly better effects were observed for the subgroup with noise-like tinnitus (n = 14), especially directly after stimulation offset. Conclusions: The study at hand provides further insights in potential mechanisms behind RI for different types of tinnitus. Beyond that, derived principles may qualify for new or extend current tinnitus sound therapies.

HIV outcomes at a Canadian remand centre

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yazhini Subramanian ◽  
Muhammad Naeem Khan ◽  
Sara Berger ◽  
Michelle Foisy ◽  
Ameeta Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Care ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Virologic Suppression ◽  
Art Adherence ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Content Type ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of short-term incarceration on antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, virologic suppression, and engagement and retention in community care post-release. Design/methodology/approach A retrospective chart review of patients who attended the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Outreach Clinic at a Canadian remand center between September 2007 and December 2011 was carried out. Data extraction included CD4 lymphocyte count, HIV viral load, ART prescription refills, and community engagement and retention during and one-year pre- and post-incarceration. Findings Outpatient engagement increased by 23 percent (p=0.01), as did ART adherence (55.2-70.7 percent, p=0.01), following incarceration. Retention into community care did not significantly improve following incarceration (22.4 percent pre-incarceration to 25.9 percent post-release, p=0.8). There was a trend toward improved virologic suppression (less than 40 copies/ml; 50-77.8 percent (p=0.08)) during incarceration and 70. 4 percent sustained this one-year post-incarceration (p=0.70). Originality/value The impact of short-term incarceration in a Canadian context of universal health coverage has not been previously reported and could have significant implications in optimizing HIV patient outcomes given the large number of HIV-positive patients cycling through short-term remand centers.

scholarly journals Long-Term and Short-Term Effects of Hemodialysis on Liver Function Evaluated Using the Galactose Single-Point Test

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Chou Hou ◽  
Wen-Chih Liu ◽  
Min-Tser Liao ◽  
Kuo-Cheng Lu ◽  
Lan Lo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Liver Blood Flow ◽  
Hepatic Clearance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Before And After ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mean Time

Aim. The galactose single-point (GSP) test assesses functioning liver mass by measuring the galactose concentration in the blood 1 hour after its administration. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of hemodialysis (HD) on short-term and long-term liver function by use of GSP test.Methods. Seventy-four patients on maintenance HD (46 males and 28 females, 60.38 ± 11.86 years) with a mean time on HD of 60.77 ± 48.31 months were studied. The GSP values were compared in two groups: (1) before and after single session HD, and (2) after one year of maintenance HD.Results. Among the 74 HD patient, only the post-HD Cr levels and years on dialysis were significantly correlated with GSP values (r=0.280,P<0.05andr=-0.240,P<0.05, resp.). 14 of 74 patients were selected for GSP evaluation before and after a single HD session, and the hepatic clearance of galactose was similar (pre-HD 410 ± 254 g/mL, post-HD 439 ± 298 g/mL,P=0.49). GSP values decreased from 420.20 ± 175.26 g/mL to 383.40 ± 153.97 g/mL after 1 year maintenance HD in other 15 patients (mean difference: 19.00 ± 37.66 g/mL,P<0.05).Conclusions. Patients on maintenance HD for several years may experience improvement of their liver function. However, a single HD session does not affect liver function significantly as assessed by the GSP test. Since the metabolism of galactose is dependent on liver blood flow and hepatic functional mass, further studies are needed.

Impact of Highway Metrication on Traffic Accidents and Long-Term Trends in Vehicle Speeds for Roads with Resultant Increased Speed Limits

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-507
Author(s):  
MICHAEL L. MATTHEWS
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Traffic Patterns ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Accident Rate ◽  
Safety Hazard ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Accident Statistics

The impact of metrication of roadside speed signs upon vehicle speeds was investigated for four different road types using concealed roadside radar. The study was conducted one year after metrication to determine whether there were any long-term changes in traffic patterns in addition to the short-term influences reported previously. There was no evidence for any tendency for drivers to increase traveled speed on roads for which metrication resulted in an increase in the speed limit. Analysis of accident statistics for the month following metrication revealed no significant increase in accident rate over that projected from nine-year accident trends. It is concluded that highway metrication does not present the safety hazard suggested by critics of the metrication program.

Anxiety and Depression in Patients Receiving Implanted Cardioverter-Defibrillators: A Longitudinal Investigation

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark T. Hegel ◽  
Lori E. Griegel ◽  
Carolyn Black ◽  
Lisa Goulden ◽  
Tomas Ozahowski
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Shock Onset ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Objective: The implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) has dramatically improved survival rates following sudden cardiac death episodes. However, researchers have devoted little attention to the psychosocial consequences of living with the device. The current study used a longitudinal design to evaluate the impact of adaptation to the ICD on incidence and severity of anxiety and depression. Method: ICD recipients were administered standardized anxiety and depression questionnaires as well as questions evaluating quality of life related to the ICD in two consecutive yearly assessments. A preliminary evaluation of potentially important theoretical variables, such as the perceived predictability and controllability of shock onset was also conducted. Results: One-third of the study population ( N = 38) had clinically significant levels of anxiety, depressed mood, and fear of symptoms of autonomic arousal. These negative affective states persisted over time, with 40 to 63 percent of subjects continuing to have ongoing difficulties over a one-year time period. Anxiety about the ICD firing was closely associated with the occurrence of depression, while avoidance of activities was associated with anxiety. “Worry” about the ICD and a belief that ICD firing can be predicted were associated with anxiety sensitivity. Conclusions: Depressive and anxiety states in ICD recipients may be frequent, clinically significant, and resistant to spontaneous resolution. Early signs of anxiety and depression in ICD recipients should be evaluated. Implications for future research are discussed.

Esophageal Atresia: Future Directions for Research on the Digestive Tract

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (04) ◽  
pp. 306-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Rommel ◽  
Jan Tack ◽  
Jan Deprest ◽  
Karel Allegaert ◽  
Maissa Rayyan
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Esophageal Atresia ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Experimental Animal Models ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Medical Morbidity ◽  
Function Assessment

AbstractEsophageal atresia (EA) is a congenital malformation defined by the discontinuity of the esophagus occurring in 2.4 in 10,000 births. As survival rates are high, the significant medical morbidity became more relevant. Short-term and long-term morbidities involve the respiratory and gastrointestinal system in the majority of the patients. The impact of this morbidity seems large enough to inspire researchers to develop experimental animal models that may help understanding the pathogenesis and pathophysiology. These models can also be used to explore potential surgical therapies. We reviewed the clinical and experimental literature focusing on esophageal morbidity in EA. Although the consequences of esophageal motility disorders are very relevant in the clinical setting, research remains largely underexplored. Consequently, we suggest integrating motility function assessment in the existing research models.

scholarly journals Is subjective knowledge the key to fostering Sustainable behavior? Mixed evidence from an education intervention in Mexico.

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Redman
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Change ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Declarative Knowledge ◽  
Education Intervention ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Subjective Knowledge ◽  
Sustainable Behavior ◽  
Using Data ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Educational interventions are a promising way to shift individual behaviorstowards Sustainability. Yet as this research confirms, the standard fare ofeducation, declarative knowledge, does not work. This study statisticallyanalyzes the impact of an intervention designed and implemented in Mexicousing the *Educating for Sustainability (EfS) *framework which focuses onimparting procedural and subjective knowledge about waste throughinnovative pedagogy. Using data from three different rounds of surveys wewere able to confirm 1) the importance of subjective and proceduralknowledge for Sustainable behavior in a new context, 2) the effectivenessof the *EfS* framework and 3) the importance of *changing* subjectiveknowledge for changing behavior. Yet, while the impact was significant inthe short term, one year later most if not all of those gains hadevaporated. Interventions targeted at subjective knowledge will work, butmore research is needed on how to make behavior change for Sustainabilitydurable.

scholarly journals Combination chemotherapy consisting of irinotecan, etoposide, and carboplatin (IREC) for refractory or relapsed neuroblastoma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Imaya ◽  
Hideki Muramatsu ◽  
Atsushi Narita ◽  
Ayako Yamamori ◽  
Manabu Wakamatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Ugt1a1 Gene ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Related Mortality

Background: Patients with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma have a poor prognosis; there are limited effective and safe rescue chemotherapies for these patients. Development of new chemotherapy regimens for these patients is a key imperative. Procedure: We retrospectively analyzed patients with refractory or relapsed neuroblastoma who received irinotecan, etoposide, and carboplatin (IREC) as a second-line treatment for neuroblastoma. We evaluated the therapeutic response, toxicity, and survival outcomes. We also assessed the impact of UGT1A1 gene polymorphisms, which are involved in irinotecan metabolism, on the outcomes and toxicity. Results: A total of 131 cycles of IREC were administered to 43 patients with a median of two cycles per patient (range, 1–10). All patients were classified as high-risk (International Neuroblastoma Risk Group). Seven patients had relapsed before IREC. One patient (2%) showed partial response and 37 patients (86%) developed stable disease (disease control rate: 88%). Grade IV neutropenia was observed in 127 cycles (97%), while ≥ grade III gastrointestinal toxicity was observed in 3 cycles (2%). There was no IREC-related mortality. The one-year overall survival and progression-free survival rates were 65% and 52%, respectively. Patients with UGT1A1 polymorphisms showed a higher frequency of grade IV neutropenia; however, there was no increase in treatment-related mortality or nonhematological toxicity in these patients. Patients with UGT1A1 gene polymorphisms showed better one-year survival rate than the wild type (80% vs. 44%, p = 0.012). Conclusions: This study suggests that IREC is well-tolerated by patients with UGT1A1 polymorphisms and is a promising second-line chemotherapy for refractory/relapsed neuroblastoma.

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