scholarly journals Amplitude Modulated Noise for Tinnitus Suppression in Tonal and Noise-Like Tinnitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 309-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Schoisswohl ◽  
Johannes Arnds ◽  
Martin Schecklmann ◽  
Berthold Langguth ◽  
Winfried Schlee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Past Research ◽  
Acoustic Stimulation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
Residual Inhibition ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Background: The phenomenon of short-term tinnitus suppression by different forms of acoustic stimulation is referred to as residual inhibition (RI). RI can be triggered in the majority of tinnitus cases and was found to be depending on the used intensity, length or types of sounds. Past research already stressed the impact of noise stimulation as well as the superiority of amplitude modulated (AM) pure tones at the individual tinnitus frequency for RI in tonal tinnitus. Recently a novel approach for the determination of noise-like tinnitus characteristics was proposed. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether in participants with noise-like tinnitus RI can be increased by AM noise stimuli according to the individual tinnitus frequency range. Methods: For this purpose the individual tinnitus characteristics (noise-like and tonal tinnitus) of 29 people affected by tinnitus (mean age = 55.59, 7 females, mean tinnitus duration = 159.97 months) were assessed via customizable noise-band matching. The objective was to generate bandpass filtered stimuli according to the individual tinnitus sound (individualized bandpass filtered [IBP] sounds). Subsequently, various stimuli differing in bandpass filtering and AM were tested with respect to their potential to induce RI. Participants were acoustically stimulated with 7 different types of stimuli for 3 min each and had to rate the loudness of their tinnitus after each stimuli. Results: Results indicate a general efficacy of noise stimuli for the temporary suppression of tinnitus, but no significant differences between AM and unmodulated IBP. Significantly better effects were observed for the subgroup with noise-like tinnitus (n = 14), especially directly after stimulation offset. Conclusions: The study at hand provides further insights in potential mechanisms behind RI for different types of tinnitus. Beyond that, derived principles may qualify for new or extend current tinnitus sound therapies.

scholarly journals aMpLiTuDe MoDuLaTeD noise for tinnitus suppression in tonal and noise-like tinnitus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Schoisswohl ◽  
J. Arnds ◽  
M. Schecklmann ◽  
B. Langguth ◽  
W. Schlee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Acoustic Stimulation ◽  
Potential Treatment ◽  
Noise Band ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
Residual Inhibition ◽  
The Individual

AbstractBackgroundAcoustic stimulation offers a potential treatment approach for tinnitus but also in-sights in its basic mechanisms by short-term tinnitus suppression called residual inhibition (RI). The effects of RI were found to be depending on intensity, length or sound types covering the individual tinnitus characteristics. In patients with tonal tinnitus RI was increased with amplitude modulated (AM) pure tones at the individual tinnitus frequency while the effects of modulated noise sounds have not been systematically researched.ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to investigate whether in patients with noise-like tinnitus RI can be increased by AM noise-like stimuli according to the individual tinnitus frequency range.MethodsFor this purpose the individual tinnitus characteristics (noise-like and tonal tinnitus) were assessed via customizable noise-band matching, in order to generate bandpass filtered stimuli according to the individual tinnitus sound (individualized bandpass filtered sounds; IBP). Subsequent, various stimuli differing in bandpass filtering and AM were tested with respect to their potential to induce RI. Patients were acoustically stimulated with seven different types of stimuli for three minutes each and had to rate the loudness of their tinnitus after each stimuli.ResultsResults indicate a general efficacy of noise stimuli for the temporary suppression of tinnitus, but no significant differences between AM and unmodulated IBP. Significantly better effects were observed for the subgroup with noise-like tinnitus (n=14), especially directly after stimulation offset.ConclusionsThe study at hand provides further insights in potential mechanisms behind RI for different types of tinnitus. Beyond that, derived principles may qualify for new or extend current tinnitus sound therapies.

scholarly journals Investigating Greenland's glaciers

1990 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
A Weidick
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Glacier Fluctuations ◽  
Glacier Changes ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Global Sea Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Investigations of Greenland's glaciers undertaken by GGU are primarily related to the exploitation of meltwater from the Inland lce and local glaciers in western Greenland, i.e. they are essentially related to glacier hydrology (Olesen & Braithwaite, 1989). The studies are therefore based on mass balance data combined with investigations of superglacial melt/refreezing and the determination of the internal mode of drainage. Related to this work is the documentation of short-term glacier changes at specific localities identified as being of special interest for hydropower from the point of view of glacier hazards, i.e. for example damage caused by tapping of ice dammed lakes or change of proglacial draining caused by change in the glacier's thickness and extent. Similar documentation of long-term glacier fluctuations provides a background for control and modelling of past glacier fluctuations. The procedures have a direct bearing on the calculation of scenarios for future events related to the individual localities or, in a regional sense, to the impact of changes in Greenland glaciers on global sea level (the 'greenhouse effect’).

Determination of allostatic load dynamics in the assessment of adaptation in temporary workers in the Arctic

2020 ◽  
pp. 547-548
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Atkov ◽  
S. G. Gorokhova
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Temporary Workers ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Adaptation ◽  
The Individual

The individual dynamics of the allostatic load index was revealed mainly due to changes in the glucose level, body mass index, which makes it applicable for assessing the short-term adaptation to the stay in the conditions of shift work

Comprehensive Effects of Short-Term Rental Platforms Across Hotel Types in U.S. and International Destinations

2021 ◽  
pp. 193896552110335
Author(s):  
John W. O’Neill ◽  
Jihwan Yeon
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Competitive Market ◽  
Substitution Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hotel Performance ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Location Type ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, short-term rental platforms in the lodging sector, including Airbnb, VRBO, and HomeAway, have received extensive attention and emerged as potentially alternative suppliers of services traditionally provided by established commercial accommodation providers, that is, hotels. Short-term rentals have dramatically increased the available supply of rooms for visitors to multiple international destinations, potentially siphoning demand away from hotels to short-term rental businesses. In a competitive market, an increase in supply with constant demand would negatively influence incumbent service providers. In this article, we examine the substitution effects of short-term rental supply on hotel performance in different cities around the world. Specifically, we comprehensively investigate the substitution effects of short-term rental supply on hotel performance based on hotel class, location type, and region. Furthermore, we segment the short-term rental supply based on its types of accommodations, that is, shared rooms, private rooms, and entire homes, and both examine and quantify the differential effects of these types of short-term rentals on different types of hotels. This study offers a comprehensive analysis regarding the impact of multiple short-term rental platforms on hotel performance and offers both conceptual and practical insights regarding the nature and extent of the effects that were identified.

scholarly journals Susceptibility to Residual Inhibition Is Associated With Hearing Loss and Tinnitus Chronicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 233121652098630
Author(s):  
S. Hu ◽  
L. Anschuetz ◽  
D. A. Hall ◽  
M. Caversaccio ◽  
W. Wimmer
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Acoustic Stimulation ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Band Noise ◽  
Comparator Group ◽  
Residual Inhibition ◽  
Subject Comparison

Residual inhibition, that is, the temporary suppression of tinnitus loudness after acoustic stimulation, is a frequently observed phenomenon that may have prognostic value for clinical applications. However, it is unclear in which subjects residual inhibition is more likely and how stable the effect of inhibition is over multiple repetitions. The primary aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of hearing loss and tinnitus chronicity on residual inhibition susceptibility. The secondary aim was to investigate the short-term repeatability of residual inhibition. Residual inhibition was assessed in 74 tinnitus subjects with 60-second narrow-band noise stimuli in 10 consecutive trials. The subjects were assigned to groups according to their depth of suppression (substantial residual inhibition vs. comparator group). In addition, a categorization in normal hearing and hearing loss groups, related to the degree of hearing loss at the frequency corresponding to the tinnitus pitch, was made. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with susceptibility to residual inhibition. Repeatability of residual inhibition was assessed using mixed-effects ordinal regression including poststimulus time and repetitions as factors. Tinnitus chronicity was not associated with residual inhibition for subjects with hearing loss, while a statistically significant negative association between tinnitus chronicity and residual inhibition susceptibility was observed in normal hearing subjects (odds ratio: 0.63; p = .0076). Moreover, repeated states of suppression can be stably induced, reinforcing the use of residual inhibition for within-subject comparison studies.

scholarly journals Integration of different-quality data in short-term mining planning

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Paixão Araújo ◽  
João Felipe Coimbra Leite Costa
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Exploration ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Imprecise Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Block Models ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Block Distribution ◽  
Ordinary Cokriging

AbstractDecisions, from mineral exploration to mining operations, are based on grade block models obtained from samples. This study evaluates the impact of using imprecise data in short-term planning. The exhaustive Walker Lake dataset is used and is considered as the source for obtaining the true grades. Initially, samples are obtained from the exhaustive dataset at regularly spaced grids of 20 × 20 m and 5 × 5 m. A relative error (imprecision) of ±25% and a 10% bias are added to the data spaced at 5 × 5 m (short-term geological data) in different scenarios. To combine these different types of data, two methodologies are investigated: cokriging and ordinary kriging. Both types of data are used to estimate blocks with the two methodologies. The grade tonnage curves and swath plots are used to compare the results against the true block grade distribution. In addition, the block misclassification is evaluated. The results show that standardized ordinary cokriging is a better methodology for imprecise and biased data and produces estimates closer to the true grade block distribution, reducing block misclassification.

Quantifying Office Productivity: An Ergonomic Framework

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (13) ◽  
pp. 974-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Hedge
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Task Time ◽  
Ergonomic Interventions ◽  
The Impact

An ergonomic framework for conceptualizing and measuring office productivity is described. This framework is based on the the analysis of task time, posture and sequence, and the subsequent the determination of the most appropriate pace, posture, and activities for any office job. The framework assesses various measures of pace, proficiency, and posture that currently can be readily assessed by ergonomists, and it uses these measures to quantify the short-term duty cycle productivity (DCP) and in the longer-term life-cycle productivity (LCP) of office workers. The approach that will be described allows companies to evaluate the impact of ergonomic interventions on the productivity of their workers. The benefits of this ergonomic approach to assessing productivity are discussed.

scholarly journals Expressionism in European and Chinese painting (late XIX – early XXI centuries)

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-46
Author(s):  
Jitai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Chinese Painting ◽  
Oil Painting ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the impact of Chinese traditional painting upon the formation of Western expressionism, as well as interprets the influence of Western expressionism upon Chinese painting in expressionist manner of different periods. The author reveals the mutual influence, similarities and differences between Western expressionism and Chinese painting in expressionist manner, Chinese imagery oil painting, Chinese colored ink painting, and Chinese imagery painting in Western style. Based on correlation between the spiritual ideology of painting and artistic form, the author carries out a comparative analysis of spiritual and formal factors of Chinese and Western painting systems for the purpose of determination of their mutual influence, and how it affects the emergence of new concepts in painting. The structure of brush stroke of the artist defines his aesthetic spirit. The article determines the “cyclic” nature of interinfluence processes between Chinese and Western painting systems that stimulate the development of human civilization. The analysis of corresponding cultural factors allows assessing the individual artistic characteristics of painting. Both, Chinese and Western painting systems entered the period when spiritual ideology of painting interacts with the artistic forms, opening the era of “globalization” of the language of painting.

Experimental analysis of cell pattern on grid fin aerodynamics in subsonic flow

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-562
Author(s):  
Manish Tripathi ◽  
Mahesh M Sucheendran ◽  
Ajay Misra
Keyword(s):  
Subsonic Flow ◽  
Lift Coefficient ◽  
Aerodynamic Performance ◽  
Aerodynamic Efficiency ◽  
Grid Fin ◽  
Stall Angle ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Control Surfaces

Grid fins consisting of a lattice of high aspect ratio planar members encompassed by an outer frame are unconventional control surfaces used on numerous missiles and bombs due to their enhanced lifting characteristics at high angles of attack and across wider Mach number regimes. The current paper accomplishes and compares the effect of different grid fin patterns on subsonic flow aerodynamics of grid fins by virtue of the determination of their respective aerodynamic forces. Furthermore, this study deliberates the impact of gap variation on aerodynamics of different patterns. Results enunciate enhanced aerodynamic efficiency, and lift slope for web-fin cells and single diamond patterns compared to the baseline model. Moreover, the study indicates improved aerodynamic performance for diamond patterns with higher gaps by providing elevated maximum lift coefficient, delayed stall angle, and comparable drag at lower angles. The study established the presence of an additional effect termed as the inclination effect alongside the cascade effect leading to deviations with respect to lift, stall, and aerodynamic efficiency amongst different gap variants of the individual patterns. Thus, optimization based on the aerodynamic efficiency, stall angle requirements, and construction cost by optimum pattern and gap selection can be carried out through this analysis, which can lead to elevated aerodynamic performance for grid fins.

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