Enterprise Characteristics and Constraints in Developing Countries

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeo Andrew Satta

There is currently a general consensus that enterprise promotion and growth constitute one of the viable strategies for achieving national development goals such as economic development and poverty alleviation. With various forms of support, enterprises are likely to improve their productivity and competitiveness, make a greater contribution to generating wealth and alleviating poverty among families of owners and workers alike, and create more jobs. Using data from a survey of 136 micro and small-scale enterprises (MSEs) in Tanzania, this paper examines enterprise characteristics and identifies a number of external constraints that influence enterprise growth. Based on the identified constraints the paper highlights a number of policy measures that may be relevant to the formulation of supportive programmes for MSE growth in Tanzania, and indeed other developing countries. This contribution probably comes at a critical moment when the Tanzanian government is in the process of developing a number of programmes to promote the MSE sector.

Author(s):  
Dadang Wiratama ◽  
Bintang Ramadhan Putra

Abstract Today the capital market is one of the instruments that plays an important role in the economy of developed and developing countries. For developing countries like Indonesia, the capital market is an economic potential that is able to offer solutions to capital problems that are often faced in the context of national development. Especially when efforts to obtain additional capital through loans are felt to be increasingly unprofitable. Likewise with the Islamic capital market, although it is still new when compared to other Islamic financial instruments, the development of the Islamic capital market in Indonesia is considered quite good. One of the sharia financial instruments that is an important financing for the state budget is sukuk. At home, sukuk are growing quite rapidly although the proportion is still relatively small compared to conventional markets. This will be able to support the development of the Islamic capital market in Indonesia, especially if it is able to capture the opportunities that exist. One such opportunity is waqf assets which are widely available in various regions in Indonesia and many are still not being worked productively. Dual integration between sukuk and waqf in Al Intifa‘a Sukuk is expected to be able to create a financial instrument that can boost economic development and alternatives for poverty alleviation efforts in Indonesia. Keyword: Sukuk, Waqf, Poverty, Islamic Capital Market   Abstrak Dewasa ini pasar modal menjadi salah satu instrumen yang memainkan peranan penting dalam perekonomian negara maju maupun berkembang. Bagi negara berkembang seperti Indonesia, pasar modal merupakan potensi perekonomian yang mampu menawarkan solusi bagi permasalahan permodalan yang sering dihadapi dalam rangka pembangunan nasional. Terlebih ketika upaya perolehan tambahan modal melalui pinjaman dirasa semakin tidak menguntungkan. Demikian halnya dengan pasar modal syariah, walaupun masih baru jika dibandingkan dengan instrumen keuangan syariah yang lain, tapi perkembangan pasar modal syariah di Indonesia dinilai cukup baik, Salah satu instrumen keuangan syariah yang menjadi pembiayaan penting bagi anggaran negara adalah sukuk. Di dalam negeri sendiri, sukuk tumbuh cukup pesat walaupun proporsinya masih relatih kecil dibandingkan dengan pasar konvensional. Hal ini akan mampu menunjang perkembangan pasar modal syariah di Indonesia, apalagi jika mampu menangkap peluang yang ada. Salah satu peluang tersebut adalah aset wakaf yang banyak terdapat di berbagai wilayah di Indonesia dan masih banyak yang belum tergarap secara produktif. Dual integrasi antara sukuk dan wakaf dalam Sukuk Al Intifa‘a diaharapkan mampu menciptakan sebuah instrumen keuangan yang bisa mendongkrak pembangunan ekonomi dan seabgai alternatif dalam upaya pengentasan kemiskinan di Indonesia. Kata kunci : Sukuk, Waqf, Kemiskinan, Pasar Modal Syariah


Itinerario ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Thee Kian Wie

Although national development of the developing countries involves much more than economic development alone, the overwhelming majority of these countries put a high priority on economic development, looking upon it as the best way to move from poverty ot material affluence. For this reason this paper will be mainly concerned with theimportance of historical research to a better understanding of the problems of economic development.


2015 ◽  
pp. 1555-1581
Author(s):  
Bongani Ngwenya

This chapter posits that Governance realignment from e-Government to e-Democracy constitutes a critical context for social and economic development in both developed and developing countries. E-Government and e-Democracy are not new phenomena in most developed countries and some developing countries in Asia and Africa. However, the degrees of political and economic variations between developed and developing countries poses a serious challenge to the efforts towards realignment of governance for social and economic development attainment. The findings in this chapter are that social and economic development lie at the intersection of e-Government and e-Democracy processes of governance realignment. Asymmetry in institutionalisation, and diffusion of e-Democracy amongst countries is widely attributed to economic and political variations in these countries. Unless these differences are skillfully identified and accommodated as such into the development and use models, e-Democracy efforts will not help achieve social and economic development goals, particularly those of developing countries.


2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleh Ahmed ◽  
Elizabeth Eklund

Rural accessibility means more than just reliable roads and cost-effective transportation networks. Rural accessibility is critical for achieving social and economic development in low-income developing countries such as Bangladesh where both rural and urban development are constrained by significant infrastructural deficiencies. It is also an important factor that determines the effects of natural disasters on these resource-constrained societies, since both disaster responses and sustainable development are compromised by poor rural accessibility. Using two contrasting case studies from Bangladesh, this article reveals the significance of improved rural accessibility on rural development and the effects of natural disasters on rural areas. The findings of this article suggest that the improvement of rural accessibility should be a top national development priority, since it increases the opportunities for sustainable social and economic development and reduces the adverse effects of natural disasters on the rural areas in developing countries such as Bangladesh.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-116
Author(s):  
Sanja Franc ◽  
Marina Perić Kasel ◽  
Ivona Škreblin Kirbiš

Investments from the diaspora and transnational entrepreneurship represent significant areas for potential contribution to national development. Due to the fact that diaspora members have the ability to connect with a wide range of potential partners and supporters in both their countries of origin and countries of residence, and thus create opportunities for investment, trade and outsourcing, developing countries which seek human and financial capital should put more focus on facilitation and promotion measures for collaboration with the diaspora. The main aim of this paper is to define and discuss most commonly used policy measures for promoting diaspora investments and transnational entrepreneurship in developing countries and giving recommendations for diaspora engagement. The analysis indicates that policy measures and the degree to which countries have begun to engage their diaspora vary, while most of them still miss an adequate institutional framework for promoting transnational networks which can be an important channel for fostering business development, job creation and innovation.


2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 588-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuru Gambo ◽  
Ilias Said ◽  
Radzi Ismail

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare the performance levels of small scale local government contractors (SSLGCs) in northern part of Nigeria with international practice. Previous studies focused attention primarily on benchmarking the performance of contractors, but were mostly conceptual rather than from empirical findings. This continuous to pose a challenge to the sustainable development of the construction industry, particularly, in developing countries like Nigeria. There is therefore a need to identify, assess and compare performance practice levels of small scale contractors. Design/methodology/approach The performance of each contractor was evaluated using a five-point Likert scale used in obtaining mean performance levels in respect to three classes of performance practices. A questionnaire survey was administered to major parties in the industry; clients, contractors and consultants who were selected by using a proportionate stratified random sampling technique. The contractors’ performance was compared by using ANOVA with post hoc. Findings The results indicated that the SSLGCs in Nigeria were average performers and there were effects and differences among the various contractors’ levels of performance with international practice. Research limitations/implications The study is limited to SSLGCs in northern part of Nigeria. Practical implications The study provided the criteria for evaluation of SSLGCs’ performance in Nigeria and other developing countries that faced similar problems. Social implications The study created bases for self-evaluation and competition among small scale contractors in Nigeria for the enhancement of productivity particularly in rural areas and general national development. Originality/value This study emanated from the governmental reports and past researches in the area of performance management on the persistence of the poor performance of small scale contractors in construction industry.


2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Henrique Sperandio Roxo

<p><strong>COMPRAS PÚBLICAS COMO INSTRUMENTO PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO ECONÔMICO NACIONAL: NOVIDADES E QUESTIONAMENTOS ORIUNDOS DAS ALTERAÇÕES PROMOVIDAS PELA LEI Nº 12.349/2010 </strong></p><p><strong>Resumo:</strong> O poder de compra do Estado é um instrumento relevante para a promoção do desenvolvimento econômico nacional, em especial quando alinhado a outros mecanismos de política industrial de corte vertical. Considerando a magnitude das compras públicas no Brasil, torna-se ainda mais necessário que os certames licitatórios atendam não apenas ao interesse primário da Administração Pública (maior “vantajosidade” nas contratações), mas também realizem políticas públicas vinculadas aos objetivos constitucionais que imperativamente moldam toda a atuação do Estado brasileiro. Neste sentido, torna-se essencial compreender como as alterações promovidas no art. 3º da Lei Geral de Licitações (Lei n.º 8.666/1993) possibilitam a efetiva conformação de políticas públicas a partir do mecanismo das compras governamentais. O presente estudo abordará especialmente as disposições legais e regulamentares que tornam subsistente a concessão de tratamento privilegiado na aquisição de produtos manufaturados e/ou serviços nacionais, seja a partir da instituição de margens de preferência, seja pela restrição à participação de bens importados nos certames licitatórios.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chaves:</strong> margem de preferência; licitações; tratamento privilegiado; restrição a bens importados; desenvolvimento nacional sustentável.</p><p><strong>PUBLIC PURCHASES AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR NATIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: NEWS AND QUESTIONS FROM THE AMENDMENTS PROMOTED BY LAW Nº 12.349 OF 2010</strong></p><p><strong>Abstract:</strong> Public policies can be managed by the application of measures that restrict the government’s purchase of supplies, producing relevant effects in the economic development, especially when these mechanisms are aligned with other vertical industrial policy measures. Considering the magnitude of Brazilian government procurement budget, it becomes strictly necessary that bidding processes conform also the purpose of promoting public policies connected to the economic constitutional aims, that necessarily must shape the role of Brazilian State. This work paper aim to understand how the changes introduced by the art 3º of the General Procurement Law (Law n.º 8.666/1993) allow the effective shaping of public polices from the mechanism of government procurement. This study will discuss in particular legal tools that make subsistente the privileged treatment concession in the puchase of manufactured goods and/or national services, either from the institution of preference margins, either by restricting the participacion of imported goods in the bidding processes.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> preference margins; government procurement; privileged treatment; national development; bidding processes.</p><p><strong>Data da submissão:</strong> 09/11/2016                   <strong>Data da aprovação:</strong> 09/12/2016</p>


1987 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-167
Author(s):  
Kimmo Kiljunen

The Nordic-SADCC cooperation initiative is potentially an innovative attempt to generate new forms of economic interaction between a well defined group of developed and developing countries. The partners concerned are internationally almost extreme cases as regards their level of socio-economic development. The extended cooperation framework between the two groups of countries is, however, well justified. Both groups are geographically concentrated and have a tradition of mutual development cooperation. Their policies as a whole have a similar emphasis on poverty alleviation and development as well as the consistent condemnation of the South African apartheid regime. Issues related to international politics rather than vested economic interests have offered the driving force in the emergence of this cooperation attempt. Never theless, the initiative is at this stage based on already existing measures and institutions and has not yet introduced qualitatively new patterns of mutual interaction.


1991 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-572
Author(s):  
Omar Altalib

The International Conference on Islam and Development in SoutheastAsia was held during September 25-26, 1991, at the Equatorial Hotel, KualaLumpur, Malaysia. The conference was jointly organized by the Academyof Malay Studies (University of Malaya), the Islamic Academy (Universityof Malaya), and the Information and Resource Center (Singapore) and wassponsored by the Hanns-Seidel Foundation. The conference's stated aim wasto demonstrate the differences in programs for cooperation between Islamiccountries, the integration attempts of developing countries, and the actualeconomic and political situations of Southeast Asian countries.There were four main panels in the program: a) Islam and Developmentin Southeast Asia: A Historical Perspective; b) Islam and the Political Process;c) Islam and Economic Development; and 4) Islam and the Future of theRegion.In the first panel, Khoo Kay Kim (professor of Malaysian history,University of Malaya) pointed out that Muslims have historically emphasizededucation, while in modern times they have tended to allow education tobe shaped by outside rather than inside influences. In addition, Muslimeducation in Southeast Asia has lagged behind national development. Atpresent, the education system in Malaysia continues to produce students who ...


2013 ◽  
pp. 1152-1191
Author(s):  
Kunal

This research work presents a conceptual framework used for analyzing financing mechanism for ICT projects. The focus is on developing countries with a focus on bridging digital divide and using ICT services for economic development. This is an effort in achieving millennium development goals, and the conventional financing mechanism of international organizations has been summarized. The aim is to increase the effectiveness of investment, and for the same purpose, a number of new financing mechanisms are devised by funding organization/agencies. These innovative mechanisms have been summarized with special focus on advantages and disadvantages. The graphic illustrations help in understanding fund flow in financing mechanism. These innovative mechanisms are further explained with the help of cases. A number of innovative financing mechanisms have been presented, which can be adopted for ICT projects in developing countries.


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