Immigrant Entrepreneurship and Minority Business

Research on ethnic entrepreneurship has generated substantial literature on the development of ethnic businesses among different immigrant groups in North America. Such studies tend to focus on the emergence of immigrant entrepreneurship among earlier immigrant groups by highlighting either the group characteristics or the opportunity structure. Existing studies also tend to overlook the importance of innovation in immigrants’ small businesses due to the marginality of immigrant businesses. Thus, there is a dearth of research on new immigrant communities in the USA that illuminates immigrants’ innovative practices. Drawing on the experiences of 50 Bangladeshi entrepreneurs in New York, this research examined how this emerging immigrant group transformed into immigrant entrepreneurs through the investigation of their innovative practices in small business. This paper determined that immigrant entrepreneurs are embedded within the dynamics of the immigration trajectory and the broader context of American society. Although these new immigrants were driven towards the lower end of the economy, this study found that innovations have expanded the breadth and depth of their businesses and made their businesses different and rewarding.

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Small Business Collaboration Through Electronic Marketplaces

Encyclopedia of E-Collaboration ◽

10.4018/978-1-59904-000-4.ch086 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 569-576

Author(s):

Yin Leng Tan ◽

Linda Macaulay

Keyword(s):

Strategic Alliances ◽

Small Businesses ◽

Driving Force ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Business Sector ◽

The Usa ◽

The Uk ◽

National Economies ◽

Data Design ◽

Business Framework

It is widely recognized that small businesses with less than 50 employees make significant contributions to the prosperity of local, regional, and national economies. They are a major source of job creation and a driving force of economic growth for developed countries like the USA (Headd, 2005; SBA, 2005), the UK (Dixon, Thompson, & McAllister, 2002; SBS, 2005), Europe (European Commission, 2003), and developing countries such as China (Bo, 2005). The economic potential is further strengthened when firms collaborate with each other; for example, formation of a supply chain, strategic alliances, or sharing of information and resources (Horvath, 2001; O’Donnell, Cilmore, Cummins, & Carson, 2001; MacGregor, 2004; Todeva & Knoke, 2005). Owing to heterogeneous aspects of small businesses, such as firm size and business sector, a single e-business solution is unlikely to be suitable for all firms (Dixon et al., 2002; Taylor & Murphy, 2004a); however, collaboration requires individual firms to adopt standardized, simplified solutions based on open architectures and data design (Horvath, 2001). The purpose of this article is to propose a conceptual e-business framework and a generic e-catalogue, which enables small businesses to collaborate through the creation of an e-marketplace. To assist with the task, analysis of data from 6,000 small businesses situated within a locality of Greater Manchester, England within the context of an e-business portal is incorporated within this study.

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Implications of online funding regulations for small businesses

Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance ◽

10.1108/jfrc-02-2014-0012 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 349-364 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Peter Yeoh

Keyword(s):

Small Businesses ◽

Global Financial Crisis ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Added Value ◽

Primary Data ◽

Content Type ◽

Investment Opportunities ◽

The Usa ◽

Small Investors ◽

The Uk

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the implications of exemptions to facilitate small businesses’ access to crowdfunding (CF) schemes. The aftermath of the 2008 global financial crisis and even now witnessed many small profits and non-profits encountering significant difficulties in accessing funding from the conventional sources and on many occasions have to turn to the newly emerging Internet-enabled donation or product compensation CF schemes. Access to securities-based CF schemes has, however, been seriously difficult due to securities laws obstacles. Regulatory authorities in the USA and the UK have responded with exemptions to facilitate small businesses’ access to CF. Design/methodology/approach – The paper driven by the qualitative doctrinal approach would rely extensively on primary data from the applicable regulations and secondary data from industry sources and other publicly available commentaries. Findings – Securities-based CF schemes hitherto heavily restricted in the USA and the UK are under current regulatory interventions-accorded exemption status, thereby enabling enhanced access for those small businesses seeking alternatives to conventional financing and enhanced investment opportunities for small investors. The paper’s preliminary analysis suggests that the proposed new regulatory rules in the USA and the UK are generally well-balanced with adequate small investors’ protection, while simultaneously not hampering the innovative growth of small businesses with excessive restrictions. Further, the preparedness of the regulators to fine-tune the proposed rules as the CF industry evolves would likely ensure its orderly growth, thereby helping to address various humanitarian and social challenges in these jurisdictions. Originality/value – The added value of the analysis lies in its substantive evaluation of the proposed rules in both jurisdictions to ascertain the feasibility of securities-based CF schemes as alternatives for small businesses in relation to traditional financing and enhanced investment opportunities for small unsophisticated investors.

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Ethnic minority businesses and targeted assistance programs in the US and the UK

Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development ◽

10.1108/jsbed-10-2013-0142 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 199-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Matthew C. Sonfield

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Minority ◽

Minority Business ◽

Current Status ◽

Content Type ◽

Assistance Programs ◽

Minority Businesses ◽

The Usa ◽

Ethnic Minority Businesses ◽

The Uk ◽

Targeted Assistance

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on the current status and the development of ethnic minority businesses in the USA and in the UK. Comparing the two countries’ past, current, and likely future situations and recognizing that each situation offers some lessons to the other, implications for minority business owners and for those who assist or study such businesses in each country are presented. Design/methodology/approach – This paper presents descriptive research and analysis, developed from a thorough study of governmental and non-governmental minority business assistance programs, and of corporate procurement programs, utilizing both primary and secondary sources; governmental, non-governmental organization and corporate publications; and the existing academic and practitioner literature. Findings – Practitioners, consultants, and researchers in both the USA and the UK face considerable regulatory, demographic and other challenges and opportunities over the coming years with regard to the status and progress of minority-owned businesses and the appropriate nature of public and private policies and programs to foster and assist such businesses. Each country can benefit from the other's experience, as discussed and explained in this paper. Practical implications – Specific recommendations are provided for those involved with targeted assistance programs in each country – for practitioners, governmental, and non-governmental program administrators, consultants to such businesses, and those who conduct research with this focus. Originality/value – A search of the existing literature indicates that research with this focus has not been previously published.

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Small Business Collaboration Through Electronic Marketplaces

Electronic Business ◽

10.4018/978-1-60566-056-1.ch061 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 992-1001

Author(s):

Yin Leng Tan ◽

Linda Macaulay

Keyword(s):

Strategic Alliances ◽

Small Businesses ◽

Driving Force ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Business Sector ◽

The Usa ◽

The Uk ◽

National Economies ◽

Data Design ◽

Business Framework

It is widely recognized that small businesses with less than 50 employees make significant contributions to the prosperity of local, regional, and national economies. They are a major source of job creation and a driving force of economic growth for developed countries like the USA (Headd, 2005; SBA, 2005), the UK (Dixon, Thompson, & McAllister, 2002; SBS, 2005), Europe (European Commission, 2003), and developing countries such as China (Bo, 2005). The economic potential is further strengthened when firms collaborate with each other; for example, formation of a supply chain, strategic alliances, or sharing of information and resources (Horvath, 2001; O’Donnell, Cilmore, Cummins, & Carson, 2001; MacGregor, 2004; Todeva & Knoke, 2005). Owing to heterogeneous aspects of small businesses, such as firm size and business sector, a single e-business solution is unlikely to be suitable for all firms (Dixon et al., 2002; Taylor & Murphy, 2004a); however, collaboration requires individual firms to adopt standardized, simplified solutions based on open architectures and data design (Horvath, 2001). The purpose of this article is to propose a conceptual e-business framework and a generic e-catalogue, which enables small businesses to collaborate through the creation of an e-marketplace. To assist with the task, analysis of data from 6,000 small businesses situated within a locality of Greater Manchester, England within the context of an e-business portal is incorporated within this study.

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Family Business

The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation ◽

10.5367/000000002101298980 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 75-76

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

North America ◽

East Asia ◽

Family Business ◽

Information Sources ◽

Family Businesses ◽

Chinese Family ◽

South East Asia ◽

The Usa ◽

The Uk

‘Internet Review’ identifies relevant and useful Internet-based information sources and reviews Websites related to entrepreneurship and innovation. This issue's article reviews interesting Websites on family business. The greatest part of the wealth of the UK and the USA lies with manager-owned or family-controlled businesses. Family businesses comprise over 75% of all businesses in the UK and 80–90% of those in North America. Chinese family businesses also play a major role in the economic development of China and South-east Asia.

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Openness and information technology: a bibliometric analysis of literature production

Kybernetes ◽

10.1108/k-10-2016-0292 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 46 (5) ◽

pp. 750-766 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Helena Blažun Vošner ◽

Samo Bobek ◽

Simona Sternad Zabukovšek ◽

Peter Kokol

Keyword(s):

Information Technology ◽

Content Analysis ◽

Bibliometric Analysis ◽

Information Sources ◽

Content Type ◽

The Usa ◽

Information And Communication ◽

Funding Opportunities ◽

The Uk ◽

Literature Production

Purpose Research in the field of openness has become very broad and, unfortunately, also opaque. Thus, the purpose of this paper was to analyse and map the trends by applying bibliometric tools to the scientific literature published between 1990 and 2015, for descriptive bibliometric analysis, and 2011 to 2015, for content analysis. Design/methodology/approach A bibliometric analysis was used to identify document types, most prolific institutions, countries, source titles and Web of Science categories in the field of openness. Furthermore, bibliometric mapping was performed to discover country and institutional cooperation networks and to be able to understand funding opportunities for openness and information technology research. Additionally, with content analysis, scientific landscape was produced with most prolific terms and their chronological evolution through time. Findings The first information sources were published in 1990, and production was steady until 1998. After that period, the growth becomes exponential for the total number of information sources, as well as articles and proceedings papers, with a slight decrease in growth between 2009 and 2011. Descriptive bibliometric analysis showed that the most productive countries were the USA, the UK, Germany, China, Italy and Spain. Originality/value This paper presents the first holistic bibliometric analysis of the literature production concerning openness in relation to information and communication technology which helps researchers in the field to better understand the relations between themes and outsiders to get an overview of the openness scientific landscape.

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Does the crowd mean business? An analysis of rewards-based crowdfunding as a source of finance for start-ups and small businesses

Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development ◽

10.1108/jsbed-05-2017-0165 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 147-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Joe Cox ◽

Thang Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Small Businesses ◽

Financial Support ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Set Covering ◽

Data Set ◽

Content Type ◽

Unique Data ◽

The Usa ◽

The Uk ◽

Start Ups

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the extent to which rewards-based crowdfunding really does provide financial support for start-ups and small businesses relative to other types of activity such as creative and cultural projects. Design/methodology/approach The paper reports findings from a series of multiple regression on a unique data set covering around 205,000 rewards-based crowdfunding projects across a number of leading platforms in the USA, the UK and Canada. Findings The authors report two main findings. First, rewards-based crowdfunding is highly inequitably distributed and that success is concentrated within a relatively small number of platforms and campaigns. Second, crowdfunding campaigns explicitly related to business perform relatively poorly compared with those in other categories; particularly those in creative areas such as music and dance. Originality/value These findings call into question the extent to which rewards-based crowdfunding really is a means by which significant numbers of start-ups can bridge gaps in the provision of finance.

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First Steps towards Self-Employment – Microcredit for Enterprise in Scotland

Scottish Affairs ◽

10.3366/scot.2014.0016 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 169-191 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Neil McHugh ◽

Morag Gillespie ◽

Jana Loew ◽

Cam Donaldson

Keyword(s):

Economic Policy ◽

Small Businesses ◽

Enterprise Development ◽

Grameen Bank ◽

Economic Strategy ◽

Self Employment ◽

Start Up ◽

The Uk ◽

Poor Communities

While lending for small businesses and business start-up is a long-standing feature of economic policy in the UK and Scotland, little is known about the support available for those taking the first steps into self-employment, particularly people from poorer communities. This paper presents the results of a project that aimed to address this gap. It mapped provision of support for enterprise, including microcredit (small loans for enterprise of £5,000 or less) and grants available to people in deprived communities. It found more programmes offering grants than loans. Grants programmes, although more likely to be time limited and often linked to European funding, were generally better targeted to poor communities than loan programmes that were more financially sustainable. The introduction of the Grameen Bank to Scotland will increase access to microcredit, but this paper argues that there is a place – and a need – for both loans and grants to support enterprise development across Scotland. A Scottish economic strategy should take account of all levels of enterprise development and, in striving towards a fairer Scotland, should ensure that the poorest people and communities are not excluded from self-employment because of the lack of small amounts of support necessary to take the first steps.

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An early mainstream economist from Hungary: István Varga (1897–1962)

Acta Oeconomica ◽

10.1556/aoecon.53.2003.2.4 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 195-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. Majoros

Keyword(s):

Austrian Economic ◽

National Income ◽

Anglo Saxon ◽

Turbulent Times ◽

The Usa ◽

New Ideas ◽

Modern Economic ◽

The Uk ◽

Economic Thinking ◽

Lasting Influence

The study introduces a Hungarian economic thinker, István Varga*, whose valuable activity has remained unexplored up to now. He became an economic thinker during the 1920s, in a country that had not long before become independent of Austria. The role played by Austria in the modern economic thinking of that time was a form of competition with the thought adhered to by the UK and the USA. Hungarian economists mainly interpreted and commented on German and Austrian theories, reasons for this being that, for example, the majority of Hungarian economists had studied at German and Austrian universities, while at Hungarian universities principally German and Austrian economic theories were taught. István Varga was familiar not only with contemporary German economics but with the new ideas of Anglo-Saxon economics as well — and he introduced these ideas into Hungarian economic thinking. He lived and worked in turbulent times, and historians have only been able to appreciate his activity in a limited manner. The work of this excellent economist has all but been forgotten, although he was of international stature. After a brief summary of Varga’s profile the study will demonstrate the lasting influence he has had in four areas — namely, business cycle research and national income estimations, the 1946 Hungarian stabilisation program, corporate profit, and consumption economics — and will go on to summarise his most important achievements.

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