scholarly journals Preliminary phytochemical analysis and antibacterial study of crude extract from Hamelia patens stems

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
V. Kanchana ◽  
G. Venkat Kumar ◽  
R. V. Shalini
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Antibacterial Study ◽  
Tropical Plant ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

The present study aimed to analyse the phytochemical and antibacterial activity of different extracts of the tropical plant Hamelia patens Jacq. (Rubiaceae). The antimicrobial activity was carried out using agar well diffusion method. Hexane, petroleum ether, ethanol and chloroform stem extracts (100 μL of 50 mg/mL each) were introduced into the wells separately and allowed it to undergo incubation. After the incubation time was over, the plates were observed for zones of inhibition and compared with positive control ciprofloxacin at a concentration of 30 μM. These results provided evidence that the tested plant extracts possess antimicrobial properties which can be tested further in the development of novel antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals An In Vitro Study on the Antimicrobial Properties of Essential Oil Modified Resin Composite against Oral Pathogens

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4383
Author(s):  
Barbara Lapinska ◽  
Aleksandra Szram ◽  
Beata Zarzycka ◽  
Janina Grzegorczyk ◽  
Louis Hardan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Oral Pathogens

Modifying the composition of dental restorative materials with antimicrobial agents might induce their antibacterial potential against cariogenic bacteria, e.g., S.mutans and L.acidophilus, as well as antifungal effect on C.albicans that are major oral pathogens. Essential oils (EOs) are widely known for antimicrobial activity and are successfully used in dental industry. The study aimed at evaluating antibacterial and antifungal activity of EOs and composite resin material (CR) modified with EO against oral pathogens. Ten EOs (i.e., anise, cinnamon, citronella, clove, geranium, lavender, limette, mint, rosemary thyme) were tested using agar diffusion method. Cinnamon and thyme EOs showed significantly highest antibacterial activity against S.mutans and L.acidophilus among all tested EOs. Anise and limette EOs showed no antibacterial activity against S.mutans. All tested EOs exhibited antifungal activity against C.albicans, whereas cinnamon EO showed significantly highest and limette EO significantly lowest activity. Next, 1, 2 or 5 µL of cinnamon EO was introduced into 2 g of CR and microbiologically tested. The modified CR showed higher antimicrobial activity in comparison to unmodified one. CR containing 2 µL of EO showed the best antimicrobial properties against S.mutans and C.albicans, while CR modified with 1 µL of EO showed the best antimicrobial properties against L.acidophilus.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Effects of Egyptian Local Chicory,Cichorium endiviasubsp. pumilum

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Amer
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Parallel Increase ◽  
Local Plant ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

The discovery of novel and more efficient antimicrobial agents from natural sources like plants is one of the most important ways through which the growing threat of antibiotic-resistant pathogens can be overcome. Herein, we report the potential antimicrobial activity ofCichorium endiviaL.subsp.pumilum. Different concentrations of various solvent extracts prepared from several parts of chicory were tested for their antimicrobial effect against a panel of microorganisms. The antimicrobial activity was analyzed using the well diffusion method, where zones of inhibition were used as indicators of antimicrobial activity. The results indicated the superiority of seed extracts over both leaf and root extracts. Methanol extracts showed higher activity compared with chloroform and water extracts. Increased solvent extract concentration was accompanied by a parallel increase in the diameter of the inhibition zone. Gram-positive bacteria were found to be more sensitive than Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. On a whole, the highest observed inhibition zones (21.3 ± 0.6 and 20.1 ± 0.4 mm) were recorded with the methanolic extract of chicory seeds againstS. aureusandB. cereus, respectively.These results offer insights into the antimicrobial potency of this Egyptian local plant and provide a basis for further phytochemical and pharmacological research.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Efficacy of Toothpastes Containing Fluoride against Clinically Isolated Streptococci mutans

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Eze E. Ajaegbu ◽  
Calister U. Ezeh ◽  
Adaobi J. Dieke ◽  
Adaora L. Onuora ◽  
Jane I. Ugochukwu
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

Dental caries is one of the prevalent oral diseases which affect all ages. Many chemical substances with antimicrobial properties, are effective against microorganisms causing dental caries. The objective of this study was to check the antimicrobial efficacy of some toothpastes  found in Enugu metropolis, Nigeria more specifically against clinically isolated Streptococci mutans. The antimicrobial efficacy of different brands of toothpastes marketed in Enugu metropolis  was assayed against Streptococci mutans using the agar well diffusion method. The clinical Streptococci mutans used for this study were taken from carious lesions of patients that  attended the clinic at Federal College of Dental Therapy and Technology, Trans Ekulu, Enugu, Nigeria and were isolated and cultivated using traditional laboratory methods. The present  study has shown that toothpaste which contains mint extract as herbal constituent and sodium fluoride had the highest antimicrobial activity, followed by toothpastes containing only sodium monofluorophosphate. Herbal toothpaste with mint can be a safe and effective alternative in the prevention of dental caries.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening, Mathematical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Methanolic Seed Extract of Hunteria Umbellata

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Oluwaseun Raphael Aderele ◽  
Adekunle Kareem Rasaq ◽  
Johnson Oshiobugie Momoh
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
T Test ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

Aim: The study evaluates the in-vitro antimicrobial activity of Hunteria umbellata against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus sp. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out for three months in 2019 in Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences (Biochemistry unit), School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu, Lagos- Nigeria. Methodology: The qualitative and GC-MS analysis of Hunteria umbellata methanolic seed extract were determined using standard procedure. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the disc diffusion method and agar well diffusion method. The experimental data was resampled 1000 times to allow for higher degrees of freedom in carrying out t-test to test for the difference of the effect of in-vitro antimicrobial activity of H. umbellata against E. coli, S. aureus and Streptococcus sp using mathematical software R language (3.6.1 version). Line plots, histogram and t-test are used to explain the effect of antimicrobial activity of H. umbellate on the selected bacteria. MIC and MBC were determined using standard methods. Results: The Phytochemical analysis of methanolic seed extract of Hunteria umbellata showed the presence of secondary metabolites like saponins, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, phenol among others. GC-MS assay of the H. umbellata seed extract revealed the presence of eight different compounds. Agar well diffusion method was characterized by inhibition zones of 18.36±0.87, 19.13±1.03 and 21.62±2.53 mm for E.coli, S. aureus and Streptococcus sp respectively at 300 mg/ml-1 and 21.70± 1.60, 23.83± 2.64 and 28.57± 1.52 for E.coli, S. aureus and Streptococcus sp respectively at 500 mg/ml. The results of the analysis show that there is a significant difference between the effects of in-vitro antimicrobial activity of H. umbellate on 3001 and 500 mg/ml on each bacteria tested at 5% level of significance. E.coli, S. aureus and Streptococcus sp were tested against 12 standard antimicrobial agents, of which six was sensitive and another six was resistance to E .coli, seven was sensitive, and five was resistance to S. aureus while four was resistance and eight sensitive to Streptococcus sp. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for E.coli, S. aureus, and  Streptococcus sp were 250, 125 and 31.25 mgml-1 while their minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were 500, 250 and 125 respectively. MIC and MBC tests showed that H. umbellata methanolic seed extract had noticeable bactericidal effects with MBC/MIC values ranging between 2 to 4. The extract has strong potency against these microorganisms with Streptococcus sp being the most susceptible. Conclusions: Hunteria umbellata has potential as natural therapeutic agents against E. coli, S. aureus and Streptococcus sp and they may prevent pathogenic diseases.

Antimicrobial potentials, phytochemical screening and determination of bioactive compounds from Three Indian folk medicinal plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Vanitha ◽  
S. Vijayakumar ◽  
S. Rajalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Ft Ir

Aim: To investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of various solvents leaf extracts of Aegle marmelos, Plumbago zeylanica and Rhinacanthus nasutus against human pathogenic organisms such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Salmonella enteriditis, Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Aspergillus fumigatous by agar well diffusion method. Background: Also, this is the first time report on MIC and MBC/MFC activities and identify the phytochemicals and functional groups using HPLC, GC-MS and FT-IR analysis. Objective: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal (MBC/MFC) values were also carried out by the micro dilution method. Methods: Ethyl acetate extract of P. zeylanica showed better antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens, especially for S. pneumoniae (40 mm) followed by ethyl acetate extract of R. nasutus (36 mm) against S. pneumoniae. While least inhibition was observed for aqueous extract of P.zeylanica against S. enteritis (10 mm). Results: The MIC ranged from 3.75 µg/ml to 60µg/ml and MBC/MFC 7.5 µg/ml to 60 µg/ml. Phytochemical analysis exhibited the presence of alkaloids, steroids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, phenolics and cardiac glycoside in all samples of selected plant extracts. Tannins, phenolics and glycoside were found only in the ethyl acetate extract of P.zeylanica. HPLC and GC-MS analysis of ethyl acetate leaf extract of P. zeylanica exposed ten major peaks and eleven compounds respectively. Chemical nature of the leaf extract was analysed by FT-IR spectrum. Conclusion: Ethyl acetate leaf extract of P. zeylanica showed better antimicrobial activity than other extracts as well as standard drugs. Therefore, this plant could be studied in detail for the identification of active biomolecules for antimicrobial agents.

Comparative evaluation ofantimicrobial activity of herbal oils and their ability in disinfection of gutta percha cones - Aninvitro study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Dr.Mansi Rastogi ◽  
Dr. Prasannalatha Nadig ◽  
Dr.Jayalakshmi K B ◽  
Dr. Arul Selvan K ◽  
Dr. Sujatha I ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Peppermint Oil ◽  
Cinnamon Oil ◽  
Gutta Percha ◽  
Lemon Grass ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Micro Organisms

Aim: The purpose of this study is to evaluate antimicrobial activity of different herbal oils and their ability in disinfection of gutta percha cones. Material and methods: Antimicrobial activity of Lemon grass oil, Cinnamonoil, Peppermintoil and sodium hypochlorite (positive control) was evaluated using Agar diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus and E. Faecalis. Sixty gutta percha cones were glove handled during ongoing routine endodontic procedures and then cut into two equal halves. First half of contaminated gutta percha cones were placed in brothand incubated and the other halves were treated with herbal oils and sodium hypochlorite for one minute and then incubated for 24hours to check for turbidity. Results: 1)For both tested micro-organisms, Cinnamon oil showed largest zones of inhibition (mean ± SD), 28.6 ± 1.18 mm, 30.8 ± 1.4 mm against E. faecalis, S. aureus. 2)Cinnamon oil is most effective in decontamination of GP cones in 1 minute, followed by NaOCl, Lemon grass oil and Peppermint oil. Conclusion: Cinnamon oil is a potent antimicrobial agent for rapid disinfection of GP cones in one minute and can be an alternative to sodium hypochlorite.

scholarly journals Comparative Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Two Cultivars of Catharanthus roseus L. {G.} Don on Escherichia coli and Candida albicans

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
David Mutisya Musyimi ◽  
Marble Namarobe Namnabah
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Synthetic Drugs

Medicinal plants have served as sources of medicine to treat and suppress the diseases, because many pathogens are gaining resistance to the current synthetic drugs. In addition, high cost and adverse side effects are commonly associated with popular Synthetic drugs. Therefore, there is need for continuous search for new drugs in order to overcome this emerging resistance. Plants synthesize bioactive compounds which are of great potential in agriculture, antimicrobial and anti-insect activity. The concentration of bioactive compounds in each plant species depends on the environmental conditions, age of the plant, relative humidity of harvested materials and method of extraction. Little is known on the phytochemical and antimicrobial potential of Alba and Rosea cultivars of Catharanthus roseus ethanol extracts. The leaves of Alba and Rosea cultivars were investigated for their phytochemical and antimicrobial properties. The study was conducted at Maseno University, Kenya. Plant Leaves were collected around Maseno University. Leaves of Alba and Rosea cultivars of Catharanthus roseus were air-dried in the shade, thereafter crushed into powder and ethanol extraction done using the Rotary evaporator. Antimicrobial activity of the pathogenic microorganisms was Candida albicans and Escherichia coli.  Disc diffusion method was used for antimicrobial tests. concentrations of ethanol leaf extracts consisted of 2.5, 5and 7.5 mg/mL with three replications.  Data on growth inhibition were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) . Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, alkaloids and phenols except steroids and glycosides. The ethanol leaf extracts were active against Candida albicans and and Escherichia coli. Alba leaves extracts showed higher inhibitory zones compared to Rosea leaves. The observed differences in antimicrobial activity could be due to differences in cell wall synthesis, structure and composition. The results of present study further confirm the use of these plants traditionally for the treatment of different ailments.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Leaf and Stem Extracts of Priva cordifolia (L.f.) Druce

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Niranjan M. H. ◽  
Prabhurajeshwar .
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
New Agents ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

In current environment increasing resistance to existing antimicrobial agents and herbal drugs are being investigated as important sources for new agents for testing various diseases related to bacterial infections. The present work is aimed at exploring the preliminary phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of leaf and stem extracts of Priva cordifolia belongs to family Verbenaceae. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, anthraquinones and glycosides. The antimicrobial activity was studied using various organisms by means of a disc diffusion method. Susceptibility of some Gram positive organisms (Bacillus substilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram negative organisms (Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli) were tested against leaf and stem extracts (water, methanol and ethanol). Among the various extracts, water stem extract was more effective (19.66±1.52 mm) and ethanol stem extract found to be less effective (1±1) against all the bacteria. It is concluded that the plant extract showed antimicrobial activity because of the presence of these phytochemicals. Further studies are recommended for drug development to treat various infectious diseases.

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF LEPTADENIA HASTATA (PERS) DECNE LEAVES EXTRACT

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac John Umaru ◽  
Fasihuddin A. Badruddin ◽  
Zaini B. Assim ◽  
Hauwa A. Umaru
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Antibacterial Potential ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

Objective: This study was carried out with an objective to investigate the antibacterial potential of five leaf extract of Leptadenia hastata plant on some bacteria.Methods: Leptadenia hastata extracts were evaluated for potential antimicrobial properties. The leaves of the plant were extracted with n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, chloroform and methanol and then vaporized to give respective extracts. Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, salmonella typhi, staphylococcus aureus and Klebsielia pneumonia, was determined by an agar well diffusion method. The optical density of the broth using UV mini spectrophotometer and zone of inhibition by the crude extract were determined.Results: The results showed that of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and methanol extracts of Leptadenia hastata, methanolic and chloroform extracts displayed more activity with 1.10±0.10 mmab and 0.97±0.06 mmab where aSignificantly (p<0.05) higher compared to different extract at the same concentration bSignificantly (p<0.05) lower compared to the control, than others at 25-1000 ppm per well of the extracts tested.Conclusion: The present results showed the potential of the medicinal plant used by traditional herbal medical practitioners as natural antimicrobial agents, thus can be further used to determine the bioactive products that may provide as leads in the development of new drugs.

scholarly journals Characterisation of Antimicrobial Properties of Extracts of Selected Medicinal Plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Cioch ◽  
Paweł Satora ◽  
Magdalena Skotniczny ◽  
Dorota Semik-Szczurak ◽  
Tomasz Tarko
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L ◽  
Polyphenolic Profile

The scope of the experiments included analysis of the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic, methanolic and aqueous extracts against bacterial and fungal cultures and determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration of plant extracts tested microbial growth. Analysis of the antifungal and antibacterial activity was carried out by the disc diffusion method using paper discs. In the experiment 11 species of microorganisms – 8 bacterial and 3 fungal strains were used. The highest antimicrobial activity against the tested strains was demonstrated by black elder (Sambucus nigra L.), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) extracts. The study showed the diverse morphological activity of specific parts of elderberry and quince, which is the effect of different polyphenolic profile of these plants. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus subtilis showed the highest sensitivity to the effect of extracts of the analysed plants. As a positive control three antibiotics – amphotericin B, vancomycin and amoxicillin with clavulanic acid were used.

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