scholarly journals PAKISTAN HEALTHCARE INFRASTRUCTURE AND COVID-19: A CASE FOR ISOLATION AND QUARANTINE FACILITIES OPTIMIZATION IN THE CONTEXT OF PAKISTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
Omer Shujat Bhatti ◽  
Asad Ghufran
Keyword(s):  
Asian Country ◽  
World Health ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Context ◽  
Isolation Facilities

COVID-19 is one of the largest pandemic that hit the world at the end of 2019 and took the globe by a storm. With almost seven hundred fifty thousand affected and above thirty five thousand deaths at the time of writing this paper, it was declared by World Health Origination (WHO) a major global health crisis. Pakistan, a developing South Asian country having sixth largest population in the world having fragile and poor healthcare infrastructure also got hit badly with above one thousand six hundred affected and more than twenty deaths till the time of writing. With such a large health burden at stake and closing of all major socio-economic activities, with having very limited quarantine and isolation facilities, there was a dire need to explore the gap of existing healthcare infrastructure to cope with current circumstances. In order to explore the current context with reference to the COVID-19 health burden, existing infrastructure and facilities were explored through literature review and documented against the criteria and outlined by WHO, with respect to quarantine and isolation facilities. Development of a basic concept about nature of COVID-19 was explored with respect to Pakistan and its spread in the country. Existing actions taken by the governing concerned bodies and future planning were also explored. It was concluded through comparative analysis and exploration of the current line of actions by the governing bodies, that existing infrastructure fails to fulfill the need of the current pandemic situation and transformation of existing healthcare facilities and other allied buildings, like hostels and educational institutions, would not help in development of quarantine and isolation facilities. Infact they will create higher level risks for contamination and management of the disaster at hand, since these do not fulfill the set criterion for isolation and quarantine facilities with functional and spatial aspects. A two stream approach is proposed to handle the current situation with focus on using existing facilities at one hand with limited usage for quarantine and isolation, while developing new functional facilities using fast construction systems of pre-fabricated construction this will enable quick delivery of such infrastructure to manage the COVID-19 in Pakistan with context and climatic sensitive designs. Proposed design interventions associated with quarantine and isolation units were further explored and using standardized cargo containers design solutions were proposed.

scholarly journals Covid-19 pandemic and pediatric dentistry: Limitations from a student\\\'s viewpoint

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-122
Author(s):  
Maryam Siddiqui ◽  
Tanya Thakkar ◽  
Vivek Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Pediatric Dentistry ◽  
World Health ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The World ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Health Organization

We are confronting a global health crisis that is significantly impacting community health, bringing about the death toll, spreading human misery, and overturning individual’s lives. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), is striking societies at their core. This outbreak is inextricably linked to the students of the nation, as it has dramatically impeded educational sectors. With the closure of educational institutions across the world, instructional schooling has ground to a halt from the level of primary education up to the level of professional training. COVID-19 has exhibited significant psychological and actual consequences for the students. Guiding focuses or helplines/gateways should be set up to avoid any grave consequences and untoward misfortunes.

TIRYAQ-E-ARBA (A POLY HERBAL UNANI FORMULATION) IN FIGHTING AGAINST COVID 19 LIKE CONDITIONS – UNANI PERSPECTIVE

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nafisa Qibriya Khan ◽  
A. H. Farooqui ◽  
Syed Ayesha Fatima ◽  
Jalil Ahmad ◽  
Tausif S. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
World Health ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Unani Medicine ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Almost All

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic disease of modern time with unique and rapid transmission rate and affected almost all the nations without respecting any border. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is arguably the biggest health crisis the world has faced in 21st century. It is an infectious disease and declared pandemic by the World Health Organization. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, which originated in Wuhan, China, has now spread to 192 countries and administrative regions infecting nearly 800,000 individuals of all ages as of 31 March 2020. Though most infected individuals exhibit mild symptoms including fever, upper respiratory tract symptoms, shortness of breath, and diarrhoea, or are asymptomatic altogether, severe cases of infection can lead to pneumonia, multiple organ failure, and death. Globally, at least 7900 deaths have been directly attributed to COVID19, and this number is expected to rise with the ongoing epidemic. This is particularly crucial as the current outbreak involves a new pathogen (SARS-CoV-2), on which limited knowledge exists of its infectivity and clinical profile. Research is in progress on therapeutic efficacy of various agents including anti-malarials (Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine), antiviral drugs, and convalescent serum of recovered patients. Unani system of medicine is one of the traditional systems of medicine which is being explored for providing preventive, supportive and rehabilitative care to patients. Unani system of medicine has a detailed description of drugs that are utilized in many infectious diseases, including respiratory infections. Immune response is essential to eliminate virus and to preclude disease progression to severe stages. Therefore, it is important to summarize the evidence regarding the preventive measures, control options such as immune-stimulator and prophylactic treatment in Unani medicine against Covid19. This review summarizes various pharmacological actions of Unani formulation Tiryaq-e-Arba in Unani literature and various reported pharmacological activities which can possibly provide prevention, control and reduction of complications of this deadly disease.

scholarly journals An Exploratory Study on COVID-19 and the Rights of Children Based on Keyword Network Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seoyeon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Income Support ◽  
Online Classes ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The World ◽  
Entire Country ◽  
Keyword Network

Abstract COVID-19 has become a worldwide health crisis. Around March 2020, the entire country was shut down, including schools. This resulted in significant changes in the lives of children. In this study, the researcher conducted a keyword network analysis utilizing Ucinet ver 6.716 and NetDraw ver 2.173, after gathering the data using Textom in order to examine the current status of the rights of children in a COVID-19 pandemic. The findings of this study were that the degree centrality was higher with poverty, educational institutions, parents, teachers, income support, child care, child-rearing, caring, online classes, and child welfare, etc. Therefore, it can be said that there is an urgent need for the implementation of the respect of the rights of children all over the world in this COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Four pandemics: lessons learned, lessons lost

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
World Health ◽  
Swine Flu ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The World ◽  
Spanish Flu ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Health Organization

In the past 100 years, the world has faced four distinctly different pandemics: the Spanish flu of 1918-1919, the SARS pandemic of 2003, the H1N1 or “swine flu” pandemic of 2012, and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Each public health crisis exposed specific systemic shortfalls and provided public health lessons for future events. The Spanish flu revealed a nursing shortage and led to a great appreciation of nursing as a profession. SARS showed the importance of having frontline clinicians be able to work with regulators and those producing guidelines. H1N1 raised questions about the nature of a global organization such as the World Health Organization in terms of the benefits and potential disadvantages of leading the fight against a long-term global public health threat. In the era of COVID-19, it seems apparent that we are learning about both the blessing and curse of social media.

scholarly journals The Covid infodemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Hyland ◽  
Feng (Kevin) Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Highly Cited

Abstract Covid-19, the greatest global health crisis for a century, brought a new immediacy and urgency to international bio-medical research. The pandemic generated intense competition to produce a vaccine and contain the virus, creating what the World Health Organization referred to as an ‘infodemic’ of published output. In this frantic atmosphere, researchers were keen to get their research noticed. In this paper, we explore whether this enthusiasm influenced the rhetorical presentation of research and encouraged scientists to “sell” their studies. Examining a corpus of the most highly cited SCI articles on the virus published in the first seven months of 2020, we explore authors’ use of hyperbolic and promotional language to boost aspects of their research. Our results show a significant increase in hype to stress certainty, contribution, novelty and potential, especially regarding research methods, outcomes and primacy. Our study sheds light on scientific persuasion at a time of intense social anxiety.

scholarly journals Penggunaan Aplikasi Google Classroom sebagai Metode Pembelajaran Daring Selama Pandemi Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Mirza Ghulamudin Ghulamudin ◽  
Maufur ◽  
Beni Habibi
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
World Health ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
The World ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
In The Beginning

Covid-19 has now attacked Indonesia, where the spread of the disease is very fast. Not only in Indonesia, but all corners of the world are currently experiencing a health crisis. In the beginning, the spread of Covid-19 had an impact on economic activity which began to sluggish. This also has an impact on the education system in Indonesia. Until several countries decided to close schools and universities. In an effort to prevent the spread of covid-19, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends temporarily stopping activities that would potentially cause crowds. Even during the outbreak, covid-19 in Indonesia, there were many ways that the government did to prevent its spread through social distancing. Kemendikbud instructed through the Ministry of Education and Culture (Kemendikbud) Directorate of Higher Education Circular No. 1 of 2020 concerning the prevention of the spread of covid-19 in the world of Education to organize distance learning and advise students to learn from their homes. Teachers and students are starting to be required to follow the current situation by using technology as a distance learning medium. One of the media that is being favored by teachers as a learning medium is the Google Classroom application. This application is an application that can make it easier for students and teachers to create effective learning. Given that students today are a generation who are very familiar with the use of technology. The use of technology in learning is an alternative method used by teachers during the Covid-19 Pandemic.

scholarly journals Global Governance and the WHO’s Mandate Post-COVID-19 Crisis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Vilbert
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
World Health ◽  
First Year ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Democratic Principle ◽  
The World ◽  
Distribution Of Power ◽  
Health Organization

The COVID-19 has renovated the debate about global health governance. A number of scholars have proposed that the World Health Organization should assume the position of a central coordinator with hierarchical powers, demanding nation-states to “share their sovereignty”. This article presents four main objections to this project. First, when international institutions receive leverage, they use to impose “one-size-fits-all” policies, which conflicts with the characteristic heterogeny across countries. Second, geopolitical questions and the distribution of power in multilateral institutions put developing countries in a position of vulnerability within a hierarchical order. Third, the risk of crowding out parallel initiatives, especially from non-state actors. Fourth, decisions about health can have a major impact on countries, which may thwart the internal democratic principle. A Pareto improvement would be possible by strengthening the WHO’s operational capacity and its ability to issue technical guidance and coordinate with countries. To test this hypothesis, this study analyses the possible influence of the WHO’s guidance in the first year of the coronavirus health crisis, from January 2020 to January 2021, in 37 countries reported in the World Values Survey Wave 7 (2017-2020). The OLS regression performed shows a statistically significant negative relationship between the trust in the WHO, assumed as a proxy for the level of the organization's penetration, and the number of cases of COVID-19 (per million people) in the countries of the sample. These findings reinforce the hypothesis that there is a valid case for the countries to strengthen the WHO’s mandate post-COVID-19, but they should enhance the operations of provision of reliable information and support. Nation-states, in particular the developing ones, should eschew the temptation to create a hierarchical global health structure, which may not only fail due to countries’ asymmetries but is likely to create losers in the process.

scholarly journals World Health Organization Essential Medicines List: Multiple sclerosis disease-modifying therapies application

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
Jennifer McDonell ◽  
Kathleen Costello ◽  
Joanna Laurson-Doube ◽  
Nick Rijke ◽  
Gavin Giovannoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
Disease Modifying Therapies ◽  
The World ◽  
Disease Modifying ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) publishes a biennial Essential Medicines List (EML) to assist governments in low-resource settings to prioritize their spending on medicines. Currently, no medicines on the EML have a multiple sclerosis (MS) indication. Multiple Sclerosis International Federation (MSIF) prepared an application for inclusion of MS disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for the 2019 EML together with the regional Committees for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (TRIMS) and the World Federation of Neurology. Rationale: The MSIF taskforce categorized 15 DMTs according to their efficacy and risk profiles to ensure the ability to treat as many different clinical scenarios as possible. Three DMTs were selected: glatiramer acetate, fingolimod, and ocrelizumab. Outcome: The WHO Expert Committee did not recommend the addition of any of the DMTs to the EML. They acknowledged the public health burden of MS, the need for effective and affordable MS medications, and the high volume of letters received in support of the application but requested a revised application. Discussion: Despite the negative outcome, the repeated recognition of MS as a global public health burden is sending a powerful message to governments globally that a range of affordable and good quality medications need to be available to health systems and people affected by MS.

scholarly journals Exploring WHO Communication during the COVID 19 Pandemic through the WHO Website Based on W3C Guidelines: Accessible for All?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5663
Author(s):  
Elena Fernández-Díaz ◽  
Patricia P. Iglesias-Sánchez ◽  
Carmen Jambrino-Maldonado
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Digital Version ◽  
Recommendations For Action ◽  
The World ◽  
Accessibility Guidelines ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Health Content

Health crisis situations generate greater attention and dependence on reliable and truthful information from citizens, especially from those organisations that represent authority on the subject, such as the World Health Organization (WHO). In times of global pandemics such as COVID-19, the WHO message “health for all” takes on great communicative importance, especially from the point of view of the prevention of the disease and recommendations for action. Therefore, any communication must be understandable and accessible by all types of people, regardless of their technology, language, culture or disability (physical or mental), according to the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), taking on special relevance for public health content. This study analysed whether the WHO is accessible in its digital version for all groups of citizens according to the widely accepted standards in the field of the Internet. The conclusion reached was that not all the information is accessible in accordance with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.1, which implies that there are groups that are, to some extent, left out, especially affecting the elderly. This study can contribute to the development of proposals and suggest ways in which to improve the accessibility of health content to groups especially vulnerable in this pandemic.

scholarly journals Summary of the International Patient Safety Conference, June 28—29, 2019, Kathmandu, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak C. Bajracharya ◽  
Kshitij Karki ◽  
Chhiring Yangjen Lama ◽  
Rajesh Dhoj Joshi ◽  
Shankar Man Rai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Improve Patient Safety ◽  
World Health ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Improve Patient

AbstractGlobally, medical errors are associated with an estimated $42 billion in costs to healthcare systems. A variety of errors in the delivery of healthcare have been identified by the World Health Organization and it is believed that about 50% of all errors are preventable. Initiatives to improve patient safety are now garnering increased attention across a range of countries in all regions of the world. From June 28--29, 2019, the first International Patient Safety Conference (IPSC) was held in Kathmandu, Nepal and attended by over 200 healthcare professionals as well as hospital, government, and non-governmental organization leaders. During the conference, presentations describing the experience with errors in healthcare and solutions to minimize future occurrence of adverse events were presented. Examples of systems implemented to prevent future errors in patient care were also described. A key outcome of this conference was the initiation of conversations and communication among important stakeholders for patient safety. In addition, attendees and dignitaries in attendance all reaffirmed their commitment to furthering actions in hospitals and other healthcare facilities that focus on reducing the risk of harm to patients who receive care in the Nepali healthcare system. This conference provides an important springboard for the development of patient-centered strategies to improve patient safety across a range of patient care environments in public and private sector healthcare institutions.

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