Effects of Organic Acids on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation Characteristics and Methane Emission

Series of in vitro trials were conducted to evaluate dose–response effects of walnut leaf ethanolic extract (WLEE) on ruminal fermentation, microbial populations, mitigation of methane emission and acidosis prevention. The treatments were conducted according to a 5 × 3 factorial arrangement in a completely randomised design formulated to contain corn (corn-based diet, CBD) and barley grain (barley-based diet, BBD), or equal amounts of barley and corn (barley and corn diet, BCD), consisting of either basal diets alone (0) or basal diets with 250, 500, 750 or 1000 µL of WLEE (W0, W250, W500, W750 and W1000 respectively) per litre of buffered rumen fluid. Three fistulated cows fed diets containing alfalfa hay and concentrate mixes (same as the control diet) plus minerals and vitamins were used for collection of ruminal fluid. The asymptote of gas production and methane emission was decreased and lag time increased in a linear and quadratic manner with an increasing dose of WLEE (P < 0.001). However, gas production rate reduced linearly as WLEE dose increased (P < 0.001). Methane production was significantly reduced linearly (L) and quadratically (Q) when walnut ethanolic extract was increased from 250 to 1000 μL/L (L and Q; P < 0.001). The addition of WLEE significantly altered the volatile fatty acid profile in comparison to control, reducing the molar proportion of acetate and increasing that of propionate (P < 0.001), and also decreased the ammonia-N concentration (L, P < 0.001). Dry-matter and organic-matter in vitro digestibility coefficients were negatively affected by WLEE supplementation (L and Q; P < 0.001). Although anti-acidosis potential of WLEE was significantly lower than that of monensin, W1000 increased medium culture pH compared with uncontrolled acidosis and the lower doses of WLEE. The populations of Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and R. albus were significantly reduced by WLEE, although to different magnitudes, depending on the corn and barley grain proportions in the diet. Results of the present study indicated that increasing addition levels of WLEE have noticeable effects on rumen microbial population and fermentation characteristics. It can be concluded that WLEE can potentially be used to manipulate ruminal fermentation patterns.

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Effects of Plant Extracts on Microbial Population, Methane Emission and Ruminal Fermentation Characteristics in In vitro

Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences ◽

10.5713/ajas.2011.11447 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 806-811 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

E. T. Kim ◽

C. -H. Kim ◽

K. -S. Min ◽

S. S. Lee

Keyword(s):

Plant Extracts ◽

Methane Emission ◽

Microbial Population ◽

Ruminal Fermentation

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Effects of supplementation levels of Allium fistulosum L. extract on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics and methane emission

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.9651 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e9651

Author(s):

Jun Sik Eom ◽

Shin Ja Lee ◽

Yejun Lee ◽

Hyun Sang Kim ◽

You Young Choi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methane Emission ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Methanogenic Archaea ◽

Allium Fistulosum ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Extract Concentration ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Reduce Emissions

Background Ruminants release the majority of agricultural methane, an important greenhouse gas. Different feeds and additives are used to reduce emissions, but each has its drawbacks. This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of Allium fistulosum L. (A. fistulosum) extract on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics, and on methane emission. Methods Rumen fluid was taken from two cannulated rumen Hanwoo cow (with mean initial body weight 450 ± 30 kg, standard deviation = 30). Rumen fluid and McDougall’s buffer (1:2; 15 mL) were dispensed anaerobically into 50 mL serum bottles containing 300 mg (DM basis) of timothy substrate and A. fistulosum extracts (based on timothy substrate; 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, or 9%). This experiment followed a completely randomized design performed in triplicate, using 126 individual serum bottles (six treatments × seven incubation times × three replicates). Results Dry matter degradability was not significantly affected (p-value > 0.05) by any A. fistulosum treatment other than 1% extract at 24 h incubation. Methane emission linearly decreased A. fistulosum extract concentration increased at 12 and 24 h incubation (p-value < 0.0001; p-value = 0.0003, respectively). Acetate concentration linearly decreased (p-value = 0.003) as A. fistulosum extract concentration increased at 12 h incubation. Methanogenic archaea abundance tendency decreased (p-value = 0.055) in the 1%, 7%, and 9% A. fistulosum extract groups compared to that in the 0% group, and quadratically decreased (p-value < 0.0001) as A. fistulosum extract concentration increased at 24 h incubation. Conclusion A. fistulosum extract had no apparent effect on ruminal fermentation characteristics or dry matter degradability. However, it reduced methane emission and methanogenic archaea abundance.

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Influence of nitrate supplementation on in-vitro methane emission, milk production, ruminal fermentation, and microbial methanotrophs in dairy cows fed at two forage levels

Annals of Animal Science ◽

10.2478/aoas-2021-0087 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Majid Sharifi ◽

Akbar Taghizadeh ◽

Ali Hosseinkhani ◽

Valiollah Palangi ◽

Muhlis Macit ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Methane Emission ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Ammonia Concentration ◽

Microbial Flora ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Nitrate Supplementation

Abstract Modifying the chemical composition of a diet can be a good strategy for reducing methane emission in the rumen. However, this strategy can have adverse effects on the ruminal microbial flora. The aim of our study was to reduce methane without disturbing ruminal function by stimulating the growth and propagation of methanotrophs. In this study, we randomly divided twenty multiparous Holstein dairy cows into 4 groups in a 2×2 factorial design with two forage levels (40% and 60%) and two nitrate supplementation levels (3.5% and zero). We examined the effect of experimental diets on cow performance, ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites and changes of ruminal microbial flora throughout the experimental period (45-day). Additionally, in vitro methane emission was evaluated. Animals fed diet with 60% forage had greater dry matter intake (DMI) and milk fat content, but lower lactose and milk urea content compared with those fed 40% forage diet. Moreover, nitrate supplementation had no significant effect on DMI and milk yield. Furthermore, the interactions showed that nitrate reduces DMI and milk fat independently of forage levels. Our findings showed that nitrate can increase ammonia concentration, pH, nitrite, and acetate while reducing the total volatile fatty acids concentration, propionate, and butyrate in the rumen. With increasing nitrate, methane emission was considerably decreased possibly due to the stimulated growth of Fibrobacteria, Proteobacteria, type II Methanotrophs, and Methanoperedense nitroreducens, especially with high forage level. Overall, nitrate supplementation could potentially increase methane oxidizing microorganisms without adversely affecting cattle performance.

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In vitro ruminal fermentation of organic acids common in forage.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.47.1.155-159.1984 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 155-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

J B Russell ◽

P J Van Soest

Keyword(s):

Organic Acids ◽

Ruminal Fermentation

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Effects of Dietary Allium fistulosum L. and Tannic Acid on in vitro Ruminal Fermentation Characteristics and Methane Emission

Korean Journal of Organic Agricultue ◽

10.11625/kjoa.2018.26.4.775 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 775-787 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shin-Ja Lee ◽

◽

Jun-Sik Eom ◽

Hyun-Sang Kim ◽

Hyeong-Suk Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tannic Acid ◽

Methane Emission ◽

Allium Fistulosum ◽

Ruminal Fermentation

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Effect of organic acids or monensin-sodium addition on fatty acid production of short chain and methane through the ruminal fermentation “in vitro”

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n1p439 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 439

Author(s):

Alisson Minozzo da Silveira ◽

Julio Viegas ◽

Cimélio Bayer ◽

Gilberto Vilmar Kozloski ◽

Weiler Giacomazza Cerutti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Organic Acids ◽

Acid Production ◽

Short Chain ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Fatty Acid Production

<p>Aditivos alimentares podem aumentar a eficiência dos alimentos e a produção animal, bem como reduzir a produção de metano (CH4) entérico. Com objetivo de avaliar a influência de aditivos orgânicos em duas concentrações (250 e 500ppm) na produção de CH4 (mL), ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (AGCC), nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH3) e no pH, foi conduzido um experimento “in vitro” gás, tendo dois controles, um negativo sem a presença de aditivo e outro positivo, com à adição de monensina sódica (30ppm). O experimento foi organizado em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. O tratamento com monensina sódica aumentou (p<0.05) a produção de propionato e diminuiu (p<0.05) a produção de CH4, acetato, butirato, valerato, isobutirato, isovalerato, a relação de acetato/propionato e a produção total AGCC em relação ao tratamento sem aditivo, não alterando a concentração de N-NH3. Dos tratamentos com ácidos orgânicos CTX 250 e 500, somente o CTX 500 mostrou tendência (p<0.10) a diminuição nas concentrações de N-NH3, sem alterações significativas (p>0.05) nos demais parâmetros avaliados em relação ao tratamento sem aditivos. Neste sentido a monensina sódica apresenta características de modulação do ambiente ruminal.</p>

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Effects of Lonicera japonica extract supplementation on in vitro ruminal fermentation, methane emission, and microbial population

Animal Science Journal ◽

10.1111/asj.13259 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 90 (9) ◽

pp. 1170-1176

Author(s):

Lee Yejun ◽

Lee Su Kyoung ◽

Lee Shin Ja ◽

Eun Jong‐Su ◽

Lee Sung Sill

Keyword(s):

Methane Emission ◽

Microbial Population ◽

Lonicera Japonica ◽

Ruminal Fermentation

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Quantification of organic acids in ruminal in vitro batch culture fermentation supplemented with fumarate using a herb mix as a substrate

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1139/cjas-2015-0036 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 96 (1) ◽

pp. 60-68

Author(s):

J. Pisarčíková ◽

Z. Váradyová ◽

K. Mihaliková ◽

S. Kišidayová

Keyword(s):

Organic Acids ◽

Organic Acid ◽

Batch Culture ◽

Plantago Lanceolata ◽

Medicinal Herbs ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Artemisia Absinthium ◽

Foeniculum Vulgare ◽

Fermentation Parameters

Two 24 h in vitro batch culture experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of fumarate addition (10 mmol L−1) on the ruminal fermentation parameters of selected medicinal herbs, and the effects of different doses of fumarate (0, 10, or 30 mmol L−1) on ruminal metabolism of organic acids when a high-concentrate diet (meadow hay and barley grain, 400/600, w/w) was supplemented with a mix of medicinal herbs (Artemisia absinthium L., Melissa officinalis L., Malva sylvestris L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Plantago lanceolata L., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., and Althaea officinalis L.). Depending on the concentration, fumarate treatment decreased methane production (by 10–11%) and increased propionate proportions (by 5–13%) with high-concentrate diets. The organic acid (fumaric, succinic, malic, and lactic acid) concentrations in the batch culture were measured at intervals of 0, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h. The time and organic acid concentrations with 10 mmol L−1 fumarate were well correlated (R 2 = 0.846). The amount of succinate was accumulated and metabolized more slowly than that of fumarate (>24 h). The addition of fumarate and a herb mix could positively influence in vitro ruminal fermentation parameters of high-concentrate diets by increasing the levels of propionate and succinate as well as the pH, and by decreasing of methane emissions.

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