Anxiety and Depression in Patients Receiving Implanted Cardioverter-Defibrillators: A Longitudinal Investigation

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark T. Hegel ◽  
Lori E. Griegel ◽  
Carolyn Black ◽  
Lisa Goulden ◽  
Tomas Ozahowski
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Shock Onset ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Objective: The implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) has dramatically improved survival rates following sudden cardiac death episodes. However, researchers have devoted little attention to the psychosocial consequences of living with the device. The current study used a longitudinal design to evaluate the impact of adaptation to the ICD on incidence and severity of anxiety and depression. Method: ICD recipients were administered standardized anxiety and depression questionnaires as well as questions evaluating quality of life related to the ICD in two consecutive yearly assessments. A preliminary evaluation of potentially important theoretical variables, such as the perceived predictability and controllability of shock onset was also conducted. Results: One-third of the study population ( N = 38) had clinically significant levels of anxiety, depressed mood, and fear of symptoms of autonomic arousal. These negative affective states persisted over time, with 40 to 63 percent of subjects continuing to have ongoing difficulties over a one-year time period. Anxiety about the ICD firing was closely associated with the occurrence of depression, while avoidance of activities was associated with anxiety. “Worry” about the ICD and a belief that ICD firing can be predicted were associated with anxiety sensitivity. Conclusions: Depressive and anxiety states in ICD recipients may be frequent, clinically significant, and resistant to spontaneous resolution. Early signs of anxiety and depression in ICD recipients should be evaluated. Implications for future research are discussed.

Te Ara Waiora a Tāne: a kaupapa Māori mental-health assessment and intervention planning approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-340
Author(s):  
Allister Bush ◽  
Whetu Campbell ◽  
Maire Ransfield
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Planning Approach ◽  
Kaupapa Māori ◽  
Intervention Planning ◽  
Engagement Assessment ◽  
One Year ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
The Impact

Objective: The aims of this paper are to describe a Māori approach to assessment and intervention planning using the Māori creation narrative Te Ara a Tāne (The Journey of Tāne) and to outline an evaluation one year after the model was implemented. Conclusions: Te Ara Waiora a Tāne is a kaupapa Māori (Māori-centred) mental-health engagement, assessment, goal setting and planning approach designed to enhance the mana (spiritual and personal authority) of whānau (individuals and family/families) at the point they enter a Māori service and during ongoing mental-health work. Preliminary evaluation indicated that staff considered the model user-friendly and helpful for whānau. Further evaluation is needed to assess the impact of this approach on Māori whānau engagement with services.

Mother and Father Controlling Feeding Behaviors and Associations With Observed Mealtime Family Functioning

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1174-1183
Author(s):  
Sarah C Westen ◽  
Tarrah B Mitchell ◽  
Sarah Mayer-Brown ◽  
Alana Resmini Rawlinson ◽  
Ke Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Functioning ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Feeding Behaviors ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Preschool Aged Children

Abstract Objective Mealtime family functioning is important in shaping health behaviors associated with overweight/obesity, particularly for preschool-aged children. Parental controlling feeding behaviors (i.e., restriction and pressure to eat), may impact mealtime family functioning and thus be targets of prevention and intervention efforts. The current study aimed to address literature gaps by examining both mother and father self-reports of controlling feeding behaviors, and the discrepancies between parents’ reports. Further, the study examined the associations among controlling feeding behaviors and objective mealtime family functioning in a community sample of preschool-aged children. Methods The sample included 27 children between 2 and 6 years of age and their immediate family members. Two mealtimes were videotaped for each family and coded for family functioning using the Mealtime Interaction Coding System, and self-reports of feeding practices were collected using the Child Feeding Questionnaire. Results Mother controlling feeding behaviors were not significantly related to any mealtime family functioning domain. Father controlling feeding behaviors were only significantly related to interpersonal involvement. However, discrepancies in the use of controlling feeding behaviors accounted for nearly one fourth of the variance in overall family functioning and affect management, with greater discrepancies being related to poorer family functioning. Conclusions Interventions may be designed to reduce parental discrepancies in the use of controlling feeding behaviors. Future research should consider longitudinal design, using larger, more representative samples, to better understand the impact of parental controlling feeding behaviors, particularly the impact of parental discrepancies in these areas, on mealtime family functioning and subsequent health outcomes.

Examining the Impact of the SDLMI and Whose Future Is It? Over a Two-Year Period With Students With Intellectual Disability

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karrie A. Shogren ◽  
Tyler A. Hicks ◽  
Kathryn M. Burke ◽  
Anthony Antosh ◽  
Terri LaPlante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
First Year ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Nonlinear Growth ◽  
Intensive Intervention ◽  
Cluster Randomized ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine self-determination outcome data in the year following a one-year cluster randomized controlled trial (C-RCT) comparing the impacts of a Self-Determined Learning Model of Instruction (SDLMI) only condition to a SDLMI + Whose Future Is It? (SDLMI + WF) condition. Using multilevel B-spline model analysis with Bayesian estimation, we examined ongoing patterns of growth after the trial ended and all students were exposed to SDLMI + WF. The findings suggest that the inclusion of an additional year of outcome data provided additional insight into the impact of more intensive intervention conditions over time. Specifically, after the initial year of implementation, the SDLMI + WF condition predicted greater annual gains than the SDLMI only condition, unlike findings in the first year which reflected the opposite pattern. This evidence suggests a nonlinear growth pattern over multiple years of intervention with more intensive interventions. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.

Families Matter: A Cross-Sectional Study of Parent and Child Mental Health During COVID-19 (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsa Friis ◽  
Savannah R. Erwin ◽  
Jasmine Daniel ◽  
Rebecca Egger ◽  
Helen Egger
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Emotional Challenges ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mental Health Challenges ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Caregiver Anxiety ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Child Caregiver

BACKGROUND Background: The pandemic has disrupted all aspects of children’s lives and has increased children’s exposure to adversity and traumas known to increase the risk of mental health challenges. Recent studies have reported increased rates of mental health challenges in youth during the pandemic, yet few studies have examined the impact of the pandemic on the mental health of toddlers, preschoolers, and elementary school-age children. The pandemic has also adversely impacted caregiver mental health and other indirect factors, including economic instability, known to increase children’s risk for impairing mental health challenges. OBJECTIVE Objective: This study aimed to characterize the social-emotional challenges of children ages 2 to 12 years old during the pandemic and identify modifiable child, caregiver, and family-related risk factors that contribute to risk and are additional targets for intervention. METHODS Methods: Caregivers (N = 676) of children ages 2-12 completed an online survey in early fall 2021 using standardized screening tools to assess child social-emotional challenges and caregiver anxiety and depression. We used a new 16 scale to assess the impact of the pandemic at the child, caregiver, and family levels. We used hierarchical linear regression and logistic regression to explore the relationship between children’s mental health and caregivers’ mental health. We used path analysis to explore direct and indirect effects of the impact of pandemic stress on child emotional and peer challenges, mediated by caregiver anxiety and depression. RESULTS Results: Eighty-seven percent of the children were ages 2-8 years old (n=588) with 13% (n=88) between 9-12 years old. Caregivers endorsed significant child emotional and peer challenges with 80% (n = 536) of children at risk for clinically-significant emotional challenges and 57% (n = 388) at risk for clinically-significant peer social challenges. Emotional challenges increased with age (r = .20, P <.001). 50% (n=330) of caregivers screened positive for generalized anxiety and 24% (n=160) screened positive for depression. Cumulative COVID-19 impact was directly associated with increased child emotional challenges (r=.29, P<.001), peer challenges (r=.29, P<.001), caregiver anxiety (r = .32, P<.001), and caregiver depression (r = .42, P<.001). Caregiver anxiety accounted for 31% of the total effect of COVID-19 impact on child emotional challenges and 18% of the total effect on peer challenges. CONCLUSIONS Conclusions: The results of our study show that the COVID-19 pandemic is having direct and indirect adverse impacts on the social-emotional health of children ages 2 to 12 years old with impacts on very young children similar to impacts for older children. Only with an integrated, family-focused approach that includes young children will we be able to mitigate the current pediatric mental health crisis. CLINICALTRIAL n/a

The Impact of Anxiety and Depression on the Outcomes of Chronic Low Back Pain Multidisciplinary Pain Management—A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study in Pain Clinics with One-Year Follow-up

Pain Medicine ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 736-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Santos Oliveira ◽  
Liliane Vélia Ferreira Mendonça ◽  
Rute Sofia Monteiro Sampaio ◽  
José Manuel Pereira Dias de Castro-Lopes ◽  
Luís Filipe Ribeiro de Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Pain Clinics ◽  
Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
One Year ◽  
Multidisciplinary Pain Management ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Multicenter Prospective Cohort

A novel approach to estimate postrelease survival for estuarine fishes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Schloesser ◽  
KM Leber ◽  
NP Brennan ◽  
P Caldentey
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Management ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Apparent Survival ◽  
Centropomus Undecimalis ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Effective adaptive management of aquaculture-based fisheries enhancement programs requires iterative feedback on the impact of stocking activities. For estuarine finfishes, postrelease survival is particularly challenging to assess where recapture rates are low or difficult to obtain. We describe a novel approach to assess short-term apparent survival of hatchery-reared fish stocked into open estuarine systems and address postrelease behavioral states to quantify weekly survival of common snook (Centropomus undecimalis) after one year of monitoring. Following a weekly spatial and temporal replicate-release design for two experimental releases, 1922 juvenile snook (133–281 mm fork length) were marked with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags and released among two regions of Phillippi Creek, Florida. Marine-adapted PIT tag antenna arrays detected 79% of released individuals and provided daily resighting histories for analysis with multistate mark-recapture models. Resighting histories were best explained by short-term differences in apparent survival among the first few weeks, and long-term patterns in detectability driven by residency behaviors. Weekly apparent survival rates increased from between 0.25 and 0.52 after the first week to >0.9 after week five. Fork length positively influenced survival for both releases and water height positively influenced detectability for the fall release. The highest survival was observed for individuals released in lower Phillippi Creek in the spring, suggesting lower reaches of tidal creek systems provide ideal release locations for juvenile snook. Further application of this approach will help refine optimal release locations, times, and procedures, promote adaptive management of enhancement programs, and maximize the benefits of strategic, science-based stocking on receiving populations.

A Randomized Control Trial of a Targeted High-Risk Offender Program Across Three Jurisdictions

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig D. Uchida ◽  
Marc Swatt ◽  
Julie Schnobrich-Davis ◽  
Christine Connor ◽  
Mariel Shutinya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Records Management ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Focused Deterrence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

This study reviews findings from Project Regional Analytics for the Safety of Our Residents, a modified focused deterrence program operated across three jurisdictions in Massachusetts. Unlike most other evaluations of targeted high-risk offender programs, the impact on individual-level offending is examined. Data from records management systems in three police agencies were extracted and used to create social harm risk scores. The top 150 offenders were selected for inclusion in this study. Subjects were blocked into three groups according to their composite score and then randomly assigned into treatment and control groups. All treatment group offenders were invited to a notification meeting where they decided whether to participate in the program with a police and social worker case management team. The outcome examined in this study is time to a new arraignment. Nonparametric and semiparametric methods detected no significant difference between groups after approximately one year. Implications for future research and practice are then discussed.

scholarly journals The Emotional Experience behind Sexually Offending in Context

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoit Leclerc ◽  
Marie Rosenkrantz Lindegaard
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Sexual Crime ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Crime Event

Objectives: The current study focused on the role of affective states in adult sexual offending. We look at the prevalence of a range of affective states throughout sexual crime events. We break down the crime event into three stages—immediately before, during, and after the offense. We examine transitions of affective states—stage by stage—but also across victims. Finally, we investigate the impact of situational factors on affective states. Method: The sample consisted of a total of 553 adult males who had been convicted of a sexual offense. Self-report data on sexual crime events were collected from these offenders. Apart from descriptive and bivariate analysis, “affective state-switching patterns” are investigated through transition matrices. Results: Findings show large variations in affective states before, during, and after the offense but show little variation across victims. Alcohol usage and offender–victim relationship were related to affective states of offenders. Conclusions: We conclude that the found association between affective states and decision-making of sexual offenders calls for more research on within crime event variations especially, and future research should focus on causal mechanisms related to affective states.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of the Peer-Reviewed Literature on Self-Blame, Guilt, and Shame

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Duncan ◽  
Joanne Cacciatore
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychological Outcomes ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Bereaved Parents ◽  
Grief Reactions ◽  
Bereavement Research ◽  
Over Time

This is the first systematic review of the evidence on the prevalence of self-blame, guilt, and shame in bereaved parents. A search of PsychINFO, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PubMed, and Science Direct resulted in 18 studies for the period 1975 to 2013 which the authors have appraised. Self-blame, guilt, and shame are common in bereaved parents, albeit to varying degrees, with differential relationships to sex, and diminishing over time. There is some evidence that guilt and shame predict more intense grief reactions and that self-blame predicts posttraumatic symptomology, anxiety, and depression in bereaved parents. Heterogeneity of the studies and numerous methodological concerns limit the synthesis and strength of the evidence and the generalizability of the findings. Self-blame, guilt, and shame are commonly experienced by bereaved parents. Awareness of these affective states may assist clinicians in the identification of bereaved parents who are at a higher risk of developing adverse psychological outcomes. Overall, self-blame, guilt, and shame have received very little attention in the bereavement research, leaving many unanswered questions. Implications for practice and recommendations for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 Era on Pulmonary Embolism Patients: Increased Incidence of Hospitalizations and Higher Mortality—What Can Be Done?

COVID ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 357-365
Author(s):  
Aura Vîjîiac ◽  
Diana Irena Stănciulescu ◽  
Alexandru Emil Băetu ◽  
Iulia-Adelina Grigore ◽  
Denisa Vintilă ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Pulmonary Angiography ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

The coronavirus disease outbreak in 2019 (COVID-19) reached devastating pandemic proportions, still representing a challenge for all healthcare workers. Furthermore, the social environment underwent significant changes and healthcare facilities were overwhelmed by COVID-19 patients. The purpose of our study was to compare the prevalence, characteristics and outcomes of 234 patients presenting with pulmonary embolism diagnosed by computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) during the COVID-19 pandemic, to patients presenting with PE one year before, aiming to assess differences and similarities between these patients. Or main findings were: patients with PE had worse survival during the pandemic, there was an increased incidence of PE among hospitalizations in our cardiology unit during the COVID-19 pandemic, and patients hospitalized with PE during the pandemic were more likely to be obese, allowing us to infer that weight control can have a positive impact on preventing PE. Future research should establish optimal therapeutic, epidemiological and economical strategies for non-COVID patients, as the pandemic continues to put significant burden on the healthcare systems worldwide.

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