scholarly journals A Mixed Method Study to Assess the Effect of Training of Adolescents on Perception and Practices regarding Unintentional Childhood Injuries

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Bratati Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Control Area ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Intervention Phase ◽  
Childhood Injuries ◽  
Intervention Area ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Unintentional Childhood Injuries

Background: Adolescents are the future citizens of any society, who can be trained to become responsible members and also function as change agents in the community to improve children’s health. Child-To-Child Approach is an innovative technique which was used in the present study to improve perception and practices regarding unintentional childhood injuries, by training the adolescent population. Methodology: An intervention study was conducted in two villages of Delhi from April 2017 to July 2019, to test the Child-To-Child Approach in preventing childhood injuries, by training the eldest adolescent in each family of intervention area and encouraging them to disseminate the knowledge to other family members. Present study is a part of the main study and analyses improvement in Perception and Practice (PP) regarding injuries after intervention, as assessed from PP scores of adolescents eligible for training, other adolescents and adult women. Focus group discussions (FGD) for assessing perception were also conducted with adolescents and adult women, at the beginning and end of study. Results: During pre-intervention period, PP scores of all three groups of subjects showed no significant difference between the two areas. Statistically significant improvement was observed in PP scores of all three groups of subjects in the intervention area during the post-intervention phase, in comparison to pre-intervention phase as well as in comparison to scores of control area in post-intervention phase. Findings from the FGD showed that perception of both groups regarding types and reasons of injuries was low in the beginning, but increased markedly in the second FGD in both the groups, compared to the first FGD. Conclusion: These findings indicate that training adolescents and encouraging them to disseminate messages to their siblings and to the adult women of their families, which is the essence of Child-To-Child Approach, is effective in improving the perception and practices regarding unintentional childhood injuries.

scholarly journals Control trial of porcine cysticercosis in Uganda using a combination of the TSOL18 vaccination and oxfendazole

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Nsadha ◽  
Chris Rutebarika ◽  
Chrisostom Ayebazibwe ◽  
Bukenya Aloys ◽  
M. Mwanja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Porcine Cysticercosis ◽  
Intervention Area ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Village Communities

Abstract Background Neurocysticercosis caused by Taenia solium when the parasite lodges in the central nervous system, is an important cause of human seizures and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. The parasite is prevalent in many regions of Uganda. Pigs are intermediate hosts for T. solium, and we evaluated a T. solium control program in pigs, involving vaccination of pigs with the TSOL18 vaccine and treatment with oxfendazole. Methods The study was conducted in two districts of Eastern Uganda involving the rural village communities of Bukedea (intervention area) and Kumi (control area) during 2016–2017. Seven hundred and thirty-four households were enrolled in the study. Pigs in the intervention area received intramuscular immunizations with TSOL18 (Cysvax™) and an oral medication with 30 mg/kg oxfendazole (Paranthic™) at approximately 3-monthly intervals for 18 months. Porcine cysticercosis was evaluated by post-mortem examination. At the beginning of the study, 111 pigs were examined. In an interim evaluation in the intervention area, 55 pigs were evaluated 12 months after starting the project. At the end of the study approximately 3 months after the final intervention, 55 pigs from the intervention area and 56 pigs from the control area were evaluated. Results The prevalence of porcine cysticercosis for the two sites was 16.2% at the beginning of the study (17.2% in the intervention area and 15.1% in the control area) with no statistically significant difference (P = 0.759) between the two study sites. Among the 110 animals assessed from the intervention site (55 at the interim evaluation and 55 at the final evaluation), no pig with viable T. solium cysts was found. There was a statistically significant difference between the prevalence at baseline (17.2%) and at the end of the study (0%) in the intervention area (P = 0.001) and a statistically significant difference between the intervention (0%) and control areas (5.4%) (P = 0.041) at the end of the study. Conclusions Three-monthly concurrent vaccination of pigs with the TSOL18 vaccine and medication with oxfendazole eliminated T. solium transmission by the animals involved in the study. Application of vaccination with medication in pigs has the potential to reduce transmission of T. solium in Uganda and other endemic countries.

scholarly journals Assessment of knowledge, attitude and perception among mothers towards immunization in a tertiary care teaching hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 3429
Author(s):  
Sarfaraz Md. ◽  
Athira A. ◽  
Lakshmi Mani Deepa Thotamsetty ◽  
Sree Anoohya Ravilla ◽  
Naresh Nadikudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Counseling Session ◽  
Childhood Immunization ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Intervention Phase ◽  
Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital ◽  
Care Teaching ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: The knowledge, attitude and perception (KAP) of parents is an important factor for better immunization coverage. Previous studies showed misconceptions on parent’s knowledge towards childhood immunization. This study aimed at promoting the childhood immunization by providing information and knowledge to mothers regarding immunization.Methods: A prospective interventional study was conducted on 103 mothers for a period of six months in a tertiary care teaching hospital, Karnataka. The study was divided into Pre-intervention and post-intervention phases and was performed using a KAP questionnaire.Results: 103 mothers were enrolled in the study, of which 77 (74.75%) mothers were uneducated which was the main reason for lack of knowledge on immunization. Most of the mothers in pre-intervention phase got score in the range of 2-4 and in post-intervention phase they got score in the range of 10-12. A significant difference was observed in the Pre and Post-intervention scores which indicated that level of knowledge among mothers was improved after counseling session. Chi-square test was used to analyse the pre and post- intervention scores and was found to be significant (p<0.01). Out of 103 mothers who had attended counseling session on immunization 80 (77.66%) children were immunized, 23 (22.66%) were partially immunized and no one was unimmunized.Conclusions:It was therefore suggested that proper health education and health promotion interventions be taken as measures to improve knowledge, attitude and perception of mothers towards immunization as a disease prevention tool.  

scholarly journals Targeted food supplementation through National Nutrition Program and pregnancy weight gain status in selected upazilas

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
MR Karim ◽  
MS Flora ◽  
S Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Food Supplementation ◽  
Pregnancy Weight Gain ◽  
Nutrition Program ◽  
Intervention Area ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Program Intervention ◽  
Pregnancy Weight

A record based operational research was conducted to explore the effect of targeted food supplementation of National Nutritional Program on pregnancy weight-gain. Records of chronic energy deficient mothers who delivered their baby between 1st January and 31st December, 2008 in the study areas were reviewed. The study included 439 samples from Kapasia sub-district, a National Nutritional Program intervention area and 126 samples from Savar subdistrict, as control area. In the National Nutritional Program area 211 (48%) of the chronic energy deficient mothers were enrolled for supplementation and only 34 (8%) of them completed the full course. Samples of Kapasia and Savar were significantly different in their socio-demographic status. The early–pregnancy average body mass index of supplemented mothers (16.21±0.77) was significantly different from non supplemented mothers of Kapasia (17.14±.82) and Savar areas (17.03±1.19). Average pregnancy weight gain in mothers of control area (6.50±1.53 kg) were significantly lower than supplemented (7.94±1.99 kg) and non-supplemented mothers (7.82±2.28 kg) in National Nutrition Program intervention area (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed supplemented mothers were six times [OR with 95% CI; 6.34 (2.43,16.52) and non-supplemented mothers from same area were eleven times more likely to gain targeted weight than the mothers of control area after adjusting for other variables. Duration of supplementation did not show any influence on pregnancy weight gain. The current study showed significant difference in weight gain between National Nutrition Program area and control area, but no significant difference was noticed between non-supplemented and supplemented mothers within National Nutrition Program area. A large-scale well-designed trial is recommended to explore this effect. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v37i2.8438 BMRCB 2011; 37(2): 71-75

scholarly journals Characteristics of nursing professionals and the practice of ecologically sustainable actions in the medication processes

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia de Oliveira Furukawa ◽  
Isabel Cristina Kowal Olm Cunha ◽  
Mavilde da Luz Gonçalves Pedreira ◽  
Patricia Beryl Marck
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Lean Six Sigma ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Sustainable Practices ◽  
Intervention Phase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Six Sigma Methodology ◽  
Ecologically Sustainable

ABSTRACT Objectives: to verify the correlation between the characteristics of professionals and the practice of sustainable actions in the medication processes in an ICU, and to determine if interventions such as training and awareness can promote sustainable practices performed by nursing staff in the hospital. Methods: before-and-after design study using Lean Six Sigma methodology, applied in an intensive care unit. Nursing staff were observed regarding the practice of ecologically sustainable actions during medication processes (n = 324 cases for each group (pre and post-intervention)) through a data collection instrument. The processes analyzed involved 99 professionals in the pre-intervention phase and 97 in the post-intervention phase. Data were analyzed quantitatively and the association of variables was accomplished by means of statistical inference, according to the nature of the related variables. Results: the education level was the only characteristic that showed to be relevant to an increase in sustainable practices, with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.002). When comparing before and after the intervention, there was an increase in environmentally friendly actions with statistically significant differences (p = 0.001). Conclusions: the results suggest that institutions should encourage and invest in formal education, as well as training of health professionals to promote sustainable practices in the hospital.

scholarly journals Using the Life Story Book With Mentally Alert Residents of Nursing Homes

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 487-487
Author(s):  
Theresa Chrisman
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wilks Lambda ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Hispanic White

Abstract Depression and lack of meaning in life (MIL) are common among residents of nursing homes (NHs) and contribute to a reduction in overall health and well-being. Life Story Book (LSB), a reminiscence intervention, is designed to provide a person with the opportunity to review their past and capture their life stories and photographs into a book. LSB has demonstrated positive outcomes for residents of NHs with dementia, yet little is known for residents without dementia. A switching replication design was used to examine the effects of LSB among 21 mentally alert residents from two NHs (NH-A and NH-B) in Houston, Texas. Participants in NH-A received three weeks of the LSB intervention, while NH-B received three weeks of care-as-usual; the intervention was then switched. The GDS-12R and the MIL questionnaire (MLQ) were used to measure depressive symptoms and MIL respectively. Participants from NH-A (n =11) and NH-B (n = 10) had a mean age of 75 years (SD =11.34); 81% female; 52% non-Hispanic white and 33% African American. Results from a one-way MANCOVA found no statistically significant difference on the GDS-12R and MLQ (F(3, 14) = 2.50, p = .102; Wilks’ Lambda = .652; η2 = .35). Further analyses comparing the pre-intervention and post-intervention scores for the entire sample (N =21) found a significant reduction in depressive symptoms (M = 2.67; SD = 2.52) and (M =1.67, SD = 2.29); (t (20) = 2.21, p = 0.039). The potential benefits of LSB for mentally alert residents of NHs warrants further research.

scholarly journals Effect of “Spatially Separated Speech in Noise Training” on speech perception in noise in children with bimodal fitting

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Younes Lotfi ◽  
Mahdieh Hasanalifard ◽  
Abdollah Moossavi ◽  
Enayatollah Bakhshi ◽  
Mohammad Ajalloueyan
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Auditory Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Interventional Study ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Speech Perception In Noise ◽  
Speech In Noise ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Recognition Ability

Abstract Background The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of “Spatially separated speech in noise” auditory training on the ability of speech perception in noise among bimodal fitting users. The assumption was that the rehabilitation can enhance spatial hearing and hence speech in noise perception. This study was an interventional study, with a pre/post-design. Speech recognition ability was assessed with the specific tests. After performing the rehabilitation stages in the intervention group, the speech tests were again implemented, and by comparing the pre- and post-intervention data, the effect of auditory training on the speech abilities was assessed. Twenty-four children of 8–12 years who had undergone cochlear implantation and continuously used bimodal fitting were investigated in two groups of control and intervention. Results The results showed a significant difference between the groups in different speech tests after the intervention, which indicated that the intervention group have improved more than the control group. Conclusion It can be concluded that “Spatially separated speech in noise” auditory training can improve the speech perception in noise in bimodal fitting users. In general, this rehabilitation method is useful for enhancing the speech in noise perception ability.

scholarly journals Ayurveda Body–Mind Constitutional Types and Role of Yoga Intervention Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Population of Chandigarh and Panchkula Regions

2021 ◽  
pp. 097275312110000
Author(s):  
Madhava Sai Sivapuram ◽  
Vinod Srivastava ◽  
Navneet Kaur ◽  
Akshay Anand ◽  
Raghuram Nagarathna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Yoga Intervention ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Background: Type 2 diabetes needs a better understanding of etiological factors and management strategies based on lifestyle and constitutional factors, given its high association rate with many cardiovascular, neurological disorders, and COVID-19 infection. Purpose: The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of Diabetes-specific integrated Yoga lifestyle Protocol (DYP) on glycemic control and lipid profiles of diabetic adults. Along with the DYP intervention, the individuals residing in Chandigarh and Panchkula union territories in the northern part of India were assessed for Ayurveda-based body–mind constitutional type. Ayurveda describes body–mind constitution as “ prakriti,” which has been discussed from two angles, namely physiological and psychological as body and mind are correlated. Methods: Cluster sampling of waitlist control study subjects was used as the sampling method for the study. A total of 1,215 registered subjects (81 diabetic) responded in randomly selected clusters in Chandigarh and Panchkula. Ayurveda physicians did Ayurveda body–mind constitutional assessment called prakriti assessment (physiological body–mind constitution assessment) in 35 participants (23 diabetic, 12 prediabetic) as a part of the study. Results: A group of 50 subjects was randomly selected for yoga intervention out of 81 diabetes mellitus adults, and 31 subjects were enrolled as waitlist controls. A significant decrease in the glycosylated hemoglobin levels from 8.49 ± 1.94% to 7.97 ± 2.20% in the intervention group was noticed. The lipid profiles of the DYP intervention and control groups were monitored. Three-month follow-up results of lipid profile diagnostic tests in intervention and control groups showed a significant difference between the two groups ( P < 0.05). Most diabetic and prediabetic individuals were found to have pitta dosha ( pitta controls all heat, metabolism, and transformation in the mind and body) as dominant constitution type. Conclusion: The study results demonstrated significant positive effects of yoga in diabetic individuals. This study has indicated the evidence for the safety and efficacy of the validated DYP for community-level interventions to prevent maladies like brain damage and stroke.

A Meta-Analysis of Extracorporeal Anticoagulants in Pediatric Continuous Kidney Replacement Therapy

2021 ◽  
pp. 088506662199275
Author(s):  
Rupesh Raina ◽  
Nirav Agrawal ◽  
Kirsten Kusumi ◽  
Avisha Pandey ◽  
Abhishek Tibrewal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Electrolyte Imbalance ◽  
Therapeutic Modality ◽  
Regional Citrate Anticoagulation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Kidney Replacement Therapy

Objective: Continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT) is the primary therapeutic modality utilized in hemodynamically unstable patients with severe acute kidney injury. As the circuit is extracorporeal, it poses an increased risk of blood clotting and circuit loss; frequent circuit losses affect the provider’s ability to provide optimal treatment. The objective of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the extracorporeal anticoagulants in the pediatric CKRT population. Data Sources: We conducted a literature search on PubMed/Medline and Embase for relevant citations. Study Selection: Studies were included if they involved patients under the age of 18 years undergoing CKRT, with the use of anticoagulation (heparin, citrate, or prostacyclin) as a part of therapy. Only English articles were included in the study. Data Extraction: Initial search yielded 58 articles and a total of 24 articles were included and reviewed. A meta-analysis was performed focusing on the safety and effectiveness of regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) vs unfractionated heparin (UFH) anticoagulants in children. Data Synthesis: RCA had statistically significantly longer circuit life of 50.65 hours vs. UFH of 42.10 hours. Two major adverse effects metabolic alkalosis and electrolyte imbalance seen more commonly in RCA compared to UFH. There was not a significant difference in the risk of systemic bleeding when comparing RCA vs. UFH. Conclusion: RCA is the preferred anticoagulant over UFH due to its significantly longer circuit life, although vigilant circuit monitoring is required due to the increased risk of electrolyte disturbances. Prostacyclin was not included in the meta-analysis due to the lack of data in pediatric patients. Additional studies are needed to strengthen the study results further.

scholarly journals Effects of a randomized controlled trial of a brief, student-nurse led, parent-based sexual health intervention on parental protective factors and HPV vaccination uptake

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Santa Maria ◽  
C. Markham ◽  
S. M. Misra ◽  
D. C. Coleman ◽  
M. Lyons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Health ◽  
Health Communication ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Adolescent Sexual Health ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sexual Health Communication ◽  
Parent Child

Abstract Background Parents play a pivotal role in adolescent sexual health and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. Nurses are on the frontlines of healthcare and play a critical role in promoting HPV vaccination and parent-child sexual health communication. We enhanced the Families Talking Together (FTT) parent-based sexual health curriculum to include adolescent vaccinations herein, FTT + HPV, and trained student nurses to provide a strong HPV vaccination and parent-child sexual health communication endorsement. Methods Using a randomized attention-controlled trial design, we examined the efficacy of FTT + HPV among 519 parents and their 11–14 year old youth recruited from medically underserved communities between 2015 and 2018. Participants were recruited from 22 after-school programs (e.g., Boys and Girls Clubs) and 19 charter schools. For parents, we examined protective factors including parent-child sexual health communication and parental involvement. For youth, we examined sexual health knowledge, parent-child sexual health communication, and parent-child connectedness. To assess HPV vaccination initiation and completion, we searched IMMTRAC immunization registry records for 85% of youth and used parental report for youth without registry records. Group differences were calculated using the estimated mean difference at one- and six months post-intervention with significance set at the p < 0.05 level. Results Baseline rates of HPV vaccination were low at 55.7%. No significant difference between the groups was seen in vaccination initiation or completion rates by one-month post-intervention. However, by six-months post intervention, there was a significant difference between the groups with 70.3% of the intervention group initiating the HPV vaccination series vs. 60.6% for the control group (p = 0.02). No difference between the groups was found for HPV series completion at six-months. There were significant differences in condom knowledge (p = 0.04), parent-child connectedness (p = 0.04), and communication frequency (p = 0.001) with greater improvement in the intervention vs. the control group. Rates of sexual activity remained low in both groups throughout the six-month follow-up period. Conclusion A brief parent-based adolescent sexual health and HPV vaccination intervention delivered by student nurses can improve sexual health outcomes including protective parental factors, adolescent sexual health knowledge, and HPV vaccination initiation rates. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02600884. Prospectively registered September 1, 2015.

scholarly journals Reproductive Performance Following Hysteroscopic Surgery for Uterine Septum: Results from a Single Surgeon Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Ertan Saridogan ◽  
Mona Salman ◽  
Lerzan Sinem Direk ◽  
Ali Alchami
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Reproductive Outcomes ◽  
Hysteroscopic Surgery ◽  
High Quality Evidence ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Uterine Septum

Uterine septum can negatively affect reproductive outcomes in women. Based on evidence from retrospective observational studies, hysteroscopic incision has been considered a solution to improve reproductive performance, however there has been recent controversy on the need for surgery for uterine septum. High quality evidence from prospective studies is still lacking, and until it is available, experts are encouraged to publish their data. We are therefore presenting our data that involves analysis of the patient characteristics, surgical approach and long-term reproductive outcomes of women who received treatment for uterine septum under the care of a single surgeon. This includes all women (99) who underwent hysteroscopic surgery for uterine septum between January 2001 and December 2019. Of those 99 women treated for intrauterine septum who were trying to conceive, 91.4% (64/70) achieved pregnancy, 78.6% (55/70) had live births and 8.6% (6/70) had miscarriages. No statistically significant difference was found in the live birth rates when data was analyzed in subgroups based on age, reason for referral/aetiology and severity of pathology. Our study results support the view that surgical treatment of uterine septa is beneficial in improving reproductive outcomes.

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