scholarly journals Applications of Technology for Livestock for Small Holders to Meet Global Food Production

Ceiba ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
Max F. Rothschild ◽  
Graham Plastow
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Small Holders ◽  
Developed World

While the Green Revolution greatly changed production of crops worldwide and helped feed over a billion people, improved production of livestock has been more limited across the globe. Modern advances in livestock production have in general only benefitted two groups: large scale livestock producers and consumers in the developed world. In some parts of the world many of the animal production practices have not changed for the last 1000 years and in other regions small holders have benefited only marginally by the scientific advances that now are an integral part of large scale commercial production. However, increased food insecurity and a worldwide food production crisis loom in the future as the most significant scientific challenge facing us in the next 30 years. Expectations are that human population growth will soon go from 7.3 billion to 9.6 billion by 2050, and food production must increase rapidly to meet the demand. These increases must come despite evidence of climate change and limited land and water resources. Whilst there is a perception of over consumption of animal products in the developed world, there are still significant numbers that are undernourished. Animal protein plays a very important role in achieving a balanced diet in the developing world, especially for the adequate nutrition of children. Furthermore, it is expected that significant increased demand for animal source foods will occur especially in the poorer countries of the developing world where most livestock are produced by small holders, but also in countries like China and Brazil which are transforming quickly. Many researchers have touted that modern feeding systems, and the use of advanced reproductive technologies and advanced genetics and genomics will provide solutions to increasing food in the developing world. These opportunities certainly exist, but direction and focus of research, funding issues, human capacity training and training of small holders will all be required for increasing livestock production to satisfy these demands. These activities will need to be embedded within sustainable programs that address implementation from the outset, and benefiting small holder production will be crucial to meeting this challenge.

scholarly journals Affinity Chromatography: An Enabling Technology for Large Scale Bioprocessing - How does it get to the Developing World

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 01-02
Author(s):  
Frank Riske ◽  
Brendan Riske
Keyword(s):  
Affinity Chromatography ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Biological Interactions ◽  
Antibody Capture ◽  
Developed World

Affinity chromatography was initially used to describe chromatographic biological interactions such as lectin-glycoprotein, antibody -antigen and enzyme-inhibitor. This definition has expanded to include the specific interaction between a target and a ligand. The use of affinity chromatography has reached a zenith with the explosion of Mab therapeutics and the use of Protein-A chromatography for antibody capture. Now, affinity chromatography has moved to non Mab proteins. This can result in the same economic advantages as Mab, by enabling the standardization of process development and manufacturing processes in flexible multiproduct production sites. The output is improved product throughput, higher target recoveries, and potentially less expensive drugs. These advantages are available to the developed world but how do we make this technology available to the developing world?

Research to alleviate poverty in the face of industrialisation of livestock production

2004 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 191-207
Author(s):  
Ann Waters-Bayer ◽  
Wolfgang Bayer
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
The Face

Economic projections into the year 2020 (Delgado et al., 1999) indicate that the global demand for animal products will increase sharply, particularly in developing countries, and suggest that the bulk of the increased production to meet this demand will come from large-scale, industrial production. Many smallholders in developing countries depend at least partly on livestock as a source of livelihood; for pastoralists, livestock are by definition the main source of livelihood.

scholarly journals Nanominerals: Fabrication Methods, Benefits and Hazards, and Their Applications in Ruminants with Special Reference to Selenium and Zinc Nanoparticles

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1916
Author(s):  
Sameh A. Abdelnour ◽  
Mahmoud Alagawany ◽  
Nesrein M. Hashem ◽  
Mayada R. Farag ◽  
Etab S. Alghamdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Nano Zinc ◽  
Organic Minerals

Nanotechnology is one of the major advanced technologies applied in different fields, including agriculture, livestock, medicine, and food sectors. Nanomaterials can help maintain the sustainability of the livestock sector through improving quantitative and qualitative production of safe, healthy, and functional animal products. Given the diverse nanotechnology applications in the animal nutrition field, the use of nanomaterials opens the horizon of opportunities for enhancing feed utilization and efficiency in animal production. Nanotechnology facilitates the development of nano vehicles for nutrients (including trace minerals), allowing efficient delivery to improve digestion and absorption for better nutrient metabolism and physiology. Nanominerals are interesting alternatives for inorganic and organic minerals for animals that can substantially enhance the bioavailability and reduce pollution. Nanominerals promote antioxidant activity, and improve growth performance, reproductive performance, immune response, intestinal health, and the nutritional value of animal products. Nanominerals are also helpful for improving assisted reproductive technologies (ART) outcomes by enriching media for cryopreservation of spermatozoa, oocytes, and embryos with antioxidant nanominerals. Despite the promising positive effects of nanominerals on animal performance and health, there are various challenges related to nanominerals, including their metabolism and fate in the animal’s body. Thus, the economic, legal, and ethical implications of nanomaterials must also be considered by the authority. This review highlights the benefits of including nanominerals (particularly nano-selenium and nano-zinc) in animal diets and/or cryopreservation media, focusing on modes of action, physiological effects, and the potential toxicity of their impact on human health.

Conservation of animal genetic resources: approaches and technologies for in situ and ex situ conservation

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 71-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Woolliams ◽  
O. Matika ◽  
J. Pattison
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
The Face ◽  
Livestock Products

SummaryLivestock production faces major challenges through the coincidence of major drivers of change, some with conflicting directions. These are:1. An unprecedented global change in demands for traditional livestock products such as meat, milk and eggs.2. Large changes in the demographic and regional distribution of these demands.3. The need to reduce poverty in rural communities by providing sustainable livelihoods.4. The possible emergence of new agricultural outputs such as bio-fuels making a significant impact upon traditional production systems.5. A growing awareness of the need to reduce the environmental impact of livestock production.6. The uncertainty in the scale and impact of climate change. This paper explores these challenges from a scientific perspective in the face of the large-scale and selective erosion of our animal genetic resources, and concludes thai there is a stronger and more urgent need than ever before to secure the livestock genetic resources available to humankind through a comprehensive global conservation programme.

scholarly journals An intelligent management system for aquaponics

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-350
Author(s):  
Divas Karimanzira ◽  
Thomas Rauschenbach
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Water Recirculation ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Intelligent Management ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Aquaculture Production ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Population rise, climate change, soil degradation, water scarcity, and food security require efficient and sustainable food production. Aquaponics is a highly efficient way of farming and is becoming increasingly popular. However, large scale aquaponics still lack stability, standardization and proof of economical profitability. The EU-INAPRO project helps to overcome these limitations by introducing digitization, enhanced technology, and developing standardized modular scalable solutions and demonstrating the viability of large aquaponics. INAPRO is based on an innovation a double water recirculation system (DRAPS), one for fish, and the other one for crops. In DRAPS, optimum conditions can be set up individually for fish and crops to increase productivity of both. Moreover, the integration of digital technologies and data management in the aquaculture production and processing systems will enable full traceability and transparency in the processes, increasing consumers’ trust in aquaculture products. In this paper, the innovations and the digitization approach will be introduced and explained and the key benefits of the system will be emphasized.

The Ethics of Nurse Poaching from the Developing World

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 666-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome A Singh ◽  
Busi Nkala ◽  
Eric Amuah ◽  
Nalin Mehta ◽  
Aasim Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Do So

Recruiting nurses from other countries is a long-standing practice. In recent years many countries in the developed world have more frequently recruited nurses from the developing world, causing an imbalance in the health services in often already impoverished countries. Despite guidelines and promises by developed countries that the practice should cease, it has largely failed to do so. A consortium of authors from countries that have experienced significant nurse poaching consider the ethical aspects behind this continuing practice.

scholarly journals Homestead Food Production and Maternal and Child Dietary Diversity in Nepal: Variations in Association by Season and Agroecological Zone

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishnu Dulal ◽  
Gary Mundy ◽  
Rojee Sawal ◽  
Pooja Pandey Rana ◽  
Kenda Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Technical Support ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Maternal Report ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
Agroecological Zone

Background: Suaahara, a large-scale integrated program, aimed to improve diets and nutritional status among women and children, in part by facilitating enhanced homestead food production (EHFP). Objective: This study examines associations between EHFP and maternal and child dietary diversity and variations by season and agroecological zone (AEZ): mountains and terai. Methods: We used data from household monitoring surveys (n = 2101 mothers; n = 994 children, 6-23 months), which included a 7-day dietary recall and maternal report on participation in 5 EHFP activities—received vegetable seeds, chicks, and technical support and participated in training and EHFP groups. We constructed binary variables for each activity and a scale (0-5) summing participation. For dietary diversity, we used the Women’s Dietary Diversity Score using 10 food groups and 7 food groups for child diets. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to assess associations between EHFP participation and dietary diversity by season and AEZ, controlling for potential confounders and clustering. Results: In adjusted models, we found positive associations between dietary diversity and chicks, technical support, and EHFP beneficiary groups; the magnitude of the associations varied by season and AEZ. The degree of participation in 5 EHFP activities was positively associated with maternal dietary diversity in the terai (β = .24, P < .001) and mountains (β = .12, P = .01) and child dietary diversity in the terai (β = .35, P < .001) during the winter. No associations were found in the rainy season. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the potential for EHFP to address dietary diversity constraints among this population. Variation by subnational setting and seasonality suggest that policies and programs should be contextualized.

scholarly journals Exploring economic and legal barriers to commercial aquaponics in the EU through the lens of the UK and policy proposals to address them

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Cammies ◽  
David Mytton ◽  
Rosemary Crichton
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Application Process ◽  
Organic Certification ◽  
Recirculating Aquaculture ◽  
Economic Barriers ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Eu

AbstractAquaponics is a food production system which connects recirculating aquaculture (fish) to hydroponics (plants) systems. Although aquaponics has the potential to improve soil conditions by reducing erosion and nutrient loss and has been shown to reduce food production related carbon emissions by up to 73%, few commercial aquaponics projects in the EU and UK have been successful. Key barriers to commercial success are insufficient initial investment, an uncertain and complex regulatory environment, and the lack of projects operating on a large scale able to demonstrate profitability. In this paper, we use the UK as a case study to discuss the legal and economic barriers to the success of commercial aquaponics in the EU. We also propose three policies: (1) making aquaponics eligible for the new system of Environmental Land Management grants; (2) making aquaponics eligible for organic certification; and (3) clarifying and streamlining the aquaponics licence application process. The UK’s departure from the EU presents a unique opportunity to review agricultural regulations and subsidies, which in turn could provide evidence that similar reforms are needed in the EU.

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