Kajian penyelidikan bagi pembinaan Lengkung Keamatan-Tempoh Frekuensi (Idf Curve) bagi daerah Pekan, Pahang menggunakan kaedah Gumbel

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
Suhaimi Yajid ◽  
Hazriesyam Amir Mustapha ◽  
Affendi Deris
Keyword(s):  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Chi Square

Lengkung Keamatan – Tempoh - Frekuensi Hujan (IDF) merupakan satu elemen yang sangat penting dalam bidang hidrologi untuk digunakan dalam aspek rekabentuk sesuatu struktur terutamanya dalam rekabentuk sistem saliran perbandaran. Oleh itu, lengkung IDF yang terkini penting dalam memastikan struktur yang dibina kelak dapat berfungsi dengan lebih efisyen dan memastikannya tidak gagal sepanjang tempoh jangka hayat rekabentuknya. Objektif bagi kajian ini adalah membina lengkung IDF bagi Bandar Pekan Pahang menggunakan kaedah Gumbel dan membandingkannya dengan lengkung IDF yang terdapat di dalam Manual Saliran Mesra Alam Malaysia (MASMA) melalui Ujian Kesepadanan Chi-Square dan perbandingan peratusan. Data stesen hujan yang digunakan dalam analisis kajian ini adalah data stesen hujan bagi Rumah Pam Pahang Tua (3533102) yang diambil dari Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran (JPS) Ampang Kuala Lumpur bermula dari tahun 1980 hingga 2013. Data hujan dari stesen ini akan dianalisis menggunakan kaedah Taburan Nilai Ekstrem atau Gumbel bagi mendapatkan nilai keamatan hujan bagi Kala Kembali 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 dan 100 tahun dengan tempoh hujan 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, 180, 360, 540, 720, 900 dan 1440. Seterusnya lengkung IDF akan dibina daripada nilai keamatan yang diperolehi menggunakan perisian Microsoft Excel. Dari Ujian Kesepadanan Chi-Square, diperolehi nilai x2 bagi lengkung IDF yang baru dibina dari kaedah Gumbel ialah 0.382. Nilai x2 yang diperolehi ini lebih besar daripada nilai α (0.05), maka ini menunjukkan tiada perbezaan yang signifikan secara saintifik (hipotesis alternatif) atau disimpulkan tidak terdapat perbezaan yang ketara antara kedua-dua kaedah taburan dengan nilai keamatan hujan di dalam MASMA dan peratusan perbandingan juga sekitar 3% adalah terlalu sedikit. Maka hasil lengkung IDF yang baru dibina daripada kedua - dua kaedah taburan sesuai digunapakai bagi tujuan rekabentuk infrastruktur sistem saliran Bandar Pekan, Pahang.

scholarly journals Posterior Restoration Selection Among General Dental Practices in Malaysia: A Preliminary Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Azim Asy Abdul Aziz ◽  
Aimi Amalina Ahmad ◽  
Azlan Jaafar ◽  
Norazlina Mohammad ◽  
Aws H Ali AlKadhim
Keyword(s):  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Moisture Control ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Dental Practices ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Deep Cavities ◽  
Significant Factors

Introduction: Tooth restoration is a common, routine procedure among dentists but still has its own difficulties especially for posterior teeth. As it is a straightforward procedure, some dentists are not aware of the difficulties that may contribute in reducing the longevity of the filling. The aim of the study is to determine the difficulties encountered during and after placement of restorative materials in deep cavities. Materials and methods: Standardized questionnaires were divided randomly among general private dental practitioners in Kuala Lumpur. Chi-square test was used to determine any significant factors associated with difficulties of material placement. Results: This study showed that the most frequent difficulties encountered among practitioners were to obtain good moisture control (39.0%). No significant association was found between obtaining good moisture control and year of clinical experience (p= 0.286) and also place of graduation with the manipulation of the materials (p= 0.542). Conclusion: Dental practitioners claimed that it was difficult to obtain good moisture control in placement of posterior restoration. Thus, it is an obligation of dental practitioners to practice proper isolation and good manipulation of materials on posterior restoration.

scholarly journals A Sociological Analysis of Combined Jail Life of Juvenile and Adult Prisoners in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ihsan Khan ◽  
Ashfaq Rehman ◽  
Niaz Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Offending Behaviour ◽  
Joint Dwelling

This study examines the outcomes of frequent relations between juvenile and adult prisoners at the populous prisons of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan in districts Mansehra, Dera Ismail Khan, Peshawar, Swabi and Mardan. According to SPARC (2015), there were total of 199 juvenile prisoners out of them 132 were taken as a sample size through Sekaran (2010) sample size table. The primary data was collected through interview schedule, with major aim to see association of joint dwelling of adult prisoners and juvenile inmates in the selected prisons. For measuring the association between adult and juvenile inmates, a Chi-square test was applied by using Microsoft Excel. It was found that there exist a strong association of adult with juvenile inmates; which resulted in reinforcing the delinquent behaviour of juvenile by supporting them financially, providing them with various kinds of drugs and persuading them to join their networks after they were released. Such situation was directly contradictory to the well-being of juvenile inmates at jails, where they were supposed to rehabilitate their offending behaviour. The study recommends establishment of separate jails for juvenile inmates, being inclusive part of the JJSO-2000.

Hubungan Konsumsi Fast Food Dengan Rasio Lingkar Pinggang Panggul pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas YARSI Tahun Pertama dan Tahun Kedua

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Istri Bela Cantika ◽  
Etty Widayanti ◽  
Yenni Zulhamidah
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

Latar Belakang: Gaya hidup modern saat ini cenderung merugikan karena berdampak buruk pada kesehatan seperti memilih makanan siap saji (instant) atau fast food yang dianggap lebih praktis namun mengandung gizi tidak seimbang sehingga memicu berbagai penyakit ditandai dengan gejala obesitas. Mahasiswa cenderung memiliki gaya hidup modern yang praktis dan kebiasaan mengonsumsi makanan fast food sebagai pilihan utama untuk makan sehari-hari. Obesitas pada remaja penting untuk diperhatikan karena 75% dari mereka cenderung mengalami obesitas pada saat dewasa. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif komparatif dengan menggunakan rancangan penelitian cross sectional analitik. Data primer yang didapatkan merupakan hasil sampling dengan metode simple random sampling. Metode korelasi Chi Square dan C Cramers digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan konsumsi fast food dengan rasio lingkar pinggang panggul. Data penelitian dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan bantuan Microsoft Excel 2010 dan analisis korelasional dengan SPSS Statistics 17.0. Hasil: Berdasarkan uji korelasional dari konsumsi fast food dengan rasio lingkar pinggang panggul menghasilkan nilai signifikansi yang lebih besar dari alpha. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara konsumsi fast food dengan rasio lingkar pinggang dan panggul pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas YARSI tahun pertama dan tahun kedua. Simpulan: Tidak terdapat adanya hubungan antara konsumsi fast food dengan rasio lingkar pinggang dan panggul pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas YARSI tahun pertama dan tahun kedua.

Factors Lowering Levels of Rabies Vaccination: A case of Kibaha Town District of Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 54-63
Author(s):  
F.M. Chikoondo ◽  
K.S. Majid ◽  
C.A.R. Mpelumbe-Ngeleja
Keyword(s):  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Dog Ownership ◽  
Rabies Control ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Rabies Vaccination ◽  
Linear Trends ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

A study was conducted in Kibaha Town Council of Pwani Region of Tanzania to survey the probable factors that negatively affected the anti-rabies vaccinations leading to low percent coverage in some selected wards. The data used in this study were gathered from households keeping dogs and cats and institutions, using a semi-structured questionnaire and interviews. Another set of data was the record of the rabies control programme at the district veterinary office. Analysis of the data was done using SPSS.16, Microsoft Excel 2007 and EpiInfoTM7. The enquiry instrument centred on three main fields, namely, knowledge of respondents about rabies, responsible dog ownership and their perception of issues pertaining to the conduct of the rabies control programme. The results showed that the last round of vaccination covered dogs for 57% of the sampled households in the selected wards. A huge percentage of the respondents (64%) kept the wrong perception that clinical rabies could be cured. Only 34% of the respondents indicated that they had been taught about rabies in a WHO project area. It was also learnt that there was an outbreak of rabies in the district after 2 years of consecutively vaccinating the dogs in the area. The Chi- square test for linear trends showed very highly significant statistical differences in the progression of numbers of dogs vaccinated over the years (p<0.05; = 0.0000). This study concludes that, lack of sufficient knowledge on rabies and negative attitude towards the control programme were the biggest drawbacks on the vaccination coverage.

scholarly journals Surgeons’ Interactions With and Attitudes Toward E-Patients: Questionnaire Study in Germany and Oman (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Masters ◽  
Teresa Loda ◽  
Jonas Johannink ◽  
Rashid Al-Abri ◽  
Anne Herrmann-Werner
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Electronic Survey ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Survey Form ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Pearson Correlations

BACKGROUND Doctors’ interactions with and attitudes toward e-patients have an overall impact on health care delivery. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to gauge surgeons’ interactions with e-patients, their attitudes toward those e-patient activities, the possible impact on the delivery of health care, and the reasons behind those activities and attitudes. METHODS We created a paper-based and electronic survey form based on pertinent variables identified in the literature, and from March 2018 to July 2018 we surveyed 49 surgeons in Germany and 59 surgeons in Oman, asking them about their interactions with and attitudes toward e-patients. Data were stored in Microsoft Excel and SPSS, and descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and chi-square tests were performed on the data. RESULTS Of our sample, 71% (35/49) of the German surgeons and 56% (33/59) of the Omani surgeons communicated electronically with their patients. Although the German surgeons spent a greater percentage of Internet usage time on work-related activities (χ<sup>2</sup><sub>18</sub>=32.5; <i>P</i>=.02) than the Omani surgeons, there were many similarities in their activities. An outstanding difference was that the German surgeons used email with their patients more than the Omani surgeons (χ<sup>2</sup><sub>1</sub>=9.0; <i>P</i>=.003), and the Omani surgeons used social media, specifically WhatsApp, more than the German surgeons (χ<sup>2</sup><sub>1</sub>=18.6; <i>P</i>&lt;.001). Overall, the surgeons were equally positive about the most common e-patient activities such as bringing material from the internet to the consultation (mean 4.11, SD 1.6), although the German surgeons (mean 3.43, SD 1.9) were more concerned (<i>P</i>=.001) than the Omani surgeons (mean 2.32, SD 1.3) about the potential loss of control and time consumption (German: mean 5.10, SD 1.4 and Omani: mean 3.92, SD 1.6; <i>P</i>&lt;.001). CONCLUSIONS The interactions show a high degree of engagement with e-patients. The differences between the German and the Omani surgeons in the preferred methods of communication are possibly closely linked to cultural differences and recent historical events. These differences may, moreover, indicate e-patients’ desired method of electronic communication to include social media. The low impact of surgeons’ attitudes on the activities may also result from a normalization of many e-patient activities, irrespective of the doctors’ attitudes and influences. CLINICALTRIAL

scholarly journals The Governance of Traditional Medicine and Herbal Remedies in the Selected Local Markets of Western Kenya.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willy Kibet Chebii ◽  
John Kaunga Muthee ◽  
Karatu Kiemo
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
Governance Practices ◽  
Traditional Governance

Abstract Background A lot of emphasis is often placed on modern governance systems and little or no attention is given to traditional governance practices which remain largely undocumented. The study aimed at finding out important traditional and modern governance practices that regulate traditional medicine sector in the Western Kenya. Materials and Methods The study was carried out in selected market centres of Western Kenya where the identified Traditional Medicine Practitioners (TMPs) sell their traditional medicine. All consenting TMPs and Professional Experts were interviewed with the aid of a semi-structured questionnaire. Purposive sampling design with elements of snow ball techniques was employed in tracing competent traditional medicine (TM) experts and relevant professional experts. The data collected was processed in Microsoft Excel and descriptive statistics performed. The Pearson’s Chi square statistics was carried out to determine the significance of the traditional and modern governance data sets using the STATA software. Results Modern governance practices were not significantly different in all the market centres surveyed (p=0.080). Equally, the traditional governance practices were also not significantly different in all the selected market centres (p=1.000). Conclusions Traditional governance practices play an important role in the governance of traditional medicine, and are shaped by the socio-cultural beliefs of the local communities. Modern governance practices, on the other hand, are widely perceived as top down regulation of the traditional medicine growing industry.

scholarly journals Occurrence of most common shade for crown fabrication in anteriors and posteriors in south Indian population - A retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 403-409
Author(s):  
Shree Ranjan Pandey ◽  
Subash Sharma ◽  
Sowmya K
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The South ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Shade Selection

Shade selection is a very important part of the treatment as it dictates the final outcomes of treatment and patient satisfaction. The most prevalent shade used in dentistry is A2/B2 shade for crown fabrication. This study was conducted on the south Indian population of the Saveetha dental college university where out of 617 patients were analysed so that the shade choices used in crown fabrication is assessed. This university based study involved the collection of data from the database from which cases of crown fabrication shade were selected and cross verified. All the data was compiled and tabulated in Microsoft Excel and exported to IBM SPSS 20. Data was represented through frequency distribution tables and Chi square tests. The highest frequency of shade used for crown fabrication amongst the South Indian population was A2 in males and females, the second most commonly used shade was A1 in females and A3 in males. Within the limitation of this study, it was found that the most common shade for crown fabrication used in the south Indian population was A2 shade, followed by A3 shade in males and A1 shade in females. The least commonly used shade was A4. The maximum cases which had a requirement of crown fabrication with esthetically pleasing shade were under the age group of 21 - 30 yrs.

PENGARUH TEKNIK MARMET TERHADAP KELANCARAN ASI PADA IBU MENYUSUI

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (08) ◽  
pp. 17-30
Author(s):  
Andi Kasrida Dahlan
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Normal Birth Weight ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Milk Ejection ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Milk Ejection Reflex ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Background: The marmet technique is removing the milk manually and assisting the milk exclusion reflex (Milk Ejection Reflex). Objective: Marmet technique influence to fluid breastfeeding in breastfeeding mothers.Method: design in this research is quasi experiment, population in this research are all postpartum gave birth with a normal gestational age with normal birth weight. Sampling using total sampling, with 24 samples, divided into 2 groups, 12 intervention groups and 12 control groups. Data collection using observation sheet and checklist. The data collected was then processed and analyzed using computer program of microsoft excel and statistic program (SPSS) version 20 with data bivariat analysis using chi-square analysis presented in table 2x2 form.Result: No effect of Marmet technique on breastfeeding in breastfeeding mothers before treatment, (ρ- Value = ,640 > 0,05), There is Marmet technique influence to fluid activity of breastfeeding mother after treatment (ρ-Value = 0,027 < 0,05).Conclusion: There is no effect of Marmet technique on breastfeeding in breastfeeding mothers before treatment is given and Marmet technique exists on the smoothness of breastfeeding in breastfeeding mothers after being given treatment. Keywords : PostPartum, Marmet Technique, Smoothness of Breast Milk

scholarly journals Surgeons’ Interactions With and Attitudes Toward E-Patients: Questionnaire Study in Germany and Oman

10.2196/14646 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. e14646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Masters ◽  
Teresa Loda ◽  
Jonas Johannink ◽  
Rashid Al-Abri ◽  
Anne Herrmann-Werner
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Electronic Survey ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Survey Form ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Pearson Correlations

Background Doctors’ interactions with and attitudes toward e-patients have an overall impact on health care delivery. Objective This study aimed to gauge surgeons’ interactions with e-patients, their attitudes toward those e-patient activities, the possible impact on the delivery of health care, and the reasons behind those activities and attitudes. Methods We created a paper-based and electronic survey form based on pertinent variables identified in the literature, and from March 2018 to July 2018 we surveyed 49 surgeons in Germany and 59 surgeons in Oman, asking them about their interactions with and attitudes toward e-patients. Data were stored in Microsoft Excel and SPSS, and descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and chi-square tests were performed on the data. Results Of our sample, 71% (35/49) of the German surgeons and 56% (33/59) of the Omani surgeons communicated electronically with their patients. Although the German surgeons spent a greater percentage of Internet usage time on work-related activities (χ218=32.5; P=.02) than the Omani surgeons, there were many similarities in their activities. An outstanding difference was that the German surgeons used email with their patients more than the Omani surgeons (χ21=9.0; P=.003), and the Omani surgeons used social media, specifically WhatsApp, more than the German surgeons (χ21=18.6; P<.001). Overall, the surgeons were equally positive about the most common e-patient activities such as bringing material from the internet to the consultation (mean 4.11, SD 1.6), although the German surgeons (mean 3.43, SD 1.9) were more concerned (P=.001) than the Omani surgeons (mean 2.32, SD 1.3) about the potential loss of control and time consumption (German: mean 5.10, SD 1.4 and Omani: mean 3.92, SD 1.6; P<.001). Conclusions The interactions show a high degree of engagement with e-patients. The differences between the German and the Omani surgeons in the preferred methods of communication are possibly closely linked to cultural differences and recent historical events. These differences may, moreover, indicate e-patients’ desired method of electronic communication to include social media. The low impact of surgeons’ attitudes on the activities may also result from a normalization of many e-patient activities, irrespective of the doctors’ attitudes and influences.

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