scholarly journals Focusing on the Past, Present, and Future: Psychometric Properties of the Temporal Focus Scale in Turkish Culture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ümüt ARSLAN ◽  
Burcu BAYRAKTAR
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
The Past ◽  
Turkish Culture ◽  
Temporal Focus

Temporal Focus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbie J. Shipp
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Psychology Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
The Future ◽  
Behavior Based ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Temporal Focus

Temporal focus is the individual tendency to characteristically think more or less about the past, present, and future. Although originally rooted in early work from psychology, research on temporal focus has been steadily growing in a number of research areas, particularly since Zimbardo and Boyd’s (1999) influential article on the topic. This chapter will review temporal focus research from the past to the present, including how temporal focus has been conceptualized and measured, and which correlates and outcomes have been tested in terms of well-being and behavior. Based on this review, an agenda for research is created to direct temporal focus research in the future.

Item response theory

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Streiner ◽  
Geoffrey R. Norman ◽  
John Cairney
Keyword(s):  
Item Response Theory ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Classical Test Theory ◽  
Test Theory ◽  
Response Theory ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Past ◽  
Classical Test

Over the past few decades, there has been a revolution in the approach to scale development. Called item response theory (IRT), this approach challenges the notion that scales must be long in order to be reliable, and that psychometric properties of a scale derived from one group of people cannot be applied to different groups. This chapter provides an introduction to IRT, and discusses how it can be used to develop scales and to shorten existing scales that have been developed using the more traditional approach of classical test theory. IRT also can result in scales that have interval-level properties, unlike those derived from classical test theory. Further, it allows people to be compared to one another, even though they may have completed different items, allowing for computer-adapted testing. The chapter concludes by discussing the advantages and disadvantages of IRT.

Measuring Religion and Spirituality: Where are we and where are we Going?

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Slater ◽  
Todd W. Hall ◽  
Keith J. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Psychology Of Religion ◽  
Spiritual Health ◽  
Religion And Spirituality ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
The Past ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Dominant Paradigm

While the measurement of religion and spirituality has made significant progress in the past few decades, we have seen increasing criticism of the dominant paradigm in the psychology of religion–intrinsic and extrinsic religiousness. A variety of new measures have been developed, notwithstanding Gorsuch's (1984) admonition to the contrary. Religion and its post-modern offspring (spirituality) has become intensely personal, and the direction of the new measures in the field reflect this shift. Furthermore, several complexities of measuring this domain remain unresolved, such as the lack of precision in definitions, illusory spiritual health, ceiling effects, social desirability, and bias. This article discusses these complexities, provides a critical review of two widely used instruments, and reviews four newer instruments with promising theoretical perspectives and psychometric properties.

scholarly journals Culture, Temporal Focus, and Values of the Past and the Future

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 1030-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tieyuan Guo ◽  
Li-Jun Ji ◽  
Roy Spina ◽  
Zhiyong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Future Event ◽  
Asymmetry Effect ◽  
Past Event ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chinese Canadians ◽  
The Future ◽  
Temporal Focus

This article examines cultural differences in how people value future and past events. Throughout four studies, the authors found that European Canadians attached more monetary value to an event in the future than to an identical event in the past, whereas Chinese and Chinese Canadians placed more monetary value to a past event than to an identical future event. The authors also showed that temporal focus—thinking about the past or future—explained cultural influences on the temporal value asymmetry effect. Specifically, when induced to think about and focus on the future, Chinese valued the future more than the past, just like Euro-Canadians; when induced to think about and focus on the past, Euro-Canadians valued the past more than the future, just like Chinese.

scholarly journals Validation study of the Italian version of Temporal Focus Scale: psychometric properties and convergent validity

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierluigi Diotaiuti ◽  
Giuseppe Valente ◽  
Stefania Mancone
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Validation Study ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Career Guidance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Significant Feature ◽  
Validity Testing ◽  
Validity Assessment ◽  
Temporal Focus ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Abstract Background Over the last decade, international research has produced a large number of studies that have stressed the importance of temporal focus in various aspects of the lives of individuals, groups and organizations. This first Italian validation study of the Temporal Focus Scale (TFS) has shown a reliable measurement to assess the tendency of individuals to characteristically think about different periods of their lives. Methods TFS/I was administered to a sample of 1458 participants, while three other convenience samples (N1 = 453; N2 = 544; N3 = 168) were used for convergent validity testing. Results Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a three-factor solution (including 10 items) with good indices of fit to data, e.g., χ2 = 49.533, CFI = 0.992, TLI = 0.986, RMSEA = 0.034, RMSEA 90% CI .018–.048. Convergent validity assessment confirmed predictive indications with variables such as life satisfaction, optimistic/pessimistic orientation, perceived general self-efficacy, self-regulatory modes, anxiety, depression. Conclusion The temporal focus has proven to be a significant feature associated with various aspects of both well-being and personal discomfort. By virtue of its good psychometric properties, the TFS can be an integrative tool along with others for a better evaluation of the person’s profile in different contexts such as education, coaching, psychotherapy, counseling and career guidance.

scholarly journals Development and validation of the gambling problems scale

2015 ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Brooke J. Arterberry ◽  
Matthew P. Martens ◽  
Stephanie K. Takamatsu
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Gambling Problems ◽  
South Oaks Gambling Screen ◽  
The Past ◽  
Score Interpretation ◽  
Midwestern University ◽  
Additional Support ◽  
College Student Population ◽  
Development And Validation

The purpose of the present study was to examine the initial psychometric properties of the Gambling Problems Scale (GPS), developed for the college student population. Participants were college students recruited for an ongoing larger clinical trial from a Midwestern university who reported gambling in the past 60 days and who were experiencing gambling-related problems, scoring +3 on the South Oaks Gambling Screen or +1 on the Brief Biopsychosocial Gambling Index (N = 334). Factor analyses and reliability analyses were conducted to examine the validity of score interpretation and the reliability of scores for the measure. Results suggested a 16-item unidimensional measure provided the best parsimony and theoretical fit. Examination of concurrent and incremental validity of scores provided additional support for the psychometric properties of the GPS. The GPS may be a useful tool for researchers and clinicians interested in examining gambling-related problems among college students and other young adults.

Time will tell: Temporal landmarks influence metaphorical associations between space and time

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Li ◽  
Yu Cao
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Fresh Start ◽  
The Past ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Mapping Experiment ◽  
Spring Festival ◽  
The Future ◽  
Temporal Focus

AbstractAccording to the Temporal Focus Hypothesis (TFH), people’s implicit spatial conceptions are shaped by their temporal focus. Whereas previous studies have demonstrated that people’s cultural or individual differences related to certain temporal focus may influence their spatializations of time, we focus on temporal landmarks as potential additional influences on people’s space-time mappings. In Experiment 1, we investigated how personally-related events influence students’ conceptions of time. The results showed that student examinees were more likely to think about time according to the past-in-front mapping, and student registrants, future-in-front mapping. Experiment 2 explored the influence of calendar markers and found that participants tested on the Chinese Spring Festival, a symbol of a fresh start, tended to conceptualize the future as in front of them, while those tested on the Tomb Sweeping Day, an opportunity to remember the ancestors, showed the reversed pattern. In Experiment 3, two scenarios representing past or future landmarks correspondingly were presented to participants. We found that past-focused/future -focused scenarios caused an increase in the rate of past-in-front/future-in-front responses respectively. Taken together, the results from these three studies suggest that people’s conceptions of time may vary according to temporal landmarks, which can be explained by the TFH.

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