scholarly journals PRESSURIZED WATER PRETREATMENT TO INCREASE SUGAR PRODUCTION FROM GREEN COCONUT

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleitiane Da Costa Nogueira ◽  
Carlos Eduardo de Araujo Padilha ◽  
Anderson Alles De Jesus ◽  
Domingos Fabiano de Santana Souza ◽  
Everaldo Silvino Dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
Phenolic Components ◽  
Pre Treatment

Pretreatment of lignocellulosic industrial waste is necessary to promote the cellulose accessibility. Thus, this study evaluated the production of green coconut sugars during pressurized hydrothermal pre-treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated biomass. Pretreatment of the green coconut shell was carried out at 70 °C, 150 bar and water flow rate of 1 mL/min for 4 h. Samples from the system output stream were analyzed by HPLC and Folin Ciocalteu method. The solid fraction was characterized (chemical composition, XRD and FTIR) and subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis. The liquid fractions of pretreatment provided a defined profile of released glucose, xylose, phenolic components and acetic acid over time. After 40 min, most of fermentable sugars were released, forming a liquor with a sugar content above 10 g/L. Post-treated biomass showed a reduction of cellulose (26 % to 17 %) and hemicellulose (23 % to 18 %) and an increase in lignin content (32 % to 44 %). Despite this new chemical composition of the biomass, the pretreated material had lower crystallinity indexes and modifications in its chemical groups. This favored cellulosic conversion from 15 % to 55 %, producing 63.5 % more glucose than the untreated green coconut shell during enzymatic hydrolysis. Thus, the pressurized pre-treatment favored the fermentable sugar production from the green coconut shell, and there is also the possibility of utilizing the sugars present in the pre-treatment liquor.

scholarly journals Imidazole Processing of Wheat Straw and Eucalyptus Residues—Comparison of Pre-Treatment Conditions and Their Influence on Enzymatic Hydrolysis

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 7591
Author(s):  
Pedro M. A. Pereira ◽  
Joana R. Bernardo ◽  
Luisa Bivar Roseiro ◽  
Francisco Gírio ◽  
Rafał M. Łukasik
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Treatment Agent ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Temperature Time

Biomass pre-treatment is a key step in achieving the economic competitiveness of biomass conversion. In the present work, an imidazole pre-treatment process was performed and evaluated using wheat straw and eucalyptus residues as model feedstocks for agriculture and forest-origin biomasses, respectively. Results showed that imidazole is an efficient pre-treatment agent; however, better results were obtained for wheat straw due to the recalcitrant behavior of eucalyptus residues. The temperature had a stronger effect than time on wheat straw pre-treatment but at 160 °C and 4 h, similar results were obtained for cellulose and hemicellulose content from both biomasses (ca. 54% and 24%, respectively). Lignin content in the pre-treated solid was higher for eucalyptus residues (16% vs. 4%), as expected. Enzymatic hydrolysis, applied to both biomasses after different pre-treatments, revealed that results improved with increasing temperature/time for wheat straw. However, these conditions had no influence on the results for eucalyptus residues, with very low glucan to glucose enzymatic hydrolysis yield (93% for wheat straw vs. 40% for eucalyptus residues). Imidazole can therefore be considered as a suitable solvent for herbaceous biomass pre-treatment.

Comparison of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Leaves, Husks and Pith of Corn Stalk

2011 ◽  
Vol 365 ◽  
pp. 240-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Fei Dong ◽  
Jie Lu ◽  
Hui Jin ◽  
Rui Feng Yang ◽  
Teng Fei Yin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Corn Stalk ◽  
Enzyme Adsorption ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Adsorption Capability

Corn stalk was divided into fractions by morphological characters, and the enzymatic hydrolysis of these fractions was investigated. Chemical composition and the proportions of cells of different compositions were very variable in different morphological structure fractions. This has a fundamental effect on the enzyme adsorption capability and hydrolysis performance. Cellulase, β-glucanase and xylanase were added to the husks, leaves, pith and whole stalks of cornstalks. The results of enzymatic hydrolysis of different morphological structure fractions of corn stalk were compared. It can be seen that the content of sugar degraded by β-glucanase is the highest. The fastest hydrolytic rate and the highest sugar content were obtained in the pith of corn stalks.

scholarly journals Enzymatic hydrolysis of carbohydrates in by-products of processed rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila da Silva Turini ◽  
Roberta Martins Nogueira ◽  
Evaldo Martins Pires ◽  
Juliana da Silva Agostini
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Paddy Rice ◽  
Amylolytic Enzymes ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
By Products

ABSTRACT: Over post-harvest steps of rice, from pre-cleaning to processing, a large amount of by-product is generated. Some of these by-products, due to their high starch and fiber content can be used in ethanol production. The objective was to evaluate the effect of enzymatic hydrolysis conditions on the production of reducing sugars, from pre-cleaning residue and type III paddy rice, as well as the effect of the pre-treatment of its fibers, targeting the use of these residues in ethanol fuel production. The proximate analysis was performed, followed by the pre-treatment of samples. Enzymatic hydrolysis was conducted in two ways: using one enzyme at a time or applying them simultaneously. The starch content was 41.18 and 53.41%; the fibers were 30.44 and 23.39%, of which 6.53 and 4.41% were lignin, for the pre-cleaning residue and paddy rice, respectively. Alkaline pre-treatment reduce lignin content by 47.94 and 18.23% for the pre-cleaning residue and type III paddy rice, respectively. Hydrolysis efficiency was 22.61 and 15.32% for the cellulase enzyme, and 82.18 and 87.07% for the amylolytic enzymes in the pre-cleaning residue and type III paddy rice, respectively. The hydrolysis with the separated enzymes presented higher reducing sugar yields. Therefore, the pre-cleaning residue and type III paddy rice can be used for ethanol production by its enzymatic hydrolysis, aiming to add value and to increase the sustainability of the rice production chain.

Variation in the chemical composition of wheats grown in Western Australia as influenced by variety, growing region, season, and post-harvest storage

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Kim ◽  
B. P. Mullan ◽  
P. H. Simmins ◽  
J. R. Pluske
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Free Sugar ◽  
Growing Region ◽  
Total Starch

Two experiments were conducted to examine varietal and environmental influences on physical characteristics and chemical content in a cohort of wheats grown in Western Australia. In Expt 1, a 3 × 3 × 2 factorial experiment examined the relationships between wheat variety (Arrino, Stiletto, and Westonia), growing region (high, medium, and low rainfall zone), and 2 harvest years (1999 and 2000). In Expt 2, the effect of storage for 6�months on the chemical composition of the wheats was examined. Wide variations in the content of crude protein (CP, CV 19.4%), total starch (CV 5.45%), total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP, CV 9.4%), insoluble NSP (CV 10.4%), and soluble NSP (CV 20.7%) were observed. The crude protein content of wheat was inversely related to total starch content (r = –0.779, P < 0.001). Variety influenced fast digestible starch (P < 0.001), acid detergent fibre (ADF, P < 0.01), total NSP (P < 0.05), insoluble NSP (P < 0.05), and in vitro extract viscosity (P < 0.05). The annual precipitation level (mm) irrespective of growing region was correlated to bushel weight (r = –0.683, P�<�0.01), CP (r = –0.631, P < 0.01), total starch (r = 0.526, P < 0.05), ADF (r = –0.687, P < 0.01), lignin (r�=�–0.863, P < 0.001), soluble NSP (r = 0.826, P < 0.001), and free sugar contents (r = –0.795, P < 0.001), indicating the importance of annual rainfall for accumulation of protein, carbohydrates, and lignin in wheats. Harvest year had a strong influence on chemical composition (P < 0.05 to <0.001) and bushel weight (P < 0.001) of wheat. Storage for 6 months decreased soluble NSP (P < 0.01), ADF (P < 0.05), and lignin content (P < 0.01), and increased free sugar content (P < 0.001).

scholarly journals Effect of ripening on the Chemical Composition of Green locally Cultivated Banana Cultivars (Musa Spp.) Peel

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-66
Author(s):  
JA Ayo ◽  
A Ochefu ◽  
A Agbatutu
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Musa Spp ◽  
Green Banana

The study investigated the Effect of ripening on the proximate, minerals, vitamins and photochemical composition of green locally cultivated banana cultivars peels. The matured unripe green banana fruits were collected from Ussa, Ussa LGA, Taraba State, Nigeria. The proximate, minerals, vitamins and photochemical composition of banana cultivars peels were determined using standard methods. The moisture, protein and carbohydrate content of the peel of unripe green banana decreased from 8.64 to 8.43, 5.47 to 5.23 and 73.04 to 72.42%, respectively, while the ash, fats and fibre content increased from 4.55 to 5.23, 5.35 to 5.57 and 2.96 to 3.13%, respectively, on ripening. The vitamin C, vitamin E, starch and lignin content of the peel of the green cultivar decreased from 0.08 to 0.11, 106.83 to 95.03, 1.07 to 0.97 and 5.84 to 5.55mg/100g, respectively, while the sugar increased from 0.95 to 1.09mg/100g on ripening. The green cultivar peel flour showed a significant decrease, p=0.05, in calcium(0.65 to 0.58mg/100g), potassium(4.63 to 4.36mg/100g), iron(0.28 to 0.23mg/100g) and zinc(0.4 to 0.3mg/100g), respectively, with relative increase in the phosphorous(0.35 to 0.37mg/100g) content on ripening. Ripening decreased the phenol (0.73 to 0.64mg/g), flavonoid (1.70 to 1.41mg/g), carotinod (5.05 to 3.35mg/g) and sterol (0.18 to 0.16mg/g) content of the green cultivar peel flour. The study has shown that ripening has generally improved the vitamins and the sugar content of the ripe banana peels.

Immobilized Nanoparticles-Mediated Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulose for Clean Sugar Production: A Novel Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swapnil Gaikwad ◽  
Avinash P. Ingle ◽  
Silvio Silverio da Silva ◽  
Mahendra Rai
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Immobilized Enzyme ◽  
Free Enzyme ◽  
Magnetic Nanomaterials ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Cellulase Enzyme ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis Of Cellulose ◽  
Hydrolysis Of Cellulose ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Background: Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose is an expensive approach due to the high cost of an enzyme involved in the process. The goal of the current study was to apply magnetic nanomaterials as a support for immobilization of enzyme, which helps in the repeated use of immobilized enzyme for hydrolysis to make the process cost-effective. In addition, it will also provide stability to enzyme and increase its catalytic activity. Objective: The main aim of the present study is to immobilize cellulase enzyme on Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNPs) in order to enable the enzyme to be re-used for clean sugar production from cellulose. Methods: MNPs were synthesized using chemical precipitation methods and characterized by different techniques. Further, cellulase enzyme was immobilized on MNPs and efficacy of free and immobilized cellulase for hydrolysis of cellulose was evaluated. Results: Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose by immobilized enzyme showed enhanced catalytic activity after 48 hours compared to free enzyme. In first cycle of hydrolysis, immobilized enzyme hydrolyzed the cellulose and produced 19.5 ± 0.15 gm/L of glucose after 48 hours. On the contrary, free enzyme produced only 13.7 ± 0.25 gm/L of glucose in 48 hours. Immobilized enzyme maintained its stability and produced 6.15 ± 0.15 and 3.03 ± 0.25 gm/L of glucose in second and third cycle, respectively after 48 hours. Conclusion: This study will be very useful for sugar production because of enzyme binding efficiency and admirable reusability of immobilized enzyme, which leads to the significant increase in production of sugar from cellulosic materials.

Pretreatment of wheat straw by supercritical CO2 and its enzymatic hydrolysis for sugar production

2010 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roozbeh Alinia ◽  
Samyar Zabihi ◽  
Feridun Esmaeilzadeh ◽  
Jamshid Fathi Kalajahi
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Sugar Production

scholarly journals Impact of Lignin Content on the Sweet Sorghum Bagasse Enzymatic Hydrolysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 1957-1960
Author(s):  
Zhipei Yan ◽  
Jihong Li ◽  
Shizhong Li ◽  
Ting Cui ◽  
Yan Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Sweet Sorghum Bagasse ◽  
Sorghum Bagasse

scholarly journals Highly-Efficient Release of Ferulic Acid from Agro-Industrial By-Products via Enzymatic Hydrolysis with Cellulose-Degrading Enzymes: Part I–The Superiority of Hydrolytic Enzymes Versus Conventional Hydrolysis

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 782
Author(s):  
Karina Juhnevica-Radenkova ◽  
Jorens Kviesis ◽  
Diego A. Moreno ◽  
Dalija Seglina ◽  
Fernando Vallejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
By Products

Historically Triticum aestívum L. and Secale cereále L. are widely used in the production of bakery products. From the total volume of grain cultivated, roughly 85% is used for the manufacturing of flour, while the remaining part is discarded or utilized rather inefficiently. The limited value attached to bran is associated with their structural complexity, i.e., the presence of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which makes this material suitable mostly as a feed supplement, while in food production its use presents a challenge. To valorize these materials to food and pharmaceutical applications, additional pre-treatment is required. In the present study, an effective, sustainable, and eco-friendly approach to ferulic acid (FA) production was demonstrated through the biorefining process accomplished by non-starch polysaccharides degrading enzymes. Up to 11.3 and 8.6 g kg−1 of FA was released from rye and wheat bran upon 24 h enzymatic hydrolysis with multi-enzyme complex Viscozyme® L, respectively.

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