scholarly journals Methane emissions from lambs fed kikuyu hay alone or mixtured with lotus hay

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Juan Vargas ◽  
Martha Lucia Pabon ◽  
Juan E. Carulla
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Kikuyu Grass ◽  
Lotus Uliginosus

Dietaryinclusionof contain­tanninlegumes mayreduce enteric methane emissioninruminants. Toevaluate methane emissions fromsheep fed with a kikuyu grass (Cenchrus clandestinus) diet partially substitutedwith lotus(Lotus uliginosus), twelve growing lambs, with 23 ± 2 kg average liveweight, were assigned randomly totwo treatments and with three measurement periods in a switchover design. Treatments consisted of 100 %kikuyuhay or 70 %kikuyu hay: 30 %lotus hay and with 6 lambs per treatment. Each of three periods lasted 20 d, where thefirst 15 d were for acclimatization and the last 5 d for measurements. Lambs were placed in metabolic cages and fedonce a day (8 AM) at 90 %of their voluntary feedintake, with free access to drinking water. Feedintake, fecalproductionandfeeddigestibility were determinedat eachperiod. Methane productionwas measuredfor eachtreatment group of 6 lambs using the poly­tunnel technique. Legume addition reduced total methane production(27.6vs.23.1 g animal­1; p < 0.01), methane production per dry matter intake (DMI) (18.8 vs. 12.2 g kg­1DMI; p <0.01), methane production per digestible OM(DOM) (36.1vs. 23.4 g kg­1DOM; p < 0.01) and methane productionper digestible NDF (DNDF) (43.5vs. 34.0 g kg­1DNDF; p < 0.01). In conclusion, lotus inclusion in pasture systemscould be a suitable legume to reduce methane emissions in grazing systems.

Intake, digestibility, methane and heat production in bison, wapiti and white-tailed deer

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Galbraith ◽  
G. W. Mathison ◽  
R.J. Hudson ◽  
T. A. McAllister ◽  
K.-J. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Energy Requirements

A 3 × 2 factorial experiment was conducted in which the digestibility of alfalfa pellets and methane and heat productions were measured in bison, wapiti and white-tailed deer in February/March 1995 and in April/May 1995. Voluntary dry matter intake (DMI) while animals were individually fed averaged 70, 87 and 68 g kg−0.75 d−1, respectively (P = 0.05), and was generally higher in April/May than in February/March. Corresponding organic digestibilities were 52.9, 54.1 and 49.1% (P = 0.10). There was also a trend (P < 0.1) for fiber digestibilities to be lowest for deer. Methane production (L kg−1 DMI), was 30.1, 23.5, and 15.0 L kg−1 for bison, wapiti and deer, respectively (P = 0.01), with more (P < 0.01) methane being produced in February/March than in April/May (28 vs. 18 L kg−1 DMI). No differences in heat production (kJ kg−0.75) or estimated energy requirements for maintenance could be detected between species, although animals numerically produced 40% more heat (881 vs. 632 kJ kg−0.75, P = 0.13) in April/May when feed intakes were higher than in February/March. It was concluded that DMI of native ungulates is higher in spring than winter and that methane emissions per unit feed consumed were the highest with bison and the least with white-tailed deer. Key words: Bison, deer, wapiti, digestibility, methane, calorimetry

Impact of prolonged cold exposure on dry matter intake and enteric methane emissions of beef cows overwintered on low-quality forage diets with and without supplemented wheat and corn dried distillers’ grain with solubles

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Bernier ◽  
M. Undi ◽  
J. C. Plaizier ◽  
K. M. Wittenberg ◽  
G. R. Donohoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Distillers Grain ◽  
Dried Distillers Grain ◽  
Neutral Conditions ◽  
Enteric Methane Emissions

Bernier, J. N., Undi, M., Plaizier, J. C., Wittenberg, K. M., Donohoe, G. R. and Ominski, K. H. 2012. Impact of prolonged cold exposure on dry matter intake and enteric methane emissions of beef cows overwintered on low-quality forage diets with and without supplemented wheat and corn dried distillers’ grain with solubles. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 92: 493–500. This study was conducted to determine the impact of prolonged cold exposure on dry matter intake (DMI) and enteric methane (CH4) emissions of overwintering beef cows consuming low-quality forage with and without supplemented protein in the form of dried distillers’ grain with solubles (DDGS). The study was carried out with 30 mature, dry, open beef cows (663±52.9 kg) that were fed a low-quality (deficient CP, 6.0% CP) forage (control), low-quality forage supplemented with 10% DDGS (sufficient CP, 8.7% CP; DDGS10) or 20% DDGS (excess CP, 11.6% CP; DDGS20). Carrying out the study from October through February allowed assessment under thermal neutral and prolonged cold conditions typical of the prairie region of Canada (Manitoba, Alberta and Saskatchewan). Average minimum and maximum daily temperatures were 2.7 and 13.8°C in the thermal neutral period, and –23.5 and −11.0°C in the prolonged cold period, respectively. When no protein supplements were offered, cows exposed to prolonged cold consumed less (P=0.01) forage than when exposed to thermal neutral conditions. Enteric CH4 emissions, when measured as litres per day, were not influenced (P>0.05) by dietary protein supplementation, averaging 285.6±11.71, 311.9±11.49 and 282.6±13.02 L d−1 for cows fed control, DDGS10, and DDGS20 diets, respectively. When expressed as a percentage of energy consumed, cows consuming low-quality forage supplemented with 20% DDGS produced 18.5% less (P=0.01) enteric CH4 relative to cows consuming the low-quality forage only, with emissions of 5.3±0.38 and 6.5±0.33% GEI, respectively. Mature beef cows maintained at the same physiological status and dietary regime produced 26.8% less (P=0.001) enteric CH4 (7.1±0.30 vs. 5.2±0.26% GEI) under prolonged cold as compared with thermal neutral conditions. Based on these results, enteric CH4 emissions for the Canadian cow herd that is overwintered outdoors may be overestimated using current International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodology.

scholarly journals Pithecellobium dulce, Tagetes erecta and Cosmos bipinnatus on reducing enteric methane emission by dairy cows

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Stefanny Hernández Pineda ◽  
Paulina Elizabeth Pedraza Beltrán ◽  
Mohammed Benaouda ◽  
José Manuel Palma García ◽  
Francisca Avilés Nova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Methane Emission ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Tagetes Erecta ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Cosmos Bipinnatus

ABSTRACT: The aim of the present research was to evaluate the effect of Pithecellobium dulce, Tagetes erecta and Cosmos bipinnatus on methane emission, milk yield and dry matter intake in dairy cattle. A 4×4 Latin square experimental design was employed, using four multiparous Holstein cows of 553±72.4kg body weight, at mid lactation and average milk yield of 17.3±3kg/day. The experiment lasted 92 days, divided into four experimental periods of 23 days each. All cows had free access to maize and alfalfa silage in a 50:50 proportion, 4kg of concentrate/day and ad libitum access to water. Treatments consisted in supplementation of 0.5kg/day of the experimental plants, with one control treatment without supplementation. Each cow received one of each treatment in turn during one of the four periods. The C. bipinnatus reduced methane production by 16% (P<0,05) in comparison with the control diet. Milk production, milk composition and dry matter intake were not affected (p>0 0.05) by the use of C. bipinnatus or any other plant species. Supplementation at low doses of C. bipinnatus showed a reduction in ruminal methane production in dairy cows.

A review of feeding supplementary nitrate to ruminant animals: nitrate toxicity, methane emissions, and production performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanhee Lee ◽  
Karen A. Beauchemin
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Enteric Methane Emissions

Lee, C. and Beauchemin, K. A. 2014. A review of feeding supplementary nitrate to ruminant animals: Nitrate toxicity, methane emissions, and production performance. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 557–570. The purpose of this review is to discuss the risks and benefits of using supplementary nitrate to reduce enteric methane emissions in ruminants based on the results of a meta-analysis. The meta-analysis confirmed possible nitrate poisoning triggered by higher blood methemoglobin levels with increasing nitrate consumption of ruminants: methemoglobin (%)=41.3×nitrate [g kg−1 body weight (BW) d−1]+1.2; R 2=0.76, P<0.001. However, acclimatizing animals to nitrate reduced the toxicity of nitrate: methemoglobin (%)=4.2×nitrate (g kg−1 BW d−1)+0.4, R 2=0.76, P=0.002. Animals fed nitrate reduced enteric methane emissions in a dose-response manner: methane [g kg−1 dry matter intake (DMI)]=−8.3×nitrate (g kg−1 BW d−1)+15.2, R 2=0.80, P<0.001. The reduction of enteric methane emissions due to supplementary nitrate was effective and consistent in both in vitro and in vivo studies and also persistent in several long-term studies. Dry matter intake and live weight gain (LWG) of cattle were not affected by nitrate: DMI change, R 2=0.007, P=0.65; LWG change, R 2=0.03, P=0.31. It is anticipated that supplementary nitrate as a substitute for urea may change urinary nitrogen composition in a manner that increases ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions from manure. Furthermore, supplementary nitrate may have various physiological roles in nitric oxide metabolism in ruminants. In conclusion, supplementary nitrate is a viable means of mitigating enteric methane emissions due to its consistent and persistent efficacy. Risk of toxicity can be lowered by gradual acclimation of animals to nitrate. However, lowered methane production may not re-direct additional metabolizable energy towards animal production.

scholarly journals Methane production from in vitro incubation of kikuyu grass, lucerne and forages containing condensed tannins

2005 ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.H. Tavendale ◽  
L.P. Meagher ◽  
Z.A. Park-Ng ◽  
G.C. Waghorn ◽  
G.T. Attwood
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Kikuyu Grass

A series of in vitro incubations with kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum), lucerne and six legumes containing condensed tannins (CT) were undertaken to evaluate this technique against in vivo trials in New Zealand, measuring methane emissions. Published trials have demonstrated a reduction in methane emissions associated with CT and in one instance from kikuyu. The incubations used fresh minced forage (equivalent to 0.5 g dry matter (DM)) and were carried out in 50 ml sealed bottles containing buffer and rumen inoculum. Gas was sampled through a septum to monitor volume and composition throughout the 24h incubation. Incubation for 24 h resulted in 2.4-6.6 % conversion of DM to methane, and suggested CT concentrations below about 8% of the DM can reduce methane production without inhibiting fermentation rate. Higher concentrations of CT (> 8%) were associated with a lower rate of digestion. In common with in vivo trials, CT concentration in forage DM was inversely related to methane (adjusted R2 = 0.49; P = 0.01) and volatile fatty acid (adjusted R2=0.86; P

Milk yield of dairy cows given restricted access to water in a Mediterranean-type climate

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (109) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
KR King ◽  
CR Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Restricted Access ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Maximum Air Temperature

During summer in the Goulburn Valley, two herds of Jersey- Friesian crossbred cows were used to study the effects of restricted access to drinking water. There were three treatments applied to two herds-(1) free access, (2) 20 min. access before each milking, and (3) 20 min. access before the night milking only. One herd was individually penned and had free access to shade while the other was grazed with no access to shade. Both herds were fed irrigated perennial pasture containing 24.5% dry matter. Maximum air temperature averaged 33.7�C. Over the whole experiment, restricting the access of dairy cows to drinking water did not significantly reduce mean milk yield (mean 12.6 kg/cow day-1) or mean liveweight of cows (mean 41 1 kg) in either herd. However, during the first 4 days of treatment, mean milk yield and mean liveweight were lower (P < 0.05) for cows on a once-a-day access than for those on either free or twice-daily access. In the pen experiment, intake of drinking water averaged 67,45 and 49 l/cow day-1 for treatments 1, 2 and 3, respectively; dry matter intake was unaffected by treatment (mean 15.6 kg/cow day-1). Because of the modifying influence of shade on the environment of the penned cows, there was no significant effects of climate on their water intake. It was concluded that farmers need not supply drinking water to dairy cows in all paddocks.

scholarly journals Effects of pregrazing herbage mass in late spring on enteric methane emissions, dry matter intake, and milk production of dairy cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 99 (10) ◽  
pp. 7945-7955 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Muñoz ◽  
P.A. Letelier ◽  
E.M. Ungerfeld ◽  
J.M. Morales ◽  
S. Hube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Enteric Methane Emissions

scholarly journals Effect of Chitosan and Naringin on Enteric Methane Emissions in Crossbred Heifers Fed Tropical Grass

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1599
Author(s):  
Rafael Jiménez-Ocampo ◽  
María Denisse Montoya-Flores ◽  
Esperanza Herrera-Torres ◽  
Gerardo Pámanes-Carrasco ◽  
Jeyder Israel Arceo-Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
In Vitro Experiments ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Tropical Grass

In order to meet consumer needs, the livestock industry is increasingly seeking natural feed additives with the ability to improve the efficiency of nutrient utilization, alternatives to antibiotics, and mitigate methane emissions in ruminants. Chitosan (CHI) is a polysaccharide with antimicrobial capability against protozoa and Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, fungi, and yeasts while naringin (NA) is a flavonoid with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. First, an in vitro gas production experiment was performed adding 0, 1.5, 3.0 g/kg of CHI and NA under a completely randomized design. The substrate containing forage and concentrate in a 70:30 ratio on a dry matter (DM) basis. Compounds increased the concentration of propionic acid, and a significant reduction in methane production was observed with the inclusion of CHI at 1.5 g/kg in in vitro experiments (p < 0.001). In a dry matter rumen degradability study for 96 h, there were no differences in potential and effective degradability. In the in vivo study, six crossbred heifers fitted with rumen cannulas were assigned to a 6 × 6 Latin square design according to the following treatments: control (CTL), no additive; chitosan (CHI1, 1.5 g/kg DMI); (CHI2, 3.0 g/kg DMI); naringin (NA1, 1.5 g/kg DMI); (NA2, 3.0 g/kg DMI) and a mixture of CHI and NA (1.5 + 1.5 g/kg DMI) given directly through the rumen cannula. Additives did not affect rumen fermentation (p > 0.05), DM intake and digestibility of (p > 0.05), and enteric methane emissions (p > 0.05). CHI at a concentration of 1.5 g/kg DM in in vitro experiments had a positive effect on fermentation pattern increasing propionate and reduced methane production. In contrast, in the in vivo studies, there was not a positive effect on rumen fermentation, nor in enteric methane production in crossbred heifers fed a basal ration of tropical grass.

245 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Mitigation Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 195-196
Author(s):  
Ermias Kebreab ◽  
Mallory Honan ◽  
Breanna Roque ◽  
Juan Tricarico
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Emissions Mitigation ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Enteric Methane Emissions

Abstract Livestock production contributed 3.9% to the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from the US in 2018. Most studies to mitigate GHG from livestock are focused on enteric methane because it contributes about 70% of all livestock GHG emissions. Mitigation options can be broadly categorized into dietary and rumen manipulation. Enteric methane emissions are strongly correlated to dry matter intake and somewhat sensitive to diet composition. Dietary manipulation methods include increasing feed digestibility, such as concentrate to forage ratio, or increasing fats and oils, which are associated with lower methane emissions. These reduce digestible fiber that are positively related to methane production and more energy passing the rumen without being degraded, respectively. Rumen manipulation through feed additives can be further classified based on the mode of action: 1. rumen environment modifiers indirectly affecting emissions and 2. direct methanogenesis inhibitors. The rumen environment modifiers act on the conditions that promote methanogenesis. These include ionophores, plant bioactive compounds such as essential oils and tannins, and nitrate rich feeds that serve as alternative hydrogen sinks and directly compete with methanogens thereby reducing methane emissions. The inhibitor category include 3-nitroxypropanol and seaweeds containing halogenated compounds. The former was reported to reduce enteric methane emissions (g/d) by 39% in dairy and 22% in beef cattle. Seaweed, in particular Asparagopsis spp., reduced emissions intensity (g/kg milk) by up to 67% in dairy and emissions yield (g/kg dry matter intake) by up to 98% in beef cattle. Because inhibitors are structural analogs of methane, their mode of action is through competitive inhibition of the methyl transfer reaction catalyzed by methyl coenzyme-M reductase, the last enzyme in methanogenesis. The combination of dietary and rumen manipulation options, including feed additives, is expected to reduce enteric methane emissions by over 30% in the next decade without compromising animal productivity and health.

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