scholarly journals Removing of Cadmium Ions and Reactive red Dye from Simulated Wastewater Using Eggshell as an Eco-Friendly Material

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousra Mohamed ◽  
Waleed M. Abood ◽  
Faten Hameed Kamil ◽  
Zuhair Khedair
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Cadmium Ion ◽  
Cadmium Ions ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Removal Time ◽  
Simulated Wastewater ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Red Dye

The research aims to use eggshells (ES) as civilian residues in the process of removing cadmium ions and reactive red dye according to international standards limits. Synthetic solutions were prepared for cadmium ions and reactive red dye using 0.2 g non-calcined and calcined ES at various temperatures (25, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 ℃) as an adsorbent.  The result showed the removal of cadmium ion was (60, 100%) for non-calcined and calcined ES, respectively, with the initial concentration of cd2+ (10 ppm). The removal of reactive red dye was (18.5, 98%) using non-calcined and calcined ES, respectively, at a concentration of red dye (50 ppm). The best removal time was 90 min.  XRD and FTIR spectroscopy were performed and the results were identical to the main components of ES and changed with temperature increasing due to dissolution of calcium carbonate (CaCO3).

scholarly journals The Efficacy of Whole Oyster Shells for Removing Copper, Zinc, Chromium, and Cadmium Heavy Metal Ions from Stormwater

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4184
Author(s):  
Zhiying Xu ◽  
Caterina Valeo ◽  
Angus Chu ◽  
Yao Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Zinc Ions ◽  
Cadmium Ions ◽  
Initial Concentration

This research investigates the use of a common food waste product for removing four different types of metals typically found in stormwater. Whole, unprocessed oyster shells are explored for use in stormwater management infrastructure that addresses water quality concerns. The role of the shells’ surface area, exposure time, and the solution’s initial concentration on the removal efficiency were examined. Beaker scale experimental results demonstrated very good efficiency by the oyster shells for removing copper ions (80–95%), cadmium ions (50–90%), and zinc ions (30–80%) but the shells were not as effective in removing hexavalent chromium (20–60%). There was a positive relationship between initial concentration and removal efficiency for copper and zinc ions, a negative relationship for hexavalent chromium, and no relationship was found for cadmium ions. There was also a positive relationship between surface area and removal efficiency, and exposure time and removal efficiency. However, after a certain exposure time, the increase in removal efficiency was negligible and desorption was occasionally observed. A mid-scale experiment to mimic real-world conditions was conducted in which continuous inflow based on a 6-h design storm was applied to 2.7 kg of whole, unprocessed oyster shells. The shells provided an 86% and an 84% removal efficiency of cadmium and copper ions, respectively, in one day of hydraulic retention time. No removal was observed for hexavalent chromium, and zinc ion removal was only observed after initial leaching. This work has significant implications for sustainable stormwater infrastructure design using a material commonly found in municipal food waste.

Russian experience in assessing informal employment indicators and their compliance with SDG indicators

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Elena Zarova ◽  
Dr Konstantin Laykam ◽  
Elvira Dubravskaya ◽  
Sergey Musikhin
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Informal Employment ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The One ◽  
Main Components

This article describes on the one hand statistical methods for assessing informal employment based on the requirements as set by international standards. On the other hand it describes the potential of integrating various data sources to generate informal employment statistics. With as example official statistics of the Russian Federation, the authors show the features of applying the requirements of international standards. Methods are proposed for assessing informal employment in the formal sector of the economy, i.e. in enterprises that submit employment reports to the National Statistical Office. This phenomenon appears in the employment situation of many countries. However, there is no uniformity between countries in how they evaluate the application of the international standards in such assessment exercises. A theoretical model of informal employment is developed and validated based on statistical data published by international organizations. The validation focuses on assessing the causal relationships between informal employment indicators and the main components of the sustainable development goals. This analysis contributes to coordinated decisions on regulating informal employment and ensuring the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

scholarly journals Kinetics and Equilibrium Study of Cadmium Ion Sorption onto Date Pits — An Agricultural Waste

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fawzi Banat ◽  
Sameer Al-Asheh ◽  
Leema Al-Makhadmeh
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Cadmium Ion ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Cadmium Ions ◽  
Equilibrium Study ◽  
Ion Sorption ◽  
Date Pits

Activated carbons derived from date pits obtained as a surplus agricultural solid waste and natural date pits were used for the adsorption of cadmium ions from water. The effect of contact time, pH, temperature, cadmium ion concentration, sorbent dose, salinity, as well as the activation temperature on the removal of cadmium ions by date pits was studied. The maximum adsorption capacity of date pits for cadmium ions was obtained using the linear Langmuir isotherm model and used as a basis for comparative purposes. Three sorption kinetic models were used for explaining the probable mechanisms of cadmium ion uptake. The kinetic data for the adsorption process obeyed a second-order rate equation.

Study on Decolorization of Wastewater Containing Acid Orange II by Adsorption on Expanded Graphite

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 873-876
Author(s):  
Jun Jie Yue ◽  
Xing Long Jin ◽  
Zhao Hui Jin
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Expanded Graphite ◽  
Orange Ii ◽  
Dye Wastewater ◽  
Temperature Level ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Acid Orange ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Simulated Wastewater ◽  
Acid Orange Ii

In this paper, the adsorption and decolorization capability of expanded graphite (EG) on the simulated wastewater containing Acid Orange Ⅱwere studied. The experimental results show that the initial concentration of wastewater, the dosage of EG, the pH value and the temperature all have greater effects on the decolorization ratio of simulated Acid Orange Ⅱ wastewater. The dye- wastewater containing lower concentration(＜150 mg/L) of Acid Orange Ⅱ is more suitable to be treated by EG, and approximately 100 mg/L is the preferable concentration. The decolorization ratio increases with the increment of the dosage of EG and the temperature level, but the growth rate obviously decreases at the higher initial concentration. All the decolorization ratios under strong acidic (pH<5) and alkalic (pH>11) conditions are higher than that at the range of 5-11 pH values, the highest value even reaches over 94%, while the decolorization ratio under the latter conditions are only between 75% and 85%.

scholarly journals Adsorption of biosolids and their main components on chalcopyrite, molybdenite and pyrite: Zeta potential and FTIR spectroscopy studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 128-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Reyes-Bozo ◽  
Mauricio Escudey ◽  
Eduardo Vyhmeister ◽  
Pablo Higueras ◽  
Alex Godoy-Faúndez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Spectroscopy Studies ◽  
Main Components

scholarly journals Chromatographic separation of In(III) from Cd(II) in aqueous solutions using commercial resin (Dowex 50W-X8)

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 696-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman Massoud ◽  
F. Abou El-Nour ◽  
H. Killa ◽  
U. Seddik
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Chromatographic Separation ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Cadmium Ions ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Commercial Resin

AbstractThis work assesses the potential of an adsorptive material, Dowex 50w-x8, for the separation of indium ions from cadmium ions in aqueous media. The adsorption behavior of Dowex 50 w-x8 for indium and cadmium ions was investigated. The effect of pH, initial concentration of metal ions, the weight of resins, and contact time on the sorption of each of the metal ions were determined. It was found that the adsorption percentage of the indium ions was more than 99% at pH 4.0. The result shows that In (III) was most strongly extracted, while Cd(II) was slightly extracted at this pH value. The recovery of In(III) and Cd(II) ions is around 98% using hydrochloric acid as the best eluent.

Dairy Farming Simulated Organic Wastewater of Degradation Experiment by Hydrogen Peroxide

2014 ◽  
Vol 1015 ◽  
pp. 729-732
Author(s):  
Yong Guang Bi ◽  
Kuan Xin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment ◽  
Simulated Wastewater ◽  
Organic Wastewater

In dairy farming simulated wastewater resorcinol as the research object, using hydrogen peroxide treatment method to study the effect of resorcinol, the results showed that: when the initial concentration of hydroquinone 1.0g / L, 1.5g / L, 2.0g / L, 2.5g / L, 3.0g / L, the degradation rate was: 45.95%, 44.72%, 40.86%, 35.37%, 31.23%. Resorcinol degradation rate increases with the decrease of the initial concentration, that is beneficial to the low initial concentration of degradation, but the higher the initial concentration of the degradation rate. When the amount of hydrogen peroxide is 1mL, 1.5mL, 2mL, 2.5mL, when 3mL, the degradation rate was: 60.40%, 63.54%, 68.13%, 75.87%, 80.94%. Studies have shown that ultrasound combined with hydrogen peroxide is a good resorcinol degradation of organic pollutants in new ways.

scholarly journals Reference sections OF Cisuralian Series (Permian System): geochemical features

LITOSFERA ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 819-838
Author(s):  
Gunar A. Mizens ◽  
Rafael Kh. Sungatullin ◽  
Guzel M. Sungatullina ◽  
Bulat I. Gareev ◽  
Georgiy A. Batalin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Passive Margins ◽  
Global Correlation ◽  
Tectonic Environment ◽  
Reference Sections ◽  
Clay Rocks ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer

Object.Geochemical features of rocks from the Dal’ny Tulkas and Mechetlino sections located in the southern part of the West Urals foredeep are considered and are offered as International Standards for the global correlation (GSSP) of the lower boundaries of the Artinskian and Kungurian stages.Materials and methods.The content of rock-forming oxides and other components were studied for 15 and 20 samples of carbonate, clay and sandy rocks respectively in the sections of Dalnii Tyulkas and Mechetlino. The determination of the chemical composition of rocks was performed using a wave-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer S8 Tiger (Bruker, Germany). Results. The lithological characteristics of the sections, the content of oxides in mudstones and limestones of the boundary Sakmarian-Artinskian and of the boundary ArtinskianKungurian are taken. Mudstones of different stage are almost identical in average contents of the main components, whereas limestones have some differences. Correlative connections of oxides are analyzed and conclusions about mineral composition of rocks are made. Using the petrochemical modules and diagrams, it was established that the clay rocks in considered sections have mainly a hydromica composition. Based on the analysis of the indices of chemical weathering CIA, it is shown that the climate in the Cisuralian Epoch was predominantly arid. The tectonic environment of forming demolition sources, presumably corresponded to the active and passive margins of the continents.Conclusions.The main lithochemical characteristics of the rocks of the two sections under consideration are somewhat different, however, the boundaries of the stratigraphic subdivisions of each of them are virtually indistinguishable by lithochemical parameters, which may indicate the benefit of the continuity of sedimentation at the borders of centuries of the Cisuralian Epoch in this region. The conditions of sedimentation and the nature of eroded rocks in the area of demolition remained relatively constant. This is a positive point when looking the sections as International Standards for the global correlation (GSSP) reference objects – “golden nails”. 

scholarly journals FEATURES OF DEVELOPMENT OF ACCOUNTING POLICY OF TRADE ENTERPRISES

2021 ◽  
pp. 159-163
Author(s):  
Olha Shmyhel
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Development Technology ◽  
Informational Basis ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Analytical System ◽  
Accounting Policy

Purpose. The aim of the article is the development of separate elements and stages of accounting policy of trade enterprises taking into account their adaptation to the international standards of accounting and financial reporting. Methodology of research. The theoretical and informational basis of the study were the works of leading economists in the field of accounting, as well as national and international standards of accounting and financial reporting. In the process of research general and special methods were used, in particular: the method of classification allowed to differentiate the main components of accounting of trade enterprises, and the method of description gave them a detailed description; the monographic method is used in the study of literature sources on the creation of the main aspects of the accounting policy of commercial enterprises; the system and analytical method is applied at processing of the received information. Findings. Approaches to determining the peculiarities of trade enterprises and accounting are considered. Identification characteristics and values for drawing up the accounting policy of trade enterprises are substantiated. The main problems that arise when compiling the accounting policy of commercial enterprises are identified. The place of accounting policy in the accounting and analytical system of trade enterprises is determined. Options for organizing the accounting policy of commercial enterprises in compliance with international standards of accounting and financial reporting are considered. Originality. The peculiarities of the organization of the accounting policy of trade enterprises with observance of the international standards of accounting and financial reporting are substantiated. Practical value. The obtained theoretical and applied recommendations can be used to improve existing approaches to the accounting policy of commercial enterprises. Key words: trade enterprise, accounting policy, stages of development, elements of accounting, development technology, reporting, accounting standards.

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